• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.585-589
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• 2012

Background: Israeli Arabs are considered as a developing society characterized by poverty and high levels of smoking among men. The purpose of this study was to describe their incidence, mortality and survival rates for oral and pharyngeal cancer between the years 1970-2006. Studies such as this in the Arab world, where the population is almost the same as the Arab population in Israel, are rare. Methods: The incidence and survival data were derived from all relevant registered data at the National Cancer Registry. The group of lesions included cancer of the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, salivary glands, gums, palate and pharynx. Morphological description was according to WHO classification. Results: Most diagnosed patients were male. The mean age was 54.4 years, and mean years of survival were 3.83. The oropharynx was the most common site (28.3%) while the palate was the least frequent (3.12%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histological feature (66.3%), while basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the least (3.9%). The overall 5 years survival rate was 59.4%, this being highest for BCC (82.1%), while SCC was significantly lower (56.2%) (p<0.001). Lip cancers survived better than other sites. Conclusions: Data from this society are similar to other developing societies in the majority of the results. The incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer is lower among the Arab population, in comparison to the Jewish population in Israel.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2010

Backgrounds and Objects: Carcinoma of the tongue is the most common cancer of the oral cavity. A primary treatment strategy includes surgery and/or radiotherapy. Resection of the tongue often results in speech dysfunction, which depends on the site and extent of resection, type of reconstruction, and the mobility of remaining tongue. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of articulation errors that were resulted from the partial glossectomy without free flap reconstruction. Materials & Method : Articulation evaluations including speech intelligibility and percent of correct consonants (PCC) were performed for 24 patients who underwent partial glossectomy for their T1 or T2 tongue cancer. Mobility of the tongue, size of the resected tongue, and the history of adjuvant radiotherapy were analyzed for their relationship with the results of articulation evaluation. Results: Speech intelligibility score was $6.4{\pm}0.9$ (on 7-point scale) and overall PCC was 96.9%. There were close relationships between the size of resection and limitations in the tongue mobility, especially in "protrusion and elevation (r=-0.687)" and "retroflexion (r=-0.775)". Errors in "alveolar fricatives" and "palatal affricates" were also closely related with the size of resection (r=-0.537 and -0.538, respectively). PCC for "liquid sound" /r/ was 83.2%, which was closely related with the history of radiation therapy. Conclusion : Overall articulatory function was satisfactory in cases of early tongue cancer after partial glossectomy of a limited volume without flap reconstruction. However, the size of resection and the history of radiation therapy were closely related to the limitations in some types of tongue mobility and the resultant articulation errors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1765-1770
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• 2015

Background: Oral cancer presents with high mortality rates, and the likelihood of survival is remarkably superior when detected early. Health care providers, particularly dentists, play a critical role in early detection of oral cancers and should be knowledgeable and skillful in oral cancer diagnosis. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess the current knowledge of future Yemeni dentists and their opinions on oral cancer. Materials and Methods: A pretested self-administered questionnaire was distributed to fourth and fifth year dental students. Questions relating to knowledge of oral cancer, risk factors, and opinions on oral cancer prevention and practices were posed. Results: The response rate was 80%. The vast majority of students identified smoking and smokeless tobacco as the major risk factors for oral cancer. Most of the students (92.6%) knew that squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of oral cancer, and 85.3% were aware that tongue and floor of the mouth are the most likely sites. While the majority showed willingness to advise their patients on risk factors, only 40% felt adequately trained to provide such advice. More than 85% of students admitted that they need further information regarding oral cancer. As expected, students of the final year appeared slightly more knowledgeable regarding risk factors and clinical features of the disease. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that here is a need to reinforce the undergraduate dental curriculum with regards to oral cancer education, particularly in its prevention and early detection.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to examine the apoptotic effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A(PEA) in squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) 25 cells. Methods : Cell growth reduction and apoptosis induced by PEA were confirmed by WST-1 assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry analysis, and Western blot assay. Results : The PEA treatment decreased the cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner: control; $100{\pm}0^e$(p<0.01), 0.1875 nM; $87{\pm}4.36^d$(p<0.01), 0.375 nM; $82{\pm}0.58^d$(p<0.01), 0.75 nM; $72{\pm}1.67^c$(p<0.01), 1.5 nM; $51{\pm}1.53^{bc}$(p<0.01), 7.5 nM; $31{\pm}1.20^{ab}$(p<0.01), 15 nM; $26{\pm}0.67^a$(p<0.01), control; $100{\pm}0^a$(p<0.05), 24 h; $51{\pm}1.53^b$(p<0.05), 48 h; $16{\pm}0.5^c$(p<0.05), 72 h; $12{\pm}1.67^d$%(p<0.05). The PEA was observed on SCC 25 cells with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) value of 1.5 nM at 24 hours. The PEA treated SCC 25 cells demonstrated several types of apoptotic indications, such as nuclear condensation, the increase of sub G1, and the cleavage of PARP-1 and DFF 45. Conclusions : PEA showed anti-cancer activity against SCC 25 cells via apoptosis. PEA may potentially contribute to human oral cancer treatment.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease observed in approximately 0.5-2.2% of the population, and it is recognized as a premalignant lesion that can progress into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The rate of malignant transformation is approximately 1.09-2.3%, and the risk factors for malignant transformation are age, female, erosive type, and tongue site location. Malignant transformation of OLP is likely related to the low frequency of apoptotic phenomena. Therefore, apoptosis-related genetic factors, like p53, BCL-2, and BAX are reviewed. Increased p53 expression and altered expression of BCL-2 and BAX were observed in OLP patients, and the malignant transformation rate in these patients was relatively higher. The involvement of microRNA (miRNA) in the malignant transformation of OLP is also reviewed. Because autophagy is involved in cell survival and death through the regulation of various cellular processes, autophagy-related genetic factors may function as factors for malignant transformation. In OLP, decreased levels of ATG9B mRNA and a higher expression of IGF1 were observed, suggesting a reduction in cell death and autophagic response. Activated IGF1-PI3K/AKT/mTor cascade may play an important role in a signaling pathway related to the malignant transformation of OLP to OSCC. Recent research has shown that miRNAs, such as miR-199 and miR-122, activate the cascade, increasing the prosurvival and proproliferative signals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6059-6062
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• 2012

