• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2001년도 The Asia-Pacific Conference on Reproductive Biology and Environmental Sciences
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• pp.171-174
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• 2001

Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), a solvent-free, rapid and inexpensive method for the extraction of organic compounds from aqueous sample matrices, was evaluated for determination of the 120 pesticides in vegetables such as crown daisy, perilla leaf, leafy lettuce and to mato. The analysis conditions were chosen for the SPME method: 15 min of immersion of the PDMS fiber in 10 ml of the solution with stirring at 1,000 rpm. The recovery tests were carried out in triplicate. The range of recoveries was 0-142% for organochlorine pesticides and $4.9\sim200\%$ for organophosphorus pesticides. The recoveries were very low in the pesticide groups with low solubility in water. The recoveries became lower in proportion to the interference materials in vegetables. The recovery in tomato was relatively higher than that in perilla Ie af and crown daisy. The recovery values obtained by SPE and SPME were compared. In leaf y lettuce, recovery obtained by SPE method ranged from $58.1\%\;to\;136.1\%$ and recovery by SPME ranged from $9.6\%\;to\;176.3\%$ In organophosphorus pesticides. The recovery in SPME method was satisfactory with $136\%$ for ethoprophos, $119\%$ for methidathion and $113\%$ for diazinon. Meanwhile, recovery of EPN, phenthoate and 2,4-DDT revealed relatively low value of $38\%,\;41\%\;and\;3.4\%,$ respectively. However, most of pesticides applied to SPME method sho wed constant recovery and precision. From these results, it can be concluded that solid phase micro-extraction might be an appropriate method for the screening test of pesticides in vegetables.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1974

1971년도(年度) 국내(國內)에서 생산(生産)된 13종(種)의 채소(菜蔬) 125점(點)을 괴집하여 ${\alpha}-$ 및 ${\gamma}-BHC$의 잔류수준(殘留水準)을 GLC로 분석(分析)하였다. ${\gamma}-BHC$의 잔류분(殘留分)은 채소별(菜蔬別)로 차이(差異)는 있었으나 평균(平均) 0.015ppm을 초과(超過)하지 않았다. ${\alpha}-BHC$의 잔류분(殘留分)은 채소(菜蔬)의 종류(種類)에 따라 ${\gamma}-BHC$의 $2{\sim}7$배(倍)에 달(達)하였으나, 13종(種)의 채소(菜蔬) 모두 0.030ppm을 넘지 않았다. ${\gamma}-BHC$의 잔류수준(殘留水準)은 FAO/WHO공동위원회(共同委員會)에서 검사(檢討) 결정(決定)한 Tolerence에는 미달(未達)하나, 현용(現用) BHC원제(原劑)를 Lindane정제(製劑)로 대체(代替)할 것을 제안(提案)하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2019

The consumption of fresh vegetables has been related to recurrent outbreaks of foodborne diseases (FBD) worldwide. Therefore, the development of effective alternative technologies is necessary to improve the safety of these products. This study aimed to isolate and identify epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fresh fruits and leafy vegetables and characterize their antagonistic capacity due to their ability to produce bacteriocins or antibacterial compounds. For this, 92 LAB isolates from fruits and leafy vegetables were screened for antagonistic activity. Two strains with the highest and broadest antagonistic activities were selected for further characterization; one from cantaloupe melon (strain CM175) and one from cilantro leaves (strain C15). The cell-free supernatants (CFS) of CM175 and C15 were found to exhibit antagonistic activity against FBD-causing pathogens. The CM175 and C15 strains were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus graminis, respectively. Notably, the P. pentosaceus CM175 CFS stopped the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Saintpaul, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, and delayed Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth. Moreover, L. graminis C15 CFS delayed the growth of all indicator pathogens, but did not completely stop it. Organic acids and bacteriocin-like molecules were determined to be possibly exerting the observed antagonistic activity of the identified LAB strains. Thus, application of the antagonistic compounds produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus graminis could be a novel and ecological strategy in developing antimicrobial biopreservatives for the food industry and mitigating FBD by reducing the biological contamination in fruit and vegetable orchards, mainly via their potential in controlling both gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The urgency of feeding the world's growing population while combating soil pollution, salinization and desertification requires suitable biotechnology not only to improve crop productivity but also to improve soil health through interactions of soil nutrient and soil microorganism. Interest in the utilization of microbial fertilizer has increased. A principle of nature farming is to produce abundant and healthy crops without using chemical fertilizer and pesticides, and without interrupting the natural ecosystem. Beneficial microorganisms may provide supplemental nutrients in the soil, promote crop growth, and enhance plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms. We mixed beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus sp. Han-5 with anti-fungal activities, Trichoderma harziaum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum with organic material degrading activity, Actinomycetes bovis with antibiotic production and Pseudomonas sp. with nitrogen fixation. This study was carried out to investigate the mixtures on the soil microflora and soil chemical properties and the effect on the growth of lettuce and cucumber under greenhouse conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The microbial mixtures were used with each of organic fertilizer, swine manure and organic+swine manure and compared in regard to changes in soil chemical properties, soil microflora properties and crop growth. At 50 days after the treatment of microorganism mixtures, the pH improved from 5.8 to 6.3, and the EC, $NO_3$-Na and K decreased by 52.4%, 60.5% and 29.3%, respectively. The available $P_2O_5$ and $SiO_2$ increased by 25.9% and 21.2%, respectively. Otherwise, the population density of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. was accelerated and the growth of vegetables increased. Moreover, the population density of E. coli and Fusarium sp., decreased remarkably. The ratio of bacteria to fungi (B/F) and the ratio of Actinomycetes bovis to fungi (A/F) increased 2.3 (from 272.2 to 624.4) and 1.7 times (from 38.3 to 64), respectively. Furthermore, the growth and yield of cucumber and lettuce significantly increased by the treatment of microorganism mixtures. CONCLUSION(S): These results suggest that the treatment of microorganism mixtures improved the chemical properties and the microflora of soil and the crop growth. Therefore, it is concluded that the microorganism mixtures could be good alternative soil amendments to restore soil nutrients and soil microflora.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2016

