• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.891-894
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• 1999

A field experiment was conducted with Calliandra calothyrsus of fifteen provenances to evaluate the variation in the condensed tannin content of fresh leaves. Plants were raised in a nursery for three months and planted in the field. Experimental design was line planting of double hedgerows (3 m long plot, 1/2 meter interval, 45 plants in each plot) with 5 replicates. Plants were lopped every 5 months and samples (10 different plants within a plot; 4 newly flushed leaves, 4 partially expanded leaves and 4 mature full expanded leaves from each of 10 trees in a plot) were collected and were put on ice before transfer to the laboratory. Proanthocyanidine was extracted in aqueous acetone, and total extractable proanthcyanidine (TEPA) and total proanthocyanidine (TOPA) were measured. In addition, proximate analyses were made of different provenances. Crude protein contents varied from 19.74% to 16.45%; in vitro organic matter digestibility ranged from 36.09% to 23.32%. TEPA content ranged from 11.22 to 16.01 (measured as absorbance at $550nm,\;g^{-1}$ DM) and TOPA from 24.57 to 31.72 (measured as absorbance at $550nm,\;g^{-1}$ DM) TEPA and TOPA had a positive correlation, whereas crude protein content of Calliandra was negatively correlated with TEPA and TOPA. Provenances, such as Georgesville (Belize), local, Coban (Guatemala), Patulul (Guatemala), Bombana (Mexico) can be selected on the basis of nutritive value of fodder.

• 센서학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

Due to its high conductivity, pyrylium has been frequently used in electron transfer reactions or in the synthesis of various organic materials. It has also been used as a sensor material. Traditionally, the compounds have been synthesized using various methods; mostly in a multiple steps. In this study, two pyrylium salts, 2, 6-di-(4'-methylphenyl) pyrylium fluoroborate and perchlorate were synthesized. The synthesis of these products was confirmed by 1H-NMR, LC/TOF-MS and FT-IR analyses while their photo-properties were analyzed using UV/VIS spectrophotometry. In addition, the electron transfer capacities of the salts were analyzed with a conductivity meter, it was found that their electron conductivities were high. When the synthesized compounds were dissolved in acetone, a green fluorescent material was observed to form. The fluorescent material can be used as a sensitizer in the electrical industry.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2012

양식활동이 활발한 반폐쇄적인 내만에서 퇴적물의 지화학적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 2010년 4월 가막만 전역의 19개 정점에서 표층 퇴적물을 채취하여 퇴적물 중의 금속(V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, As), 비금속(P, Se) 및 악티늄족 중 U원소의 분포특성을 파악하였다. 또한, 퇴적물기준 및 농축계수를 이용하여 금속원소의 오염도를 평가하였다. V, Cr, Fe, Co 및 Ni 등은 석영희석 효과, Cd 및 U은 유기물 희석효과, Mn, Ag, As 및 Se는 만의 북부 및 남부해역 정점들에서 표층퇴적물의 강한 환원환경경하에서 이산화망간 및 황산염이 유기물 분해의 산화제로 이용되면서 화학적 재분배에 의해 농도분포가 결정되어지는 것으로 보여진다. 미국 퇴적물 오염 기준(SQGs)에 의한 오염평가는 As의 경우 만의 중앙부를 제외한 대부분의 정점, Ni은 전 조사정점에서 ERL을 초과하였다. 농축계수(EF)를 이용한 평가는 Ni, Ag, Cd 및 As가 평균 EF가 1을 약간 초과하는 단계를 보였으며, 이외의 성분은 1과 유사하거나 혹은 그 이하 양호한 수준을 나타내었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 총회 및 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.43-49
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• 1998

Retardation effect of heavy metals in soils caused by adsorption onto the surfaces of solids particles is well known phenomena. The adsorption of metal ions has been recognized more strong in clay mineral and organic matter contents rather than sands and gravels. In this study, we investigated the retardation effect in two sandy soils by conducting batch and column tests. The column tests were conducted to obtain the relationship between concentration and time known as breakthrough curve (BTC). We applied pulse type injection of ZnCl$_2$solution on the inlet boundary and monitored the effluent concentration at the exit boundary under steady state condition using EC-meter and ICP-AES. Batch test consisted of an equilibrium procedure for fine fractions collected from two sandy soils for various initial ZnCl$_2$concentrations, and analysis of Zn ions in equilibrated solution using ICP-AES. The results of column test showed that i) the peak concentration of Zn analyzed by ICP was far less than that detected by EC-meter for both soils and ii) travel times for peak concentration were more less identical for two different monitoring techniques. The first result can be explained by ion exchange between Zn and other cations initially present in the soil particles since ICP analysis showed a significant amount of Ca, Mg ions in the effluent. From the second result, we found that retardation effect was not present in these soils due to strong cation exchange capacity of Zn ion over other cations since we did not apply a solution containing more adsorptive cations such as Al. The result of batch test also showed high distribution coefficients (K$_{d}$) for two soils supporting the dominant ion exchange phenomena. Based on the retardation factor obtained from the Kd, we predicted the BTC using CDE model and compared with the BTC of Zn concentration obtained from ICP The predicted BTC, however, disagreed with the monitored in terms of travel time and magnitude of the peak concentrations. The only way to describe the prominent decrease of Zn ion was to introduce decay or sink coefficient in the CDE model to account for irreversible decrease of Zn ions in liquid phase.e.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.19-19
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• 2022