Regional cancer epidemiology is an important basis for determining the priorities for cancer control in different countries worldwide. There is no reliable information about the pattern of head and neck cancer in western Nepal and hence an attempt was here made to evaluate the situation based on hospital data, which provide the only source in the western region of Nepal. A clinicopathological analysis of head and neck cancers treated between 2003 and 2006 in Manipal Teaching Hospital affiliated to Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Western Development Region, Nepal was performed. A total of 105 head and neck cancer cases were identified with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The median ages of male and female patients were 62 and 64 years, respectively. Ninety-seven (92.4%) of the cancer patients were suffering from carcinoma, three (2.9%) had blastoma, three (2.9%) had sarcoma, and two (1.9%) had lymphoma. The majority (61.9%) of carcinoma cases were squamous cell carcinoma followed by anaplastic carcinoma (7.2%). Of the carcinoma cases, the most common site of primary lesion was larynx (19.6%), followed by the thyroid (14.4%), the tongue and hypopharynx with 10.3% cases each. Comparative analysis among males and females did not reveal any sex difference in type of head and neck cancers. The head and neck cancer pattern revealed by the present study provides valuable leads to cancer epidemiology in western Nepal and useful information for health planning and cancer control, and future research in western Nepal.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1978년도 제12차 학술대회연제 순서 및 초록
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• pp.6.2-6
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• 1978

Granular Cell Myoblastoma는 근육에 발생하는 극히 드문 종양으로 1931년 Ahrikossott 씨가 성대에서 발생한 것을 처음으로 보고 하였다. 호발부위는 설이며 그외 구강의 다른 부위나 후두, 기관에 생길 수 있다. 이 질환은 그 상부점막의 가성상피증식이 동반되는 수가 많으므로 악성종양으로 혼동되기 쉬운 점 때문에 임상적으로 중요하다. 저자들은 17세된 여자로서 3년간 계속된 사성을 주소로 내원하여 수술받은 성문하부의 granular cell myoblastoma 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 더불어 보고하는 바이다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.11
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• 2021

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most frequent type of head and neck cancer that usually arises from the mucosal surfaces of several organs including nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, and larynx. The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial mechanism for cellular maintenance and development. It regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway correlates with oncogenesis in various tissues including breast, colon, pancreatic as well as head and neck cancers. The present study aims to assess the gene alterations in the Wnt family of genes so as to derive an association with HNSCC. Computational approaches have been utilized for the identification of gene alterations in the Wnt family of genes. Several databases such as cBioportal, STRING, and UALCAN were used for the purpose. The frequency of alteration was high in case of Wnt family member 11 (5%). Gene amplification, deep deletions, missense and truncating mutations were observed in HNSCC patients. There was a marked difference in the gene expression profile of WNT11 between grades as well as normal samples. The survival probability measured using the Kaplan-Meier curve also presented with a significant difference among male and female subjects experiencing a low/medium level expression. The female patients showed less survival probability when compared to the male subjects. This provides the prognostic significance of the WNT11 gene in HNSCC. Taken together, the present study provides clues on the possible association of WNT11 gene alterations with HNSCC, which has to be further validated using experimental approaches.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.490-496
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• 2010