This study surveyed recognition and purchase decision factors related organic food in housewives with young children. The most common reason for purchasing was "environmental-friendly" with 47.6%. When checking food labels, "nutritional ingredients" was the most considered (29.5%). Preference levels for organic food were in the following order: grains (26.8%) > vegetables (23.7%) > dairy (16.9%) > root and tuber crops (14.0%) > fruits (6.0%). For awareness of quality of organic food, the highest awareness factor was "safer than normal food" at $3.91{\pm}0.72$. For awareness of confidence in organic food, the highest awareness factor was "good for health" at $4.11{\pm}0.68$. For awareness of satisfaction of organic food, the highest awareness factor was "origin labeling" at $4.02{\pm}0.76$. Regarding awareness of purchasing intention of organic food, the highest awareness factor was "I will purchase organic food as possible as I can" at $4.02{\pm}0.79$. In the correlation analysis, confidence and satisfaction displayed the highest correlation (0.640), and there were other significant correlations between value/purchasing intention (0.586), confidence/purchasing intention (0.560), and satisfaction/purchasing intention (0.575). Further, the analysis showed that among value, quality, and price, only value had direct influence on the purchasing intention.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

최근 친환경 농산물에 대한 소비자의 관심이 높아짐에 따라서 이들 친환경 농산물의 안전성에 대한 검증 요구가 증대되고 있다. 본 연구는 26종의 엽채류 및 4종의 과채류를 대상으로,재배유형(재래농법 및 유기농법)및 유통 경로 (대형마트 및 유기농전문점)에 따른 세균 및 기생충의 오염을 선택 감별배지, 자동 세균 동정 시스템, 현미경 관찰로 조사하였다. 수세하지 않은 농산물에 부착한 세균 집락 수는 농산물 균질액 1 mL(농산물 0.1 g) 당 $5.2{\times}10^{3}{\sim}1.5{\times}10^{5}\;CFU/mL$ 범위였으나, 흐르는 물로 2회 수세시 농산물에 부착되어 있는 세균 수가 $8{\sim}60$배(평균 25배) 감소하였다. 유기농법 농가에서 구입한 농산물을 2회 수세한 후 조사한 세균 집락 수는 $6.0{\times}10^{2}{\sim}2.1{\times}10^{4}\;CFU/mL$ 범위로, 재래농법 농가에서 생산한 농산물과 유사한 수의 세균 집락을 형성하였다. 또한 유통 경로별로 분석시, 대형마트에서 구입한 농산물의 세균 집락 수($1.4{\times}10^{2}{\sim}8.3{\times}10^{3}\;CFU/mL$)는 유기농 전문매장에서 구입한 농산물의 세균 집락 수와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조사한 농산물중 배추, 치콘, 치커리, 케일 등에서 상대적으로 많은 수의 세균이 검출되었으며, 가장 흔히 발견되는 세균 종은 Enterobacter cloacae이었다. 재래농법 농가에서 구입한 치콘, 쌈추에서 기생충이 발견되었으나, 유기농법 농가에서 구입한 농산물에서는 발견되지 않았다. 또한 대형 마트 및 유기농 전문상점에서 구입한 일부 농산물에서 기생충이 발견되었으며, 특히 배추 및 대파에서 높은 빈도로 검출되었다. 이상의 결과로보아, 엽채류 및 과채류의 세균 및 기생충의 오염도정도는 재배유형 및 유통경로에 따른 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 조사한 일부 농산물은 식품의 일반 기준 이상의 세균 및 기생충이 검출되어 생물학적 오염 방지를 위한 위생적인 생산 및 관리 대책이 요구된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2004

