• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.417-421
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• 2009

Monitoring was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Grapholita dimorpha Komai in Korean apple orchards using sex pheromone traps. G. dimorpa showed four peaks per year: early May, from late June to early July, from late July to mid August, and from late August to September. After adult emergence of the over-wintered G. dimorpha, G. dimorpha catches was decreased significantly and increased again after July. In G. molesta traps, G. molesta and G. dimorpha were trapped by 98.8 and 1.2%, respectively. Conversely in G. dimorpha traps, G. dimorpha and G. molesta were trapped by 99.7 and 0.3%, respectively. The 30.6% of the moths from the damaged apple fruits were G. dimorpha. This is the first report on G. dimorpha in apple orchards in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2012

This study was conducted to select promising green manure crops, providing sufficient amount of nutrients for satisfying fruit tree growth, with the overwintering cover crops grown in organic orchards in 2009. The cover covers were investigated in 13 organic orchards in Chonnam province in April and June. The dry matter in cover crops observed in April and June was the highest for Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Bromus japonicus Thunb., respectively. Total N and K production in April was the highest for Lolium multiflorum Lam, Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray and Vicia angustifolia var. segetilis (Thuill.) K. Koch., respectively, with Bromus japonicus Thunb. in June. This study showed that the leguminous crops, Vicia hirsuta (L.) and Vicia angustifolia, would be the prospective cover covers as the both crops provided sufficient amount of N and $K_2O$ into the soil. Amount of $P_2O_5$ producing from all cover crops provided less than nutrient levels than those of recommended nutrient requirement for satisfying 10- to 15-year-old fruit tree growth.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2017

This study was carried out two surveys in 2015 to monitor weed occurrence and determine the most troublesome weeds in peach orchards of Korea. The first survey identified 56 taxa belonging to 23 families including 27 annuals, 11 biennials, and 18 perennials. Based on importance values, Conyza canadensis (5.12%), Plantago asiatica (4.17%), and Trifolium repens (3.86%) were the dominant weeds in the first survey (from April to June). Seventeen exotic weeds were identified in the first survey, including Conyza canadensis, Trifolium repens, and Chenopodium ficifolium. The second survey (from September to October) identified 42 weeds belonging to 19 families including 23 annuals, 5 biennials, and 14 perennials. According to importance values, Digitaria ciliaris (8.00%) was the most dominant weed, followed by Echinochloa utilis (6.61%) and Rorippa palustris (6.48%). There were 12 exotic weeds, including Taraxacum officinale, Rumex crispus, and Trifolium repens. Additionally, according to Braun-Blanquet's scale showed that the dominance value was level 1 (41.98% and 46.43%, respectively) in two surveys. Currently, 40% of the total surveyed peach orchards applied herbicides for weed control. These results could provide basic data to assist orchardists in selecting the most suitable weed management methods; thereby, reducing labor inputs and effectively lowering costs while improving fruit yields in peach orchards of Korea.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2014

Apple blotch, caused by Marssonina coronaria, induce early defoliation in apple and leading to critical economic losses in apple orchards in Korea. Since M. coronaria is difficult to culture, we developed isolation and cultural method. We collected M. coronaria isolates from Gyeongbuk Province and then constructed phylogentic tree based on ITS regions. As the results, phylogenetic relationship indicated that all Korean isolates formed a same cluster and closely related to Chinese isolates [1]. Ecological characteristic of M. coronaria have been observed in apple orchards which located in Gyeongbuk Province from 2011 to present. As the results, the typical apple blotch symptoms were observed from July, and then the infected leaves were discolored and formed acervuli on the leaves. After rainfall, severe infection of symptoms such as discoloration and early defoliation were continuously observed until October. Also overwintered conidia were observed in next March on the fallen diseased leaves [2]. In the last 5 years, ascopores of M. coronaria were not observed in apple orchards which were severely infected by M. coronaria in Korea. Thus, it is assumed that overwintered conidia could be a primary inoculum of M. coronaria. Meanwhile, apple blotch has long latent periods compare to other apple disease. During the latent period, early diagnosis of apple blotch is the most important to control the disease by spray fungicide. In this reason, we developed novel diagnostic method to detect M. coronaria during latent period using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method [2, 3]. In this presentation, it will introduce ecological characterization of M. coronaria in Korea and unique detection technique of M. coronaria in apple. It will be helpful to develop new strategies to control apple blotch in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.443-447
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• 2012

Clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) are economically important pests of fruit trees, such as apple, peach, and grape in Korea. Larvae feed on the phloem and cambium within tree branches of host plants. In this study, the seasonal fluctuation in male catches of four clearwing moths, Synanthedon haitangvora, S. bicingulata, Nokona regalis, and Glossosphecia romanovi, were monitored with the respective sex pheromone traps in Suwon for three years. In apple orchards, S. haitangvora males were captured from May to October, with two peaks in early June to middle June and late August to early September. Similarly, S. bicingulata males were trapped from May to October, with two peaks in late May and late August to middle September in peach orchards. In vineyards, N. regalis males were captured from late May to middle June with one peak in late May to early June, while G. romanovi males were trapped from early June to late July with one peak in late June to early July.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2020

