• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2007

The effects of supplementation of organic citrus on the quality of rice straw silage was investigated in this study. The aim of the study was to improve the quality of rice straw silage using agricultural by-products and therefore to secure the good quality forage sources. Firstly, looking at chemical composition of citrus added rice straw silage, crude protein content appeared improved with the addition of citrus to rice straw silage compared to control while NDF and ADF contents decreased. pH of the silages were different between control(4.39) and treatments$(3.47\sim3.53)$. Lactic acid content was higher in citrus added silage(4.87mM) than in control (3.65mM). External quality of the silages was also better in citrus added silage when citrus added at the equal ratio with rice straw(1 : 1). This trend was the same as with pH and lactic acid content. Propionate was significantly higher in citrus addd silage but butyrate was significantly lower. DM and NDF disappearance rates in the rumen were highest when citrus added at the equal ratio with rice straw(1:1). In conclusion, supplementation of citrus to rice straw silage with equal ratio contributed the best to the improvement of the quality of silage and it may have been due mainly to abundant content of non-structural carbohydrate in citrus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 1995

Alley cropping field experiment has been carried out for 24 months in lime-stone based dryland farming area of southern Bali to study the chemical composition and nutritive value of 16 provenances of Gliricidia sepium The design was a completely randomized block: arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (G. sepium provenances) and 6 blocks as replications with 12 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragua (N), Panama (P), Costa Rica (R) and Venezuela (V). After 12 months establishment, the gliricidia were lopped at 150 cm height regularly 4 times a year, twice during the 4 months wet season and twice during the 8 months dry season. The highest ash, mineral, total soluble phenol, prussic acid and digestibility were in V1; the highest crude fiber component was in M39; the highest gross energy was in P13, while the highest organic matter was in M35. Based on the highest nutritive constituents, V1, C24 and G14 were ranked first, second and third respectively, while based on the lowest non-nutritive constituents C24, V1 and N14 were ranked first, second and third, respectively. The importance of such provenances as source of nutrients for the ruminant during the dry season were discussed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 1996

This experiment was canied out to determine the effects of seeding method and seeding ratio in mixed cropping of forage rye and red clover on dry matter yield, nutritional yield and chemical characteristics of soil. The main treatment was two seeding methods(drilling and broadcasting) and the sub treatment was six seeding ratios between rye and red clover(T1; 150kg : 0 kg/ha, T2; 120 : 3, T3; 90 : 6, T4; 60 : 9, T5; 30 : 12, T6; 0 : 15). The experiment was performed at the College of Natural Science of Kon-Kuk University in Chungju in 1992. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Protein content was increased by increasing the seeding ratio of red clover, but content of NDF and ADF were decreased. 2. The seeding method did not affects significantly the dry matter yield, but broadcasting showed higher dry matter yield than drilling in the same seeding ratio. Especially, T3 of broadcasting was the highest yield of 13, 172 kg/ha The T3 of broadcasting and T4 of drilling showed hlghly crude protein yield of 1, 268 kgha and 1, 252 kg/ha, respectively. 3. Comparing the each seeding ratio of two seeding method, total nitrogen yield of shoot and root of drilling were higher than broadcasting. Especially, T2 and T4 of drilling were the highest in total nitrogen yield. 4. There were more increase in organic matter and nitrogen contents but decrease in K, Ca of soil by increasing the seeding ratio of red clover than soil before experiment. In the seeding methods, broadcasting was an effect of soil improvement.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.322-322
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• 2022

Hay and haylage as forage are increasing in preference for cattle feed. Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is growing up as a forage crop due to its high production and feed value in South Korea. It is difficult to determine the harvesting stage of triticale for producing hay or haylage with the highest forage value and quality because feed and nutritional value by growth stages of triticale were not known in South Korea yet. In this study, we analyzed forage values, pH, and contents of organic acid, to confirm feed value and quality by growth stages of triticale. The triticale 'Joseong' was sown in the spring of 2022. The sample was prepared in 5 stages: seedling stage, booting stage, heading stage, 10 days after heading, and 20 days after heading. The triticale was dried under 10% and to about 50% moisture for hay and haylage respectively, and then both triticales were fermented anaerobically at room temperature for 40 days. The pH value in all hay and haylage became lower as the triticale was grown up, although the pH value of all triticale hays and haylages ranged between 7.05-5.68. The content of lactic acid in all triticale hays was almost meaningless. The contents in the haylage of the seedling stage were the highest (2.39%) among the haylages, even though those of 20 days after the heading stage (1.67%) were the lowest, which showed a similar tendency with pH value. Conclusionally, the results implied that the feed value and quality of triticale haylage were affected by harvesting time but not hay.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.144-144
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• 2022

