• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.550-553
• /
• 2010

The representative research institutes in North Korea are the Academy of Science and the laboratories of major universities. The National Academy of Science consists of headquarters, Academy of Medicinal Science, Academy of Forestry Science, and Academy of Agricultural Science. Under the authority of the National Academy of Science, Central Information Agency for Science and Technology (CIAST) has built up a database system integrating all the science technology data to provide scientific and technological information. The major universities of North Korea include Kim Il-sung University, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang Agricultural College, and Wonsan Agricultural College, and an agricultural college is situated in each province. Out of 3,860 plant species in North Korea, 158 species which amounts to approximately 4% of the total are rare and endangered, and deforestation is under a critical situation. The Oriental Medicine (Koryo Medicine) has been well developed using medicinal plants, and practical researches on biotic pesticide are largely conducted as an alternative to tackle the shortage of farming materials. Hereafter, a South-North joint research on the amount of plant resources and the methods of its conservation is needed and the North Korean research areas of biotic pesticide are worth adopting to the South Korean eco-friendly organic agriculture.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.86-89
• /
• 1999

A series of methanesulfonamide (I a- I g) and phenylhydrazone (IIa-IIh) derivatives were synthesized and their fungicidal activity in vitro against gray mold (BC: Botrytis cinerea), phytophthora blight (PC: Phytophthora capsici) and sheath blight (RS: Rhizoctonia solani) were measured by agar dilution method. The (II) deriviatives showed higher activity than ( I ) derivitives. And the relative orders of the fungicidal activity are BC=PC>RS, Among these compounds, 3-chlorophenyl substituent, IIg showed the most highest activity ($pI_{50}=3.96$) against PC. From the parameter focusing technique, major factors on the activity were ovality, polar and logP constant and so on.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.672-679
• /
• 2014

We studied an activation plan for utilizing eco-friendly agricultural products from agricultural producers' perspective through delphi techniques. Certification types of eco-friendly agricultural products held by producers were low-pesticide 26.1%, no-pesticide 39.1% and organic 52.2%. The major problems in handling the eco-friendly agricultural products were as follows: 'consumer distrust', 'lack of reliable and continuous shipping quantity' and 'lack of storage facilities, such as cold storage'. The major benefits of direct transactions between producers of eco-friendly agricultural products and processed food manufacturers including HMR processing companies were 'obtaining fresh food ingredients for processing' and 'confidence-building and income stabilization'. Regarding requirements for cooperation of eco-friendly agricultural producers and processed food manufacturers including HMR processing companies, the most common answers was 'multi-year contract based on trust'. When asked about governmental support for efficient cooperation between eco-friendly agricultural producers and processed food manufacturers including HMR processing companies, the most common answer was 'supporting plan for small producers' and 'arrangement for appropriate potential consumers'.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.590-598
• /
• 1993

The simultaneous analysis of samples, 16 organic pesticides in water among 129 priority pollutants listed by EPA, was performed by GC-ECD (electron capture detector) and GC/MS-SIM (selected ion monitoring). Two extraction procedures, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE), were studied as an extraction and concentration method. Accuracy and precision of the methods were measured by the calculation of mean recovery and mean relative standard deviation. Finally, the detection limits, the experimental limitations, and prospects were discussed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.374-389
• /
• 2023

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, particularly malathion, parathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos, are widely used in both agricultural and residential contexts. This refractory quality is shared by certain organ phosphorus insecticides, and it may have unintended consequences for certain non-target soil species. Bioremediation cleans organic and inorganic contaminants using microbes and plants. Organophosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes can transform pesticide residues into non-hazardous byproducts and are increasingly being considered viable solutions to the problem of decontamination. When coupled with system analysis, the multi-omics technique produces important data for functional validation and genetic manipulation, both of which may be used to boost the efficiency of bioremediation systems. RNA-guided nucleases and RNA-guided base editors include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), which are used to alter genes and edit genomes. The review sheds light on key knowledge gaps and suggests approaches to pesticide cleanup using a variety of microbe-assisted methods. Researches, ecologists, and decision-makers can all benefit from having a better understanding of the usefulness and application of systems biology and gene editing in bioremediation evaluations.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 1998

In order to obtain leading compound for the development of new pesticide through the organic synthesis of natural products, the synthesis of ricinine, an active compound of Ricinus communis, was established and biological activities of synthetic compounds against insects were examined. The synthetic scheme of ricinine was composed of four steps by the spontaneous condensation of the cyanoacetyl chloride. A modified synthetic process was also estabilshed to enhance the synthetic yield by simple cyclization of ethoxymethylene malononitrile. In the bioassay results of synthetic ricinine and intermediates on four insects, the mortality of ricinine on brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and pea weevil(PW, Bruchus rufimanus) was 80% and 75% at the concentration of 1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Chloronorricinine and chlororicinic acid having chloride group in molecular structure gave 60% mortality on two-spotted mite (TSSM, Tetranychus urticae) at the concentration of 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. The mortality of compounds on house mosquito (HM, Culex pipens pallens) was meager at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ level.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.811-817
• /
• 2006

