• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-80
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• 1998

In this article are proposed a theory of the French syllable and a rule of French liaison within the dependency phonology framework. The treatment offered assumes that the notion of 'floating' or 'extrametrical' segment allows for a better description than competing alternatives based on truncation or insertion. This rule was based on the consequences of positing floating segments for the structure of lexical entries and underlying phonological representations. I have described the phenomenon of French liaison and shown that insights normally associated with metrical and 'autosegmental' accounts could naturally be integrated within the syllable structure.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2011

Association rule represents the relationship between items in a massive database by quantifying their relationship, and is used most frequently in data mining techniques. In general, association rule technique generates the rule, 'If A, then B.', whereas negative association rule technique generates the rule, 'If A, then not B.', or 'If not A, then B.'. We can determine whether we promote other products in addition to promote its products only if we add negative association rules to existing association rules. In this paper, we proposed the negatively pure association rules by negatively pure support, negatively pure confidence, and negatively pure lift to overcome the problems faced by negative association rule technique. In checking the usefulness of this technique through numerical examples, we could find the direction of association by the sign of the negatively pure association rule measure.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.123-144
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• 2010

As knowledge becomes a critical success factor of companies nowadays, lots of rule-based systems have been and are being developed to support their activities. Large number of rule-based systems serve as Web sites to advise, or recommend their customers. They usually use a backward chaining inference algorithm based on backtrack to implement those interactive Web-enabled rule-based systems. However, when the users like customers are using these systems interactively, it happens frequently where the users do not know some of the answers for the questions from the rule-based systems. We are going to design a backward chaining inference methodology considering unknown facts based on backtrack technique. Firstly, we review exact and inexact reasoning. After that, we develop a backward chaining inference algorithm for exact reasoning based on backtrack, and then, extend the algorithm so that it can consider unknown facts and reduce its search space. The algorithm speeded-up inference and decreased interaction time with users by eliminating unnecessary questions and answers. We expect that the Web-enabled rule-based systems implemented by our methodology would improve users' satisfaction and make companies' competitiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 1993

While the rules for an expert system are obtained through the interviewing with domain experts or by designer's own experience, these are not adequate for fuzzy controllers dealing quantitative control values. In this paper, by considering a state of the controlled system as a pattern, we propose a method to obtain the control rules by a statistical method. Namely, we propose a method to obtain the control rules by a statistical method. Namely, we propose an rule acquisition method that is objective, mechanical, and inductive inference using a cluster-seeking algorithm, or K-means clustering algorithm. To validate this study, we show an example of an IRIS control in a CAMCODER and analyse the rules acquired from 98 sample patterns consisting of 45 features.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.329-337
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• 2007

Case-based reasoning