The amount of required forage is increasing by 20% every year in South Korea, but the cultivation area for forage production is limited. The yield ability of triticale forage is the highest among the winter forage crops including rye and the crop has cold tolerance within the average low temperature of -10℃ in January. Therefore, this study analyzed effects of sowing and harvesting times on feed value and quality for efficiently using and supplying triticale as livestock feed. Seed of the triticales, 'Joseong' was sown in 2021 fall (October) and 2022 spring (March). The triticales were harvested according to growth stages: seedling stage, booting stage, heading stage, 10 days after heading, and 20 days after heading. Moisture contents of each harvested triticales were adjusted to about 60%, and then the triticales were fermented for 40 days at room temperature under anaerobic conditions as silage. We have analyzed pH and organic acid to determine the feed value and quality of each silage. The contents of lactic acid in silage ofthe triticale harvested at the seedling stage of both fall and spring-sown (1.61%, 1.63%) were the highest among all of the silages; the booting stage (0.75%, 1.33%), the heading stage (0.50%, 0.69%), 10 days after the heading stage (0.31%, 0.42%), and 20 days after heading stage (0.22%, 0.40%). Such as the contents of lactic acid in the silages, and the pH value of the silages The pH value in both the fall- and spring-sown became lower as the triticale was grown up: seedling stage (7.05, 6.85), booting stage (6.21, 6.75), heading stage (6.18, 6.28), 10 days after heading stage (6.22, 6.17), and 20 days after heading stage (6.15, 5.81). Taken together, the results showed that the feed value and quality of triticale silage were more affected by harvesting time than sowing time.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 돈분뇨의 처리형태가 초지의 생산성, 토양의 지력증진 효과 및 양분의 용탈량을 조사하여 친환경적 조사료를 생산하기 위하여 전라북도 축산 진흥연구소내의 초지시험포의 영년초지에서 2002년 10월부터 2005년 10월까지 3개년에 걸쳐 수행하였다. 시험구는 돈분뇨의 처리형태별로 화학비료 표준구, 돈분액비 100%+N 50%구 및 돈분퇴비 100%+N 50%구로 배치하여 수행하였다. 돈분액비 및 돈분퇴비의 시용에 따른 건물수량은 화학비료 시용구와 차이가 거의 없었다. 조단백질, NDF, ADF 및 TDN 함량은 돈분액비 및 돈분퇴비, 화학비료구간에 거의 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 처리별 토양성분 변화는 돈분퇴비 및 돈분액비구에서 화학비료구보다 유기물, 유효인산 함량, Ca 함량 등은 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 영년초지에서 화학비료, 돈분액비 및 돈분퇴비의 시용에 의한 용탈수중 $NO_3$-N 및 $NH_4$-N의 농도는 돈분뇨와 화학비료 시용에 의한 영향은 거의 없었으며 $NO_3$-N 및 $NH_4$-N 용탈량은 5 ppm 미만으로 변이가 크지 않았다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2009

본 실험은 중부 지방에서 유기질 비료를 시용하여 두과 사료작물 초종의 생산성, 사료가치 및 가축사육능력을 조사하였고 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 두과 사료작물의 생초 수량과 건물수량은 초종 간 차이가 인정되었으며 공시 초종 중에서 red clover가 생초수량 38.6 ton/ha, 건물수량 7.8 ton/ha, CP수량 1.0 ton/ha, TDN수량 4.6 ton/ha로 다른 초종보다 유의하게 많았다(p<0.05). NDF와 ADF는 수확시기가 늦을수록 높은 경향을 나타내서 galega와 cicer milkvetch가 가장 높았고 yellow suckling clover가 가장 낮았다. 상대사료가치(RFV)는 galega와 cicer milkvetch를 제외한 나머지 품종이 100 이상의 값을 나타내어 우수하였으며 특히, yellow suckling clover, yellow blossom sweet clover, crimson clover, hairy vetch 등은 151 이상으로 1등급에 속하였다. 가축사육능력은 초종 평균으로 Kcp(2.18 head/ha/yr) > KTDN(1.25 head/ha/yr) > K(0.04 head/ha/yr) 순으로 높았고, 초종별로는 red clover가 K 0.05 head/ha/yr, Kcp 6.84 head/ha/yr, KTDN 3.64 head/ha/yr로 공시작물 중 가장 높은 가축사육능력을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 두과 사료작물 중에서 red clover가 생산성, 사료가치 및 가축사육능력이 가장 우수하여 중부지방에서 두과 사료작물 생산에 있어서 적절한 초종으로 판단되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1999