We were carried out to monitor pesticide residues in herbal medicine. In Korea Pharmacy, these are no critics for pesticides except 5 kinds of organic chlorines (BHC, DDT, Aldrin, Endrin, Dieldrin) and heavy metals. We analysed 53 kinds of pesticides consisted of 14 kinds of organochlorines, 20 kinds of organophosphoruses, and 19 kinds of pesticides estimated endocrine disruptor on 373 samples consisted with 30kinds of herbal medicine. In this study, Domestic, Chinese and Japanese herbal medicines were tested with GC/ECD, GC/NPD and then confirmed with GC/MSD. Recoveries were 75$\sim$l10% in ECD detector and 76$\sim$97% in NPD detector. Detection limits were 0.004$\sim$0.064ppm in ECD detector and 0.006$\sim$0.094ppm in NPD detector. Organochlorines and others were not detected in samples.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2008

A global binding agreement was adopted with the leading of United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) on May 22, 2001 in Stockholm to regulate the production and distribution on persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The agreement took effectuation with the ratification of 59 countries from the approval of 151 countries on May 17, 2004. After the approval on October 4, 2001, South Korea performed systematical investigation on POP-related substances such as chlordane, dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorobenzenes (HCB), heptachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to get ready for the ratification of the convention with country-specific exemption. The domestic distributions of those chemical substances have been officially prohibited since the late 1960s to the early 1980s. Although there were occasional reports for the detection of some of those chemical substances, those performed minute signification in their existence in the environment. A series of investigation with documentary examination and fact-finding survey showed the possibility for the ratification on the convention without country-specific exemption.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.597-603
• /
• 2005

In this study, we try to determine the distributive property in southwest coastal waters, such as K wang-yang bay, Ka-mak bay, Yeo-ja bay, Wan-do, Hea-nam, Young-gwang, and Mok-po, using simultaneous analytical method of 310 chemicals. The results were detected tens of the organic pollutants in sampling sites, and the major chemicals detected were CH type chemicals such as aliphatic, polycyclic compounds and were CHN(O) type chemicals such as aromatic amines, nitro compounds, In particular, pesticides were mainly detected in summer, phenols and phthalate esters were not seasonal effect. Also, a number of aromatic chemicals were detected in Kwang-yang bay, From the results of this study, we confirmed that it is mainly contaminated in summer and the pesticide chemicals are the major pollutants in southwest coastal waters.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.85-99
• /
• 2005

This trial was carried out to determine effects of organic feeds in comparison to conventional diet on feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Korean native goats. Twelve Korean native goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats and then they were housed in separate metabolism cages for 21 days. Treatments included conventional diet (A) as a control group and three organic feed groups (B: organic rice straw, C: organic nee leaves, D: organic mixture of rice straw and tree leaves). The A treatment, conventional diet, consisted of common rice straw and commercial concentrates at a proportion of 60 and 40%, respectively. All ingredients of organic feeds treatments were organically produced-agricultural products without any application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide. Four experimental diets were formulated to have the same ratio of forage to concentrate and similar contents for protein and carbohydrate across treatments and they were offered to goats ad libitum. Feed intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were investigated. For chemical compositions of experimental diets, all nutrients except crude ash and ether extract were not significantly different across treatments as we expected. Crude ash content was highest in the A treatment (P<0.05), however, it was not significantly different among organic feeds treatments. Ether extract content was higher (P<0.05) in C and D treatments than in A and B. Even if dry matter intakes for organic feeds treatments were not significantly different among them, they were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with conventional diet. Fecal excreta were not significantly different across treatments, resulting in significantly higher digestible dry matter (g/day) in treatments of organic feeds (P<0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were more increased (P<0.01) in treatments of organic feeds compared with conventional diet. Digestibilities for most of nutrients except NFC had the same trend as ADG and FE, however, NFC digestibilities for C and D treatments were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those of A and B. Nitrogen intakes for organic feeds treatments were significantly higher (P<0.001) than conventional diet, with no difference among organic feeds treatments. Fecal nitrogen loss was higher (P<0.05) for C and D treatments than for A and B. Retained nitrogen contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) for organic feeds treatments than for conventional diet, but nitrogen retention rate did not show any difference across treatments. The results showed that organic feed supplementation more improved feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in comparison with conventional diet, and thus they could be concluded that organic feeds might contribute to animal performance and a safer production of animal product.