Hulled and naked oat is a perspective crop for the low input production systems due to its low requirements for soil quality and nutrition. Oats have good competitive ability against weeds and can provide appropriate yield in organic farming in comparison with other cereal species such as wheat or barley. It is a perspective crop from the point of view of use in the food industry too. The aim of our study was to compare the production and quality parameters of naked and hulled oat grown in both organic (OF) and conventional fields (CF). Small plot trials were conducted in two locations in the Czech Republic (České Budějovice, Prague) for four years (2018-2021) in two production systems (OF, and CF). We used four varieties of hulled oat (Korok, Kertag, Raven, Seldon) and one variety of naked oat (Patrik). During the vegetation, agronomically important data were recorded. After harvest samples were processed in the laboratory and analyzed selected quality parameters of grain dry matter (the protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, starch content in grain according to Ewers, fat content in grain dry matter by the modified method according to Soxhlet, and ash content in grain dry matter). The data were evaluated using the program STATISTICA version 13.2, StatSoft, Inc., California, USA. It is clear from the results that the number of panicles before the harvest was influenced by the location, cultivation system, year, and, to a lesser extent, the influence of the variety. The number of panicles in OF averaged 340 per square meter, which was 90% of the value of CF. For thousand grain weight (TGW), a significantly predominant effect of year was found. The independent effect of location on TGW was statistically not significant. Grain yield was predominantly influenced by cultivation system and location. In OF, it reached an average of 3.97 t.ha^-1, which was 75% of the yield of CF. As part of the evaluation of the basic grain quality indicators, the content of protein, starch, fat, and ash in the dry matter of the grain was evaluated. The content of protein in the dry matter of the grain was predominantly influenced by year, followed by the influence of the variety and a fairly comparable influence of the cultivation system and locality. On average, it achieved 16.05% in OF and 17.01% in CF. The starch content was then related to the protein content, where as a result of the lower protein content in the grain of OF oats, the content of starch and fat was on the contrary increased. The year turned out to be the most significant factor, affecting both the starch content in the dry matter of the grain and the fat content. This was followed again by a fairly comparable influence on the cultivation system and locality. The influence of the cultivation system and location was not statistically significantly applied in the case of ash content in dry matter. Based on our results we can propose both types of oat (hulled and naked) as perspective crops for OF. An organic farmer can expect to achieve stable yields which, in less favorable conditions for the production of cereals in the OF, may be close to the level of conventional yields. In the future, it will be important to change agrotechnology in OF and increase oat yield because this crop has a good potential to grow in areas with low nitrogen input or less fertile soil.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.150-150
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• 2016

Mankind is enjoying a great convenience of their life by the rapid growth of secondary industry since the Industrial Revolution and it is possible due to the invention of huge power such as engine. The automobile which plays the important role of industrial development and human movement is powered by the Engine Module, and especially Diesel engine is widely used because of mechanical durability and energy efficiency. The main work mechanism of the Diesel engine is composed of inhalation of the organic material (coal, oil, etc.), combustion, explosion and exhaust Cycle process then the carbon compound emissions during the last exhaust process are essential which is known as the major causes of air pollution issues in recent years. In particular, COx, called carbon oxide compound which is composed of a very small size of the particles from several ten to hundred nano meter and they exist as a suspension in the atmosphere. These Diesel particles can be accumulated at the respiratory organs and cause many serious diseases. In order to compensate for the weak point of such a Diesel Engine, the DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter) post-cleaning equipment has been used and it mainly consists of ceramic materials(SiC, Cordierite etc) because of the necessity for the engine system durability on the exposure of high temperature, high pressure and chemical harsh environmental. Ceramic Material filter, but it remains a lot of problems yet, such as limitations of collecting very small particles below micro size, high cost due to difficulties of manufacturing process and low fuel consumption efficiency due to back pressure increase by the small pore structure. This study is to test the possibility of new structure by direct infiltration of SiC Whisker on Carbon felt as the next generation filter and this new filter is expected to improve the above various problems of the Ceramic DPF currently in use and reduction of the cost simultaneously. In this experiment, non-catalytic VS CVD (Vapor-Solid Chemical Vaporized Deposition) system was adopted to keep high mechanical properties of SiC and MTS (Methyl-Trichloro-Silane) gas used as source and H2 gas used as dilute gas. From this, the suitable whisker growth for high performance filter was observed depending on each deposition conditions change (input gas ratio, temperature, mass flow rate etc.).

