• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2014

Chronological changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) must be prepared by IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. IPCC suggested default reference SOC stocks for mineral soils and relative stock factors for different management activities where country own factors were not prepared. 3.4 million data were downloaded from agricultural soil information system and analyzed to get chronological changes of SOC for some counties and for land use in Korea. SOC content of orchard soil was higher than the other soils but chronological SOC changes of all land use had no tendency in differences with high standard deviation. SOC contents of counties depended on their own management activities and chronological SOC changes of districts also had no tendency in differences. Thus, Korea should survey the official records and relative stock factors on management activities such as land use, tillage and input of organic matter to calculate SOC stocks correctly. Otherwise, Korea should establish a model for predicting SOC by analyzing selected representative fields and by calculating SOC differences from comparing management activities of lands with those of representative fields.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Cesium (Cs) generated by nuclear accidents is one of the most hazardous radionuclides because of its gamma radiation and long half-life. Especially, when Cs is exposed on the soil environments, Cs is mainly adsorbed on the topsoil and is strongly combined with tiny soil particle including clay minerals. The adsorption of Cs onto soil can vary depending on various physicochemical properties of soil. In this study, the adsorption characteristics between soil and Cs were investigated according to various physicochemical properties of soil including organic matter contents, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil particle size, and the types of clay minerals. Soil organic matter inhibited the adsorption of Cs onto the soil because organic matter was blocking the soil surface. In addition, it was estimated that the CEC of the soil influenced the adsorption of Cs onto the soil. Moreover, more Cs was adsorbed as the soil particles size decreased. It was estimated that Cs was mostly adsorbed onto the topsoil, this is related to the clay mineral. Therefore, soil organic matter, CEC, soil particle size, and clay minerals are considered the key factors that can influence the adsorption characteristics between soil and Cs.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.597-604
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• 2003

In the soil washing process, the contaminants are usually removed by abrasion from soil particles using mechanical energy and water However, organic contaminants with low water solubility like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are remained on soil particles. Previous studies have shown that surfactant possessing amphipathic activity enhances the solubility of organic materials. For this reason solutions with surfactants have been used to improve removal of organic contaminants on soil washing process. But, in this manner, many problems were found like complete loss of surfactants and additional contamination by surfactant. The remediation method using microemulsion has been introduced to overcome these disadvantages. In this case, surfactants are recycled by phase separation of microemulsion after remediation. In microemulsion process, the surfactant will be recycled by phase separation of the microemulsion into a surfactant-rich aqueous phase and an oil phase after extraction. That is why remediation concept applying microemulsion as washing media has been Introduced. Suitable microemulsion have to be used in order to have the chance of refilling the soil after decontamination and to avoid any risk due to toxicity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate effect of microemulsion to remediation of contaminated soil. We performed test with various organic contaminants like Pyrene and BTEX, also compared efficiency of remediation in microemulsion process with soil washing

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2009

In Korea, salt stress is one of the major problems limiting crop production and eco-environmental quality in greenhouse soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organic residues (Chinese milk vetch, maize stalk, rice straw, and rye straw) for reducing salt activity in greenhouse soil. Organic residues was incorporated with salt-accumulated soil (EC, 3.0 dS $m^{-1}$) at the rate of 5% (wt $wt^{-1}$) and the changes of electrical conductivity (EC) was determined weekly for 8 weeks under incubation condition at $30^{\circ}C$. The EC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and water soluble ions in soil was strongly affected by C/N ratio of organic residues. After 8 weeks incubation, the concentration of water soluble $NO_3{^-},\;Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ was significantly decreased in organic residues having high C/N ratio (maize stalk, rice straw, and rye straw) incorporated soil compared to organic residues having lower C/N ratio (Chinese milk vetch) incorporated soil. The EC value in Chinese milk vetch incorporated soil was higher than control treatment. In contrast, maize stalk, rice straw, and rye straw amended soil was highly decreased the EC value compared to control and Chinese milk vetch applied soil after 4 weeks incubation. Our results indicated that incorporation of organic residues having high C/N ratio (>30) could reduce salt activity resulting from reducing concentration of water soluble ions.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2016

최적의 유기농경지 토양 관리 기준 및 양분 관리 방안을 제시하기 위한 기초자료를 만들기 위해 유기농 인증을 받은 국내 75개 선도 농가를 선정하고, 논 토양에서 이앙 전에 토양 시료를 채취하여 이화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 유기농 토양은 평균적으로 pH 6.2, 유기물 $25.6mg\;kg^{-1}$, 유효 인산 $88.4mg\;kg^{-1}$이나 편차가 크게 나타났으며, 유기농과 관행농을 포함한 전국 규모 토양조사 결과에 비해 pH는 높게 나타났고, 유효 인산은 낮게 나타났으며 유기물은 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 한편 재배년수에 따라 토양 pH와 공극률은 높아지고 있었으며, EC와 유효인산, 용적밀도, 토양 경도는 낮아지고 있었으며, 유기물은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 용적밀도는 표토($R^2=-0.5424$)와 심토($R^2=-0.6429$) 모두 유기물과 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 조사 결과 유기물과 유효 인산을 제외한 대부분의 토양 이화학성 인자들에서 토양의 질이 향상되고 있어, 향후 유기물 관리 대책 수립과 유기농업자재로 사용가능한 인산 자재의 발굴이나 개발이 필요한 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.229-243
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• 2011

최근에 소비자들의 안전 농산물에 대한 관심과 정부의 정책적인 친환경농업에 대한 지원은 유기농 재배를 지속적으로 발전시켜 왔다. 본 연구는 유기농 재배 과원과 관행 과원간의 토양 물리성과 화학성 및 미생물성에 대한 시기별 비교분석을 통하여 변화양상을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 토양 가비중과 고상 및 경도는 유기농 과원에서 통계적으로 유의성있게 낮게 나타났다. 토양 pH와 유기물 함량은 3월에서 8월까지 증가하는 경향이 나타났고, 유기농 과원에서 관행과원에 비하여 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 전질소와 유효인산은 처리구에 상관없이 3월에서 8월까지 각각 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 유기농 과원에서 관행과원보다 전질소는 높았으나 유효인산은 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 토양 미생물 탄소 생체량은 처리구에 상관없이 3월부터 8월까지 증가(유기농 36%, 관행 15%)하였고, 미생물 질소생체량은 6월에 가장 높았고, 유기농 과원에서 관행과원보다 지속적으로 높은 미생물 생체량을 나타내었다. 토양중 dehydrogenase와 chitinase activity는 3월과 8월보다 6월에 가장 높았고, ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity는 시기적으로 점차 감소(유기농 38%, 관행 48%)하였으며, acid phosphatase activity는 증가하였다. 유기농 배 과원토양에서 관행재배에 비하여 6월에 조사된 acid phosphatase activity를 제외하고는 모든 효소활성이 시기에 상관없이 높은 분포를 나타내었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.783-788
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• 2016

Agricultural management of paddy soil depends on the effects of soil microbial activities. The present study evaluated the soil microbial community of 25 paddy soils in Gyeongnam Province by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The average of microbial communities in paddy soils were 32.2% of total bacteria, 16.7% of Gram-negative bacteria, 12.9% of Gram-positive bacteria, 2.0% of actinomycetes, 14.9% of fungi, and 1.3% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The communities of total bacteria (34.9%) and Gram-negative bacteria (19.4%) in soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were significantly larger than those in soils with other organic matter levels. However, soils with $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter had significantly low ratio of cy17:0 to $16:1{\omega}7c$ and cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ as compared with soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter, indicating microbial stress decreased (p < 0.05). In principal component analyses of soil microbial communities, Gram-negative bacteria should be considered as a potential responsible factor for the obvious microbial community differentiation that was observed between the two different organic matter levels in paddy fields. Thus, soils containing $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were responsible for strong effect on microbial biomass and stress in paddy fields.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.145-160
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• 1979

유기물(有機物) 시용(施用)의 토양물리성(土壤物理性) 개선(改善) 효과(效果)와 이에 따른 토양생산력(土壤生産力)과의 관계(關係)를 지금까지 이루어진 국내외(國內外) 연구결과(硏究結果)를 가지고 고찰(考察)해 보았으며, 우리나라 경작지(耕作地) 토양(土壤)의 유기물함량(有機物含量)과 토양물리성(土壤物理性)의 문제점(問題点)을 개략적(槪略的)으로 알아 보고 토양별(土壤別)로 유기물(有機物) 시용(施用)의 물리성(物理性) 개선(改善) 효과(效果)를 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)해 보았다. 유기물(有機物) 시용(施用)은 식질토(埴質土)의 투수(透水), 통기성(通氣性)을 개선(改善)하고 사질토(砂質土)의 보수력(保水力)을 증진(增進)하는 효과(效果)가 크며 토양(土壤)의 내침식성(耐浸蝕性) 및 내압밀성(耐壓密性)을 증대(增大)시키므로서 토양생산력(土壤生産力) 증진(增進), 토양보전(土壤保全), 농기계작업(農機械作業)에 매우 유익(有益)한 효과(效果)를 가져 올 수 있다. 우리나라 경작지(耕作地)에서의 유기물(有機物)의 물리성(物理性) 개선효과(改善效果)는 일반적(一般的)으로 논보다는 밭에서 훨씬 크고 토양(土壤) 유형별(類型別)로는 답(畓)에서는 미숙답(未熟畓) 보통답(普通畓)에서 크고, 전(田)에서는 사질전(砂質田) 중점출(重粘出)에서 높을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 유기물(有機物) 시용효과(施用效果)를 극대화(極大化)한다는 면(面)에서 보면 논보다는 밭, 숙전(熟田)보다는 신개간지(新開墾地)에 더 많은 유기물(有機物)이 시용(施用)되어야 할 것이다. 토양물리성(土壤物理性) 개선면(改善面)에서 볼때 최적(最適) 토양유기물함량(土壤有機物含量)은 3.0-3.5%정도(程度)로 정(定)할 수 있으며 우리나라 경작지(耕作地)의 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 매우 낮은 수준(水準)이기 때문에 보다 많은 유기물(有機物)을 계속(繼續) 시용(施用)하여 토양유기물(土壤有機物) 함량(含量)을 증가(增加)시켜 주는데 많은 노력(努力)을 경주(傾注)해야 할 것이다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2005

유기성폐기물 및 토양미생물을 이용하여 산불로 훼손된 산림토양을 생태적으로 복원하기 위한 일환으로 동해안 지역에서 발생한 산불토양의 물리화학적 환경요인 및 생물학적 특성을 분석하였다. 토양 시료는 산불의 영향을 받지 않은 정상토양(US), 산불 후 자연적으로 복원된 토양(NS)과 산불 후 인위적인 복원이 시도된 토양(AS) 등, 세 지역의 표토와 심토를 이용하였다. 모든 토양 시료는 사질토가 우세한 pH5.34~5.78의 산성 토양이었으며, 함수량은 정상토양에서 높게 나타났고 자연복원지와 인위복원지에서는 표토의 함수량이 심토보다 낮았다. 총 유기물량과 수용성 당량은 정상토양에서 특히 높았으며, 전체적으로 심토보다 표토에서 높게 나타났다. 토양 종속영양세균의 군집크기는 정상토양의 표토 (UST)와 자연복원지 심토(NSS)에서 크게 나타났으며, 탈수소효소, 섬유소 분해효소, 산성 인산 분해효소의 활성도는 정상토양에서 높게 나타났다. 미생물 작용의 1차지표가 되는 탈수소효소의 활성도는 함수량과 0.902 (P<0.05)의 높은 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration methods of the decomposed granite cut-slope by organic soil amendment materials. Field test carried out for the cut-slope with organic soil amendment materials method and other three revegetation methods in Cheongwon. Test revegetation plants were Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, and Arundinella hirta. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The soil hardness, the soil acidity, and the soil humidity of organic soil amendment materials method were at a suitable value for plants growth. And it was better as compared with other three revegetation methods of cutting-rock slopes. 2. The result of toxic substance investigation, all items were at a suitable for standard law. 3. During one year after seeding, most plants germinated and especially Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata grows well. Seedling numbers were 336.7 per $m^2$(after 6 months), 183.3 per $m^2$(after 10 months), and 353.3 per $m^2$(after 6 months). Ten months later after seeding, plants showed 80% ground coverage. Visual rate, plant height, and growth rate were excellence, Also, high plant growth in spring better than autumn.