• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

Aberrations on the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p) are frequently observed in several human cancers. In this study, 20 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) specimens from the tongue were examined in order to evaluate the role of 8p in SCC of the tongue. Microsatellite analysis using 14 markers demonstrated two commonly deleted regions (CDRs) on 8p. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed frequent down-regulation of the FEZ1 gene, mapped to 8p22, and frequent over-expression of the cathepsin B gene, mapped to 8p-21-22. These results suggested that genetic aberrations are involved in the development of SCC of the tongue. However, no significant relationship was observed to be established between the genetic alterations and clinicopathological features. Thus, further investigation is necessary in order to clarify the clinical role of 8p in carcinoma of the tongue.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of an oral exercise program including whole-body exercises on oral function in older people. Methods: The participants (aged ≥65 years) were divided into three groups: intervention group I (only oral exercise), intervention group II (oral exercise with whole-body exercises), and control group (no intervention). The oral health status, saliva flow rate, and oral muscle strength were evaluated. Analyses were performed to compare the three groups and identify the changes in the aforementioned parameters before and after the program. Results: The saliva flow rate significantly increased in intervention groups I and II after the program. Oral muscle strength evaluation using the Iow a oral performance instrument showed that the anterior tongue strength increased significantly in intervention group I; the posterior tongue strength and cheek strength also increased but not significantly. The anterior tongue, posterior tongue, and cheek strengths significantly increased in intervention group II. Conclusions: The oral exercise program including whole-body exercises showed positive effects on the saliva flow rate and oral strength. No significant differences were observed in the quality of life related to oral health.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.315-322
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• 2003

Background : Important factors to determine treatment method and prognosis of oral cancer are anatomical site, tumor size, metastatic lesion, histologic cell differenciation and microvascular invasion. Anatomical site has great effect to oral cancer patient's survival rate because each site's accessibility and lymph node metastasis is different but this factor was't studied much than other factors. Patients and Methods : 228 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of common primary sites(Mandible, Maxilla, Floor of Mouth and Tongue) in oral cavity who were diagnosed in the Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 1989 to December 1999, were clinically studied and analyzed on survival rate. Results : 1. Survival rates of each anatomical sites were Tongue(36.8%), Mandible(33.3%), Maxilla(28.7%) and Floor of Mouth(24.5%). Survival rates difference between Tongue and Floor of Mouth has significance(p<0.05). 2. Survival rates for early cancer of each site were Maxilla(100%), Mandible(57.1%), Tongue(54.2%) and Floor of Mouth(46.7%). Survival rates difference between Maxilla and Floor of Mouth has significance(p<0.05). 3. Survival rates by surgery method of each site were Maxilla(60.6%), Tongue(56.9%), Mandible(44.8%) and Floor of Mouth(26.3%). Survival rates difference between Maxilla and Floor of Mouth has significance(p<0.05). 4. Survival rates by radiation or chemo method of each site were Floor of Mouth(23.5%), Mandible(20.0%), Maxilla(9.5%), and Tongue(9.1%). Survival rates difference between each site doesn't have significance(p>0.05). 5. In advance stage, Survival rates by single therapy of each site were Tongue(33.6%), Mandible(23.5%), Floor of Mouth(16.7%), Maxilla(0%), and Survival rates difference between Maxilla and Tongue has significance (p<0.05). Survival rates by combination therapy of each site were Mandible(38.1%), Maxilla(30.0%), Floor of mouth(18.2%), Tongue(12.5%), and Survival rates difference between Mandible and Tongue has significance(p<0.05). Conclusion : Survival rate of tongue is higher than the other sites, early detection of oral cancer can increase survival rate at any site and combination therapy is the most effetive method, especially at maxilla.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was aimed at measuring the changes in the hyoid bone position, tongue position, and pharyngeal airway space in subjects with mandibular setback osteotomies. Methods : Twenty patients were evaluated retrospectively for their changes in pharyngeal airway space, tongue and hyoid bone positions. All patients underwent surgical mandibular setback using bilateral sagittal split osteotomies. The cephalometric analysis was performed preoperatively, and 1 week, 3-6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Result : The hyoid bone moved inferiorly and posteriorly immediately after surgery, and it returned to the preoperative position during follow-up period. The nasopharyngeal airway space was not significantly changed after surgery. A considerable decrease in the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway spaces following mandibular setback surgery was found. The upper and lower tongue was posteriorly repositioned immediately after surgery. During follow-up period, the hypopharyngeal airway space and lower tongue posture returned to the preoperative positions, but the oropharyngeal airway space and upper tongue posture were not significantly changed. The position of pogonion remarkably changed to backward immediately after surgery, but slightly anterior advancement was found during follow-up period. Conclusion : Immediately after mandibular setback surgery, the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway spaces obviously decreased due to posterior and inferior repositions of the tongue and hyoid bone. During follow-up period, lower tongue and hyoid bone returned to the preoperative positions, it was related to advancement of the pogonion in this period. The narrowing of the oropharyngeal airway space and posterior movement of the upper tongue posture were relatively permanent after mandibular setback surgery. We suspected this phenomenon had an influence on maintaining the total volume of oral cavity against mandibular setback.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality type and oral hygiene controllability. Methods: Four hundred eighty-two college students in Gyeonggi-do completed the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) and a questionnaire and collected data were analyzed by SAS 9.2 program. Results: Compared to extroverted subjects, a significantly increased percentage of introverted subjects demonstrated oral malodor and stress (p<0.05). Tongue coating and stress seemed to occur the most frequently in intuition-feeling (NF) type, while oral malodor seemed to occur the most frequently in sensation-feeling (SF) type among four fuctional types. Tongue coating and stress seemed to occur the most frequently in NF type, while oral malodor seemed to occur the most frequently in sensation-perceiving (SP) type among four temperaments. Significantly increased mean scales of tongue scraping index and oral hygiene controllability index were found for extroverts (p<0.05). Mean scales of tooth brushing index and oral hygiene controllability index appeared to be the highest in NF type among four fuctional types. Mean scales of tongue scraping index and oral hygiene controllability index appeared to be the highest in sensation-judging (SJ) type among four temperaments. Conclusions: Oral hygiene controllability was associated with personality type and it is necessary to develop oral health education program considering personality type.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.156-166
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the tongue's maximum resistance training program on the accuracy of the tongue training program using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) and to compare the effects of tongue muscle strength and spoken language function on objective function. The experiment was diagnosed with stroke hemiplegia divided into tongue pressure strength and accuracy training therapy group and the oromotor exercise therapy group Anterior Tongue Pressure(ATP), Posterior Tongue Pressure (PTP), and Posterior Tongue Pressure (PTP) were measured before and after the intervention to evaluate changes in tongue strength and verbal ability. Maximum Phonation Time (MPT). The results of this study are as follows. There was no significant difference in tongue strength and verbal function between training group and oral facial exercise group. There was no significant difference between tongue strength training and oral facial exercise group. Therefore, it was shown that the tongue pressure strength and accuracy training therapy group was not effective to improve tongue muscle strength and spoken language ability than the oromotor exercise therapy group.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1995