Introduction: This study examined the effect of a conservative neck dissection in patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients, who underwent a conservative neck dissection for the treatment of oral cancer from January 2002 to December 2007, were included. All procedures were performed by one oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The mean age was 58.2 years (range, 19 to 79 years). The medical recordings, pathologic findings, and radiographic findings were evaluated. The mean follow up period was 41.1 months (range, 4 to 88 months). Results: 1. Oral cancer was more common in men than women with a 3:1 ratio. 2. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma(83%) was the most prevalent oral cancer in this study. 3. The most common primary site was the tongue(6 cases, 25%) followed by the mouth floor (5 cases, 21%), buccal mucosa (3 cases, 13%), lower lip, mandible, palate (2 cases, respectively) and salivary gland, retromolar area, oropharynx, alveolus (1 case, each). 4. Three out of the 24 (13%) subjects had a recurrence at the primary sites. 5. Two out of 24 (8%) subjects had a distant metastasis. 6. All 24 patients survived and there were eleven patients who passed 5 years postoperatively. Conclusion: A conservative neck dissection is a reliable and effective method for controlling neck node metastases in patients with oral cancer of the N0 or N1 neck node without serious complications.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.267-275
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• 1993

1985년 3월부터 1990년 9월까지 구강암으로 진단받고 본원 치료방사선과에서 방사선치료를 시행하였던 85명의 환자에 대한 치료결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 이중 방사선 단독치료가 37예였고 수술후 방사선치료가 48예였다. 방사선치료 방법으로는 70예에서 $^{60}Co$와 전자선에 의한 외부방사선조사로만 시행하였고 조직내삽입 복합요법이 7예, oral cone추가사용이 8예였다. 전체환자중 설암이 40예로 가장 많았고 구강저부암이 17예, 구개암이 12예, 후구치삼각부암을 포함한 치육암이 10예, 구협암이 5예, 구순암이 1예였다. 병리소견상 편평상피세포암이 77예로 가장 많았으며, AJC TNM 병기에 의한 병기 I+II기는 28예였고 병기 III+IV기 환자의 3년생존율은 각각 $60.9\%$와 $23.1\%$였다. 예후인자에 대한 분석상 원발병소의 크기가 유의하였다(P<0.01). 기타 나이, 원발병소의 위치, 림프절 전이여부, 치료방법(수술여부), 조사선량, 종양세포의 조직학적 등급 등에 의한 생존율과 국소제어율의 차이는 통계학적으로 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 이중 치료방법에 따르면, 원발병소의 크기가 클수록, 혹은 림프절 전이여부를 막론하고 수술과 방사선 병용치료군에서 방사선 단독치료군보다 유의하지는 않았지만 더 높은 생존율을 보였다(p<0.1). 결론적으로 조기구강암에서는 방사선 단독치료가 수술과 방사선 병용치료에 비해 비슷한 치료성적을 보이면서도 특히 해부학적, 기능적 장애를 야기하는 수술에 비해 더 효과적이며 진행성구강암에서는 수술과 방사선 병용치료가 적절하다고 사료된다.반응율은 높으나 화학요법 및 방사선치료가 국소관해율 및 생존율의 향상으로는 연결되지는 않았다. 결론적으로 진행된 비인강암에서의 화학요법은 좀더많은 비교대조군 연구(controlled clinical trial)를 통해서만 역 할을 이야기할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. performance status(KPS), 침습부위, 수술적 제거여부 및 제거정도, 방사선치료선량, 방사선조사야, 화학요법 병행 여부에 따라 생존률을 분석한 결과 연령 (p=0.0121), KPS(p=0.0002), 조직학적 등급(P=0.0001), 수술적 제거 (p=0.0240)가 유의한 예후인자로 분석되었으며, 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 천막하병소가 천막상부 병소에 비해, 부분조사가 전뇌조사에 비해 높은 생존률을 보이는 매개변수로 분석되었다.련된 생존율에 영향을 주었던 인자로는 나이 (p<0.0291), 병기(p<0.0001), 전신상태(p<0.0041), 초기 혈색소 수치 (p<0.0001), 강내 조사(p<0.0004)였고, 조직학적 소견(p<0.29), 유도 화학요법과의 병행치료(p<0.87)는 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다..0093{\pm}0.0047)\;D^2+(13.31{\pm}7.309$) 였었다. 감마선에 대한 중성자선의 상대적 생물학적 효과비 (RBE)는 y=aD+$bD^2$+c를 다음과 같은 식으로 변형시켜 계산하였다. $$\frac{[-a{pm}\sqrt{a^2-4b\;(c-y}}]}{2{\times}6}$$ 미세핵 발생빈도가 세포당 0.05와 0.8사이에서의 중성자선의 상대적 생물학적 효과비는 $2.37{\pm}0.