• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.397-415
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• 2002

This paper deals with a crucial mechanism for interaction of basic drugs and cardiac glycosides at the hepatic uptake level. Available literature data is provided and new material is presented to picture the differential transport inhibition of bulky (type2) cationic drugs by a number of cardiac glycosides in rat liver. It is shown that the so called organic anion transporting peptide 2 (oatp2) is the likely interaction site: differential inhibition patterns as observed in oocytes expressing oatp2, could be clearly identified also in isolated rat hepatocytes, isolated perfused rat liver and the rat in vivo. The anticipation of transport interactions at the hepatic clearance level should be based on data on the relative affinities of interacting substrates for the transport systems involved along with knowledge on the pharmacokinetics of these agents as well as the chosen dose regimen in the studied species. This review highlights the importance of multispecific tranporter systems such as OATP, accommodating a broad spectrum of organic compounds of various charge, implying potential transport interactions that can affect body distribution and organ clearance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.678-700
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• 2023

Diagnosing breast diseases using ultrasound (US) images remains challenging because it is time-consuming and requires expert radiologist knowledge. As a result, the diagnostic performance is significantly biased. To assist radiologists in this process, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed and used in practice. This type of system is used not only to assist radiologists in examining breast ultrasound images (BUS) but also to ensure the effectiveness of the diagnostic process. In this study, we propose a new approach for breast lesion localization and segmentation using a multi-scale pyramid of the ultrasound image of a breast organ and a convolutional semantic segmentation network. Unlike previous studies that used only a deep detection/segmentation neural network on a single breast ultrasound image, we propose to use multiple images generated from an input image at different scales for the localization and segmentation process. By combining the localization/segmentation results obtained from the input image at different scales, the system performance was enhanced compared with that of the previous studies. The experimental results with two public datasets confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach by producing superior localization/segmentation results compared with those obtained in previous studies.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-144
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• 2016

All forms of Clinical trial should be fully equipped with protection systems for experimental subjects considering their uncertainty and various risks. Existing laws have some regulations in pharmaceutical affairs act and medical device act. Nonetheless, there is a limit to protect the subjects considering law objective to perform administration of medicine. Furthermore, the clinical trial on minor has no direct regulations in pharmaceutical affairs act, but prescribes certain portion in clinical trial assessment guideline on infants or medicine clinical trial management standard, however there is a limit because that is just recommendation not having legal effectiveness. The legislative solution would be possible for legal problems of clinical trial on minor by examining treatment system on minor in organ transplant act and clinical trial on minor in other foreign laws stronger than usual medical practice in terms of degree of human body invasion. I suppose that the control system of clinical trial being done focusing on the pharmaceutical affairs act, medical device act and other guidelines in existing laws system should be resolved by legislating 'trial subject protection law', in addition, this would be well balanced in organ transplant act on protection system of minor organ donors. Furthermore, the judgement on the consent ability and spontaneity in clinical trial on minor should be judged considering maturity and mentality of minor by clinical trial institutional review board based on legislative solution mentioned above.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2002

Two new marine gastrotrichs of the genus Pseudostomella, P. longifurca and P. koreana, are described from the shallow sublittoral sand bottoms of South Korea. Pseudostomella longifurca n. sp. is characterized by the cuticular armature with tetrancres, five dorsal papillae on the prebuccal apparatus, four dorsolateral adhesive tubes, and elongated pedicle. Pseudostomella koreana n. sp. is distinguished from its congeners by the small body, tetrancres, two pairs of dorsolateral adhesive tubes, and tube-shaped copulatory organ. A brief review of the genus is prepared, with the character comparison table for all congeners currently recognized, and a revised key to the species of Pseudostomella. This is the first record of the genus Pseudostomella from East Asia.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 1997

