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http://dx.doi.org/10.11620/IJOB.2020.45.1.1

Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and related genetic factors  

Hwang, Eurim C. (Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
Choi, Se-Young (Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
Kim, Jeong Hee (Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University)
Publication Information
International Journal of Oral Biology / v.45, no.1, 2020 , pp. 1-7 More about this Journal
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease observed in approximately 0.5-2.2% of the population, and it is recognized as a premalignant lesion that can progress into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The rate of malignant transformation is approximately 1.09-2.3%, and the risk factors for malignant transformation are age, female, erosive type, and tongue site location. Malignant transformation of OLP is likely related to the low frequency of apoptotic phenomena. Therefore, apoptosis-related genetic factors, like p53, BCL-2, and BAX are reviewed. Increased p53 expression and altered expression of BCL-2 and BAX were observed in OLP patients, and the malignant transformation rate in these patients was relatively higher. The involvement of microRNA (miRNA) in the malignant transformation of OLP is also reviewed. Because autophagy is involved in cell survival and death through the regulation of various cellular processes, autophagy-related genetic factors may function as factors for malignant transformation. In OLP, decreased levels of ATG9B mRNA and a higher expression of IGF1 were observed, suggesting a reduction in cell death and autophagic response. Activated IGF1-PI3K/AKT/mTor cascade may play an important role in a signaling pathway related to the malignant transformation of OLP to OSCC. Recent research has shown that miRNAs, such as miR-199 and miR-122, activate the cascade, increasing the prosurvival and proproliferative signals.
Keywords
Oral lichen planus; Malignant transformation; Apoptosis and autophagy;
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