현재 우리나라에서 유기농업이란 화학비료와 농약을 주지 않고 작물을 재배하는 기술로 통칭되어지고 있으나 광의의 개념으로 농업 생태계의 건강 생물의 다양성. 생물학적 순환 및 토양 생물학적 활동을 촉진 및 증진시키는 하나의 총체적 생산관리체제라 할 수 있다 유기재배에 있어 작물을 위한 양분의 공급을 주로 다양한 퇴비에 의존하므로 지속적인 유기농 재배는 토양의 비옥도 및 이화학적 특성에 결정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 품질 인증 후 유기농 재배를 장기적으로 수행하고 있는 안정적인 유기농산물 생산 농가를 대상으로 하여 지속적인 유기농 재배가 어떻게 토양의 이화학적 특성 변화에 영향을 미치는지 구명해 보고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 전국의 유기농가 중 2-3년의 전환기를 거쳐 품질인증 받은 후 8-10년이 지난 안정적인 유기농 재배기술을 보유하고 있는 유기농가의 재배지 토양을 대상으로 시료 채취 후 토양 내 이화학적 특성을 알아보았다. 이때 작물은 엽채, 과채, 과수의 세 부분으로 크게 분류하여 대상작물에 대해 각각 5농가씩 선정하여 토양 내 퇴비의 시용량과 토양 내 양분함량과의 관계를 질소, 인산, 칼륨에 초점을 맞추어 알아보았다. 퇴비의 시용량은 대개의 농가가 처음 2-3년 간 10a 당 10-15톤의 축분퇴비를 공급하여 유기물 함량을 $10-50g\;kg^{-1}$로 조절한 후 일단 유기물 함량이 충분히 안정되었을 때 퇴비의 량을 10a 당 3-4톤으로 감량하여 공급하였다. 그러나 장기간의 유기농 재배는 질소, 인산, 칼륨 및 기타 금속양이온의 토양 내 양분 집적을 초래하였으며 특히 인의 경우 축적정도는 매우 높았다. 따라서 유기 재배지 토양 내 양분 축적을 막고 효과적인 양분함량의 관리를 위해 퇴비의 시용량은 적절한 토양 검정을 통해 합리적으로 유기물 원 및 시용량을 결정할 뿐 아니라 시용량 결정시에도 질소 기준에서 인산의 기준으로 전환하여 시용함으로서 토양 내 축적 인산의 함량을 줄여나가며 동시에 부족한 질소를 두과작물을 이용한 윤작체계에 의해 보충함으로써 본래의 유기농 의미에 충실한 환경친화적 방향으로 나아가야 할 것이다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.555-567
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• 2017

This study suggests the yield forecast model for chilli pepper using artificial neural network. For this, we select the most suitable network models for chilli pepper's yield and compare the predictive power with adaptive expectation model and panel model. The results show that the predictive power of artificial neural network with 5 weather input variables (temperature, precipitation, temperature range, humidity, sunshine amount) is higher than the alternative models. Implications for forecasting of yields are suggested at the end of this study.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.703-713
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• 2015

A Linear Approximated Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System, suggested by Eales and Unnevehr, is estimated with monthly data set of Korean fruits consumption. LA/IAIDS consists of 6 demand equations which correspond to domestically produced Hanrabong, overwintering mandarin, strawberry, melon and tomato with imported orange. The results indicate that price and scale flexibilities are negative, as expected. And the significance is that a 10% increase in imported orange quantity is associated with 5.5% declines in the price of Korean Hanrabong while the price of other fruits is minimally affected. In addition, the estimate of scale flexibility of Hanrabong (-2.96) is much smaller than any other fruit. Hanrabong farmer might be in the face of deficit operation as a consequence of the substitution effect if orange would be imported in accordance with the Korea-U.S. free trade agreement.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.241-254
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• 2014

This case study surveyed management situations of environmentally friendly farming(EFF) producers' organization and their main activities. Farmers are aging as an average age of 55-year old and producing fruit-bearing vegetables. The EFF did not increase farmer's income, however, price and income was stabilized more than that of conventional farming because of contract farming. Farm household liabilities are caused by purchasing agricultural machinery, materials and so on. Farmers of EFF have been also cultivating conventional farming, but they don't plan much conversion intention of conventional farming into EFF owing to lack of differentiated and stable market for their EFF products. And they are guessing that EFF income will increase a little. For increasing of EFF income, they think that it is necessary to reduce production cost, produce high quality production, develop processing foods, enlarge contract farming and so on.