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2008

$PcFe(4-VP)_2$[Pc: Phthalocyanine, 4-VP: 4-Vinylpyridine]와 $PcFe(VIM)_2$[VIM: 1-Vinylimidazole]의 제조를 재래식 방법인 유기용제 사용에 따른 폭발 및 유해증기 발생 위험성을 차단하기 위해 무용제 방식으로 ligand인 4-VP와 VIM을 반응매체로 하여 PcFe를 밀폐용기에서 용융시키는 새로운 방법을 도입, 제조하여 분말상 진청록색의 물질을 제조하였다. 이들 물질은 $CH_2Cl_2$에 가용성인 $PeFeL_2$형태의 물질이다. 제조된 물질을 ATR-FTIR, UV/Vis, DSC/TGA, Surface Resistivity Meter를 이용하여 분석한 결과 film 상태에서 UV/Vis 차단 특성이 뛰어남과 동시에 대전 방지특성을 나타내며 또한 내열성이 우수한 물질이 제조되어 사용 및 응용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2012년도 제46차 학술발표회
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• pp.121-121
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• 2012

To evaluate the Hwangsu spring as natural mordants effect on dyeing. The natural mordant effect of Hwangsu spring was analyzed by pH, temperature, trace elements and organic matter. Hwangsu spring having pH 2.42 and $14.4^{\circ}C$ was harvested at the end of September, 2011, in Yeongcheon(Gyeongbuk Province, Korea) and left on a $0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ before use. The Result of ICP analysis, it contain bned Fe(414.9 ppm), Al(88.9 ppm), Mn(4.9 ppm). Dyeing and post-mordant procedure; Fabrics(cotton, silk, rayon) were dyed with natural colorants(Sopbora Japonica L., Caesalpinia sappan L., Allium cepa L.) for 20 min at $80^{\circ}C$. Hwangsu spring, aluminium sulfate $14-18H_2O(Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14-18H_2O)$, iron sulfate peptahydrate($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$), copper sulfate pentahydrate($CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$) were used by post mordants. But in the case of Caesalpinia sappan L. was dyed after pre-mordanting with Al(II). The fabrics were dyed with each mordant solutions at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10min. The colorless also was measured by color-differnce meter. Comparison with a synthetic mordants, the K/S values of cotton fabrics dyed with Hwangsu sping were increased.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2015

인류는 아름다움을 추구하는 경향이 있으며, 진주는 부와 신분의 상징으로 수 천년 동안 많은 사람들의 사랑을 받아 왔다. 현재의 인조진주는 밝은 색감을 갖고 코팅공정이 쉬운 유기색소를 이용하였으나, 낮은 내후성 및 내구성과 천연진주의 고급스러운 광택 표현의 어려움으로 인해 새로운 코팅기술이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 코팅 결합제로 니트로셀룰로오스와 우레탄을 이용하였고, 색감을 표현하기 위하여 무기 펄 안료를 사용하였다. 니트로셀룰로오스와 용매의 비, 우레탄과 경화제의 비, 펄의 첨가량, 코팅 횟수, 건조 온도 등의 실험변수를 조절하여 실험을 진행하였다. 코팅 된 인조진주는 색차계, 자외선, 촉진내후성 등의 특성을 분석하였고, 우레탄을 이용한 경우 내약품성 및 내후성이 니트로셀룰로오스 보다 뛰어난 것을 확인하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.580-585
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• 2006

Boehmite 나노졸을 이용하여 자외선 및 열 경화가 동시에 가능한 내구성 코팅재료를 제조하였다. Boehmite (AlOOH) 나노입자에 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane 등의 유기 실란 커플링제를 혼합하는 sol-gel법으로 내구성 코팅 재료를 만들었다. 최초 boehmite 입자가 물에서만 분산 가능하였던 반면, 유기 실란이 도입된 입자는 알코올, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile 등의 유기 용매에서도 분산 가능케 되어 코팅 공정상 넓은 응용이 가능하게 되었다. 코팅 박막은 spin 코팅 방식을 이용하여 다양한 기질에 제조되었으며 제조된 박막은 FT-IR, Si/Al CP MAS NMR, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, 연필 경도계 및 FE-SEM, Taber abraser 등의 다양한 방법을 통하여 분석을 실시하였다. 유기실란의 배합 비율을 조절하여 최적화된 경도와 투명성을 갖는 박막을 얻었다. 또한 플라즈마로 전처리된 PMMA기질을 이용한 실험을 통하여 전처리의 효과성을 논의하였다.