The poor survival rates of patients with carcinoma of a tongue, despite of modern therapy, is well recognized. One of the most important prognostic factors is status of the cervical lymph nodes. There have been a long-standing debate about the treatment of cervical lymph nodes in early-stage tongue cancer. There are two major treatment opinion. The one is surgical excision of primary tumor with prophylactic neck dissection, simultaneously, and the other is to delay the cervical therapy until cervical lymph node is palpable. Recently we have experienced the early cervical metastasis in three patients who had been diagnosed as a carcinoma of the tongue. They were T1, T2 lesion and no palpable node was found. But histopathologic examination showed the occult metastasis or delayed cervical metastasis was occured. By the review of literature and clinical experience, we could conclude the prophylactic neck dissection offers a better chance for success than therapeutic neck dissection of palpable lymph nodes, in case of oral tongue cancer.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

This study was designed to evaluate the pain characteristics of tension-type headache by the tongue ridge. Patients with tension-type headache visited the Department of Oral Medicine, K University Dental Hospital were recruited to this study. Experimental group(n=65) was composed of tension-type headache with the tongue ridge and control group(n=65) was composed of tension-type headache without the tongue ridge. Evaluation list was pain quality, pain intensity, pain laterality, pain increase by routine physical activity and then it was analyzed statistically. The results were as follows: 1. Pain quality of tension-type headache patient was significantly different by the tongue ridge(p=0.049). 2. Pain intensity of tension-type headache patient was significantly different by the tongue ridge(p=0.010). 3. Pain laterality of tension-type headache patient was not significantly different by the tongue ridge. 4. Pain increase by routine physical activity of tension-type headache patient was not significantly different by the tongue ridge. Therefore, it was considered that the tension-type headache patient was influenced by the tongue ridge in the pain quality and pain intensity.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2013

Hairy tongue is a disease caused by hypertrophy of filiform papillae on the tongue dorsum. Clinically, it occurs on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue dorsum and is rarely observed on the lateral and tip of the tongue. Several types of colored pigmentation from white to brown and black appear depending on the ingested food and the existing pigmentation inducing bacteria. Although clinically asymptomatic, patients will visit the clinic for esthetic problems and at rare intervals experience nausea, halitosis, dysgeusia and unpleasant sensation. The exact etiology is yet not known but causes such as inappropriate oral hygiene control, a shift in oral bacterium, infection, radiotherapy, use of antibacterial drugs or immunosuppressants, excessive smoking or alcohol drinking and decrease of salivary flow rate may be a factor of the disease. Clinical symptoms are quite typical and diagnosis may be made simply by observation, not necessarily biopsy. Treatment of hairy tongue is done by eliminating the etiology factors, brushing the tongue gently with a tongue cleaner and in some cases using keratolytic agent. Although it is rare to treat hairy tongue surgically, we will introduce a case successfully treated using carbondioxide laser($CO_2$ laser), after no sufficient improvement had been made by conservative treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5061-5065
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• 2013

Background: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common cancer diagnosed within the oral cavity worldwide. Many studies in India report OTSCC ranking among the top two most common subsites within the oral cavity. India is often labeled the oral cancer capital of the world. The incidence of tongue cancers in the population-based cancer registry (PBCR) of Chennai is showing an increasing trend. A majority of the oral cavity cancers (85%) in our cancer center present in advanced stages (III and IV). In contrast, early tongue cancers (stages I and II) constitute nearly 45% of all OTSCCs. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical profile and epidemiological trends in our early stage tongue cancer patients with an emphasis on tobacco and alcohol habits. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis was based on a prospectively collected database of 458 consecutive early stage OTSCC in-patients at a tertiary care oncology centre in Chennai between 1995 and 2008. Results: Our study suggests that the earlier trends have clearly changed whereby nearly half of our patients are now never-tobacco users. The findings of the study indicate that a majority of the patients were never alcohol users (86.4%) and nearly half of them were never tobacco users (49.3%), and they had the best survival outcomes. This increasing trend of OTSCC among non-tobacco users is in contrast to our earlier experience of tongue cancer more than five decades ago.The median age of patients in our study was 53.3 years; the male to female ratio was approximately 2:1. The median follow up for the 458 patients was 53 months. Conclusions: Our study importantly as well as interestingly shows a conspicuous absence of association with the traditional risk factors, tobacco and alcohol.