농업과 가축생산에서 상품생산의 원리를 통하여 노동의 공간분배를 관찰할 수 있다. 환경적인 요인에 적응이 잘되면 생산량의 증대와 효과적인 생산을 가져올 수 있다. 농장에서 이윤을 최대화하기 위하여 발생되는 조건에 밀접하게 일치되는 생산을 하도록 노력하여야 한다. 가축생산에서는 이미 잘 알려진 데로 사료생산에 밀접하게 연결되어 있다. 경제연구와 요인분석에 의하여 경제성있는 축산경영을 하는데 두 가지 집단(요인)이 지배적이라는 사실을 발견한다. 첫 번째로, 곡물의 재배지역이다. 그리고 두 번째로, 사료작물 생산형태(사료 및 초지재배지역 및 생산량)이다. 최근에는 환경적인 요인들은 저평가되는 경향이 있다. 중앙집권적인 행정제도의 결과로 인하여 차별화되는 효과는 활동을 못하게 되고, 그리고 동일하다는 개념이 강조되었다. 그와 같은 결과는 오늘날에 관찰될 수 있다. 예를 들어서 초지와 사료작물의 재배가 적당한 지역에 우유와 비육생산은 감소되고 있다. 옥수수와 돼지사육 지역에서도 유사한 현상이 발생되고 있다. 주로 초지경영에서 지역적 환경요인을 이용하지 못하는 현상을 발견할 수 있다. 초지의 합리적인 이용이 축산경영에서 중요하다는 것이다. 그리고 초지의 이용은 경제성있는 생산뿐만 아니라 생태적인 안정성을 유지하기 위하여 가축생산에서 대단히 중요하다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-80
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• 2003

본 시험은 제주지역에서 지렁이(100%) 시비량 차이(0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 및 600kg/10a)에 따른 신나리 열무의 생육반응 및 수량을 검토하고, 지렁이분 적정시비량을 구명하기 위하여 2002년 11월 7일부터 2003년 3월 8일까지 시험하였다. 초장은 무비구에서 500kg/10a 시비구까지 30.3cm에서 37.77cm로 커졌고, 그 이상의 시비구에서는 작아졌으나 200kg/10a에서 600kg/10a 시비구까지는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 엽수, 엽폭 및 근경은 초장 반응과 비슷한 경향이었다. 근장은 처리구간에 큰 차이가 없었고, 엽록소 함량은 시비량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 총생체중(지상부중+근중)은 무비구에서 200kg/10a 시비구까지는 2,949kg/10a에서 4,561kg/10a로 유의하게 증가되었고, 300kg/10a에서 500kg/10a 시비구까지는 5,096kg/10a에서 5,707kg/10a로 증가되었다가 600kg/10a 시비구에서 4,873kg으로 감소되는 경향이었다. 그러나 300kg/10a 시비구에서 600kg/10a 시비구까지는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 지상부 생체중과 근중은 총생체중 반응과 비슷한 경향이었다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1265-1265
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• 2001

The organic materials included in excreta of livestock are important resources for organic manure and for improving soil quality, although there is still far from effective using. One reason for this is still unclearly standard of quality for evaluation of manure made from excreta of livestock. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop rapid and accurate analytical method for analyzing organic compositions of manure made from excreta of livestock, and to establish quality evaluation method based on the compositions predicted by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Sixteen samples of manure, each eight samples prepared from two treatments, were used in this study. The manure samples were prepared by mixing 560 kg feces of swine,60 kg sawdust with moisture content was adjusted to be 65%. The mixture was then keep under two kinds of shelter, black and clear sheets, as a treatment on the effect of sunlight. Samples were taken in every week (form week-0 to 7) during the process of manure making. Samples were analyzed to determine neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) by detergent methods, and organic cell wall (OCW) and fibrous content of low digestibility in OCW (Ob) by enzymatic methods. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) was analyzed by coulometric respirometer method. These compositions were carbohydrateds and lignin that were hardly digested. Spectra of samples were scanned by NIR instrument model 6500 (Pacific Scientific) and read over the range of wavelength between 400 and 2500nm. Calibration equations were developed using eight manure samples collected from black sheet shelter, while prediction was conducted to the other eight samples from clear sheet shelter. Accuracy of NTRS prediction was evaluated by correlation coefficients (r), standard error of prediction (SEP) and ration of standard deviation of reference data in prediction sample set to SEP (RPD). The r, SEP and RPD value of forage were 0.99, 0.69 and 7.6 for ADL, 0.96, 1.03 and 4.1 for NDF, 0.98, 0.60 and 4.9 for ADF, 0.92, 1.24 and 2.6 for Ob, and 0.91, 1.02 and 7.3 for BOD, respectively. The results indicated that NIRS could be used to measure the organic composition of forage used in manure samples.