Driving on irregular and inclined roads using agricultural machinery such as spraying machines or trucks in orchards causes farmer casualties associated with the overturning of agricultural machinery. In addition, the harm to agricultural workers caused by the excessive inhalation of the scattered pesticide frequently occurs during pest control processes. To address these problems, we introduced precision agricultural technology that could selectively spray pesticides only where the fruit is present by recognizing the presence or shape of the fruit in the orchard. In this paper, a 16-channel LIDAR (VLP-16) made of Velodyne was used to identify the shape of fruit trees. Solenoid valves were attached to the end parts of 12 nozzles of the orchard spraying machine for on/off control. The smart spraying machine implemented in this way was mounted on a vehicle capable of autonomous travel and performed selective control depending upon the shape of the fruit trees while traveling in the orchards. This is expected to significantly reduce the amounts of pesticides used in orchards and production costs.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

Weeding in orchards is closely associated with productivity and quality. The customary weeding process is both labor-intensive and time-consuming. To solve the problems, there is need for automation of agricultural robots and machines in the agricultural field. On the other hand, orchards have complicated working areas due to narrow spaces between trees and amorphous terrain. Therefore, it is necessary to develop customized robot technology for unmanned weeding work within the department. This study developed a path generation and path control method for unmanned weeding according to the orchard environment. For this, the width of the weeding span, the number of operations, and the width of the weeding robot were used as input parameters for the orchard environment parameters. To generate a weeding path, a weeding robot was operated remotely to obtain GNSS-based location data along the superheated center line, and a driving performance test was performed based on the generated path. From the results of orchard field tests, the RMSE in weeding period sections was measured at 0.029 m, with a maximum error of 0.15 m. In the steering period within row and steering to the next row sections, the RMSE was 0.124 m, and 0.047 m, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

We present a novel algorithm for creating 2D maps tailored for autonomous navigation within orchards. Recognizing that fruit trees in orchards are typically aligned in rows, our primary goal is to accurately detect these tree rows and project this information onto the map. Initially, we propose a simple algorithm that recognizes trees from point cloud data by analyzing the spatial distribution of points. We then introduce a method for detecting fruit tree rows based on the positions of recognized fruit trees, which are integrated into the 2D orchard map. Validation of the proposed approach was conducted using real-world orchard point cloud data acquired via LiDAR. The results demonstrate high tree detection accuracy of 90% and precise tree row mapping, confirming the method's efficacy. Additionally, the generated maps facilitate the development of natural navigation paths that align with the orchard's layout.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1980

This study was conducted to detect copper which is considered in the soils of orchards, since copper fungicide has been applied to fruit trees. Soil samples taken from the fields of the chief producing districts of apple (Chungju, Yesan, Daegu), pear (Yangju, Bucheon, Seonghwan) and citrus (Seogypo in Jeju island) were analysed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. In orchards of apple, the amount of copper of soils from Yesan, Chungju and Daegu were ranged 2.6-171.3ppm, 2.2-136.1ppm and 14.3-134.6ppm, respectively. Very little copper was detected from the soils in the field which has been cultivated for less than 20 years. About 100ppm and 130-170ppm of copper were detected in the field which has been cultivated for 30 years and for 50-60 years, respectively. Most of the copper was detected in the surface layer of soils (0-10cm), while very low content of copper was detected in the deeper layer of soils (10-20cm). 2. In orchards of pear, 20-30ppm of copper was detected from the surface of soils in the field which has been cultivated for more than 30 years and the highest level of copper, 36.8ppm, was detected from Yangju area. The amount of copper of soils from Yangju, Seonghwan and Bucheon were ranged 3.6-36.8ppm, 9.7-19.4ppm and 3.6-24.7ppm, respectively. 3. In orchards of citrus of Jeju island, only trace amount and 23-38ppm of copper were detected in the fields cultivated for 15 years and 20-30 years, respectively. The highest level of copper, 57ppm, was detected from the surface layer of soils in the field which has been cultivated for 35 years, but in most of the soil samples tested, only the natural background level of copper, about 20ppm, was detected. 4. The levels of copper residue in all the soil samples tested were lower than the tolerance level (125ppm of copper which is extracted in 0.1N-HCl solution), except those of copperr residue, 130-170ppm, that were detected from the orchards of apple which have been under cultivation for 50-60 years. Hence no problem for the farming could be speculated with the present concentration of copper analysed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the community structure of arthropods, including various insect pests and their natural enemies, in walnut orchards. Furthermore, we tried to compare the species richness and community structure of arthropods by three different sampling methods, including beating, funnel trap, and pitfall trap. Arthropods were surveyed in three walnut orchards located at Gimcheon, Buyeo, and Hwaseong in South Korea from May to September, 2016. A total of 408 arthropod species were identified from 4,372 individuals, and 63 species were collected in all study sites. The species richness was the highest in funnel trap, while the abundance was the highest in pitfall trap. The species composition of the insects collected by the beating method was more similar to that of the funnel trap than the pitfall trap. Although the distributions of the economically important pests were different according to the study sites, six species, including Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Gastrolina depressa, Lycorma delicatula, Metcalfa pruinosa, and Pochazia shantungensis, are the potentially important pests in walnut orchards. We also found a variety of predators and parasitoids, which will be important for walnut pest management.