• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.67-73
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• 1989

Recently pathotoxicological study of lymphoid organs by administration of some phthalate ester in rats, indicated marked effect of architechure of thymus, spleen, and lymphonodes. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), one of the phthalate ester, caused statistically significant reduction in the weights of various lymphoid organs. This senstivity of the lymphoid organ to phthalate toxicity which could lead to adverse effects on the immune response and also suppression of immune system. Therfore it is possible the presense of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the phthalate ester as well as DOP, in spleen and other organs might have some moderately effect on the function of the immune system, So our present study was proceeded to assess the effect of DEHP on the immunotoxicity in mouse. In the immune response of DEHP administered mice, HA, HY, Arthus reaction and Rosette forming cell were decreased but DTH was increased. Furthermore, in the DEHP plus ethanol group, HA, HY, Arthus reaction and Rosette forming cell were remarkably decreased and elevation of DTH was inhibited.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

The safety of human exposure to an ever-increasing number and diversity of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources both at work and at home has become a public health issue. To date, many in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that EMF exposure can alter cellular homeostasis, endocrine function, reproductive function, and fetal development in animal systems. Reproductive parameters reported to be altered by EMF exposure include male germ cell death, the estrous cycle, reproductive endocrine hormones, reproductive organ weights, sperm motility, early embryonic development, and pregnancy success. At the cellular level, an increase in free radicals and $[Ca^{2+}]i$ may mediate the effect of EMFs and lead to cell growth inhibition, protein misfolding, and DNA breaks. The effect of EMF exposure on reproductive function differs according to frequency and wave, strength (energy), and duration of exposure. In the present review, the effects of EMFs on reproductive function are summarized according to the types of EMF, wave type, strength, and duration of exposure at cellular and organism levels.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2002

Though the bamboo salt, called as "JUKYUM" has been widely used in Korea as panacea, it's toxicity was not screened completely. To investigate the toxicity of bamboo salt, we compared with the toxicity of crude salt and reagent-grade NaCl by performing repeated dose (3 month's) oral toxicity test in SD rats. Crude salt, natural sun-dried salt (crude salt) production, was purchased from the western seashore of Korean peninsular and reagent-grade NaCl was purchased from Sigma company. Results of repeated dose oral toxicity tests for 3 months (bamboo salt; 750, 1500, 3000 mg/kg/day, crude salt : 3000 mg/kg/day, reagent-grade NaCl; 3000 mg/kg/day) suggested that the bamboo salt treated group show no significant toxicological findings with body weights and organ weighs changes, and hematological, serum bio-chemical and histopathological findings compared with other groups.er groups.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

Cordyceps bassiana is a parasitic fungus and used as a Chinese traditional medicine. It has been called as DongChungHaCho(summer-plant, winter-worm) in China. Acute oral toxicity was examined in male and female ICR mice. Butanol fraction from Cordyceps bassiana(BuCb) was administered orally at a dose of 2,500 mg/kg, 5,000 mg/kg, 10,000 mg/kg. No death and abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the administration period. The acute toxicity test on mouse did not show any oversign in net body weight gain, food and water consumptions, organ weights, gross pathological findings by different doses of BuCb. Also, biochemical examination revealed no evidence of specific toxicity. These findings show that BuCb has wide margin of safety on acute toxicity with single exposure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 1989

Treatment of mice with 0.04% anthranilic acid (AnA) as drinking water resulted in an apparent stimulation of pup's growth and food intake of mothers in their first lactations associated with an increased rearing rate and no alteration in plasma prolactin level. AnA showed no significant effects on the day of vaginal opening, the pattern of estrous cycles, plasma growth hormone level and endocrine organ weights of the female and male offspring. The growth of male offspring was significantly retarded by AnA, however, their reproductivity was quite normal. The results indicate the AnA can simulate lactation of mice through little modulation of endocrine systems.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2004

The concentration of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) glycoalkaloids(PCA) (i.e., ${\alpha}$-chaconine and ${\alpha}$-solanine) in Korean cultivated potato plant, and in the different varieties, parts and weights of the potato tubers, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The highest concentrations of PGA in potato plants were found in the roots, followed by the stems and leaves. A large quantity of PGA existed in the periderm of 'Atlantic' potatoes, whereas 'Irish Cobbler' contained the lowest amount in five cultivated potato tubers.'Irish Cobbler' potatoes were divided into three parts and the PGA content in each part was determined. It was found that both of the end parts of the potatoes contained higher PGA than the middle part. The PGA contents in four different sizes of potatoes increased toward the smaller size. Thesignificantly high level of PGA was contained in the smallest size potato tubers, which have been used widely for Korean cooking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.132-132
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• 2003

In this GLP study, 4 study groups of 12 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats/sex were given vehicle, or 1,000, 1,500, or 2,000 mg/kg/day Sophora Japonica Linne Seed Extract (SE) for 13 weeks. Standard endpoints in this study included mortality, clinical observations, body weight, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, gross anatomic pathology and histopathology.(omitted)

• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 1993

Toxic effects of chronic adminstration of methamphetamine (MA) to SD rats were studied in respect to histopathological changes induced in each organ. In experimental groups liver weight decreased and brain weights increased markedly compared with controls in the 12th month after subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg and 5mg/kg/BW MA. Serum alkaline phosphotase levels increased, but marked decrease of cholesterol, triglyceride, and BUN levels were checked depending on both the dose of MA and duration of treatment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

To investigate the toxicological effects of ${\beta}$-glucan, we performed basic studying on ${\beta}$-glucan in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Standard endpoints in this study included mortality, clinical observations, changes of body weights, analysis on food consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination, hematologic examination, serum biochemistry, analysis of organ weights, gross anatomic pathology and histopathology. No clinical signs and mortality were observed in animals treated with beta-glucan throughout the experimental period. The average body weight of each treatment groups showed similar levels at end of experiment. There were no treatment-related changes in mortality, body weights changes, food consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination. Although there were statistically significant differences between the control and treated groups in some relative and absolute organ weights, and hematological and biochemical analysis, the data were in biologically normal ranges and did not show a dose-dependent manner. In the morphological change, hepatic tissue were not showed ballooning degeneration and irregular arrangement of hepatic cell in ${\beta}$-glucan treatment groups with control group. Also, organs weights (liver, heart, kidney and stomach) and hematological indices (WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and Platelet) did not show statistically significant differences among the experimental groups. In summary of these results, there were no changes in mortality, mean body weight, clinical signs, food consumption. There were no changes in ophthalmological examination, hematology, blood chemistry, necropsy and histopathology. In conclusion, although further investigation of glucan should be performed in the functions registered in many ancient literatures, ${\beta}$-glucan is physiologically safe and may have potential as candidate food for human health.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2000

This study was peformed to elucidate the effects of antler, red ginseng, safflower seed, ipriflavone and estrogen on ovariectomized rats. The rats were fed with Ca and P deficient diet for five weeks to induce osteoporosis. After this period, these animals were fed with normal for and treated every other day with antler(600mg/kg, PO), red ginseng(200mg/kg, PO), safflower(200mg/kg, PO), ipriflavone(80mg/kg, PO) and estrogene(400$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, IM) for S weeks. During the treatment, the rats were examined for body, organ, femur and femur ash weights. And electron-microscopical examinations were also performed on femora. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The body weights of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated groups after five weeks of treatment, were 303.0$\pm$3.0g, 273.3$\pm$4.4g, 288.3$\pm$5.1g, 300.5$\pm$5.2g, 320.5$\pm$4.2g, respectively. They, except the red ginseng-treated group, were significantly higher than 278.4$\pm$2.7g of normal control group(P<0.05). And the body weight of non-treatment group was 29it.2$\pm$5.5g which was higher than that of control group, too. 2. The weights of left femur after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.83$\pm$0.2g by antler, 0.89$\pm$0.2g by red ginseng, 0.87$\pm$0.2g by safflower 0.83$\pm$0.1g by ipriflavone and 0.78$\pm$0.1g by estrogen-treated group. They were a little lower than 0.97$\pm$0.1g of normal control group. Non-treatment group showed 0.83$\pm$0.1g which was lower than that of control group but not significant. 3. The weights of ashed left femora after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.36$\pm$0.01g by antler, 0.40$\pm$0.01g by red ginseng, 0.41$\pm$0.01g by safflower, 0.36$\pm$0.01g by ipriflavone and 0.35$\pm$0.01g by estrogen-treated group. Those results were significantly lower than 0.43$\pm$0.01g of normal control group. And non-treatment group showed 0.29$\pm$0.01g of femoral ash which was significantly lower than that showed by control group(p<0.05). 4. The femoral Ca contents of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated rats were 19.6$\pm$0.7%, 17.8$\pm$1.1%, 18.8$\pm$0.9%, 18.0$\pm$1.1%, 15.3$\pm$1.1%, respectively, after five weeks of treatment. The femoral Ca contents of antler and safflower-treated groups were higher than that of control group which showed 18.2$\pm$0.9% of Ca The non-treatment group, showing 15.3$\pm$0.7%, had significantly lower content of Ca than normal group(p<0.05). 5. The weights of liver, spleen, and kidney in the osteoporosis-induced rats during the treatment with antler, red ginseng, safflower, jpriflavone and estrogen showed not significant changes. 6. The connections among the trabeculae of control group were maintained well, showing no bone loss. However, the connections among the trabeculae of non-treatment group were thinner than those of control group and were almost disconnected and the lacunae were found to be broadened. Antler and safflower-treated group showed only slight changes. The recovery rates were prominent in antler, safflower, estrogen-treated groups but they were insignificant in red ginseng and ipriflavone-treated groups.