DA-5018(N-(3-(3, 4-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenylacetamide) is a new capsaicin derivative under development as topical analgesic agent. The general pharmacological properties of DA-5018 on central nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and other organ systems were studied in experimental animals. DA-5018 cream (0.3%) had no effects on behavior, hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, body temperature, spontaneous activity, blood pressure, heart rate, intestinal charcoal propulsion, urine volume and electrolyte excretion even at a high dose of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In addition, DA-5Ol8 cream had little skin irritation compared to Zostrix-HP (capsaicin, 0.075%) cream in rabbits. In isolated guinea pig tissue studies, DA-5018 increased the contractility of trachea and ileum and also increased sinus rate of atrium in a range of 10^{-8}-10^{-5}$$ M, but its efficacy as a agonist was weak. These results suggest that DA-5018 cream might be used topically without serious side effects.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.32-44
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• 2000

The Korean native goat has been extensively used in the experimental work. Compared to those experimental work employing the goat, reports on their diseases have been scarcely documented. In the present communication, authors reviewed the literatures pertaining to the diseases of the Korean native goat. Diseases of the respiratory system, the alimentary tract, the liver, the musculoskeletal system, the skin, the urogenital system, the nervous system, the eye, and the heart were reviewed. And then metabolic, toxic, and parasitic diseases were reviewed. Of those diseases reviewed, diseases of the heart and kidney, and metabolic and toxic diseases were wholly artificially-induced. Except the parasitic diseases, a considerable number of diseases of other organ systems were also artificially-induced. And the parasitic diseases reported were confined to the internal parasites. Authors feel that the known occurrence of diseases would help diagnose new disease in the goat.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.01a
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• pp.486-495
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• 2001

This paper describes an implementation of the interval based expert system for syndrome differential diagnosis of Oriental Traditional Medicine (OTM). An approximate reasoning model using fuzzy logic for syndrome differential diagnosis is proposed. Based on this model, we implemented the system for diagnosing Eight rule diagnosis, organ diagnosis and then final differential syndrome of OTM. After carrying out inference process, the system will provide patient\`s syndromes differentiation diagnosis in the intervals and will give the explanation, which helps the user to understand the obtained conclusions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2014

Aging process can be characterized as a spontaneous decrease of function in various organs with age. Muscle, as a big organ of human body, undergoes aging process presenting with loss of muscle mass, "sarcopenia". Recently, several working groups have tried to make consensus about sarcopenia for definition and diagnosis. Muscle mass is known to be closely related with bone, brain, fat, cardiovascular and metabolic systems. With increased understanding, clinical and basic researches about sarcopenia have been also increased rapidly from various areas of health science and technology. In this paper, the history and recent concepts of sarcopenia were reviewed and brief discussion of its prospect in the field of neurosurgery was done.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2002

In this study general pharmacological profiles of KI-60606 on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the other organs were investigated. The dosages given were 0,5, 10 and 25 mg/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mice, rats, cats and guinea pigs. KI-60606 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced hypnosis time, body temperature, analgesic activity, anticonvulsant activity and contraction of nictitating membrane in cats. Furthermore KI-60606 showed no effects on blood pressure, heart rate, LVP (left ventricular peak systolic pressure), LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure), LVDP (left ventricular developing pressure), DP(double product), CFR(coronary flow rate), smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum and gastric secretion at all dosage tested except the increase of gastrointestinal transport and urinary $K^+$ excretion.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2011

Mercury is a toxic, persistent pollutant that bioaccumulates and biomagnifies through food webs. People are exposed to methyhnercruy mainly through their diet, especially through the consumption of freshwater and marine fish and of other animals that consume fish (e.g., marine mammals). All humans are exposed to low levels of mercury. Dietary patterns can increase exposure to a fish-eating population where the fish and seafood are contaminated with mercury. The primary toxicity targets of mercury and mercury compounds are the nervous system, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. It is generally accepted that developing organ systems are most sensitive to the toxic effects of mercury. The fetal-brain mercury levels appear to be significantly higher than the maternal-blood mercury levels, and the developing central nervous system of the fetus is currently regarded as the main system of concern as it demonstrates the greatest sensitivity. The subpopulation that may be at greater risk for mercury toxicity are those exposed to higher levels of methylmercury due to carnivorous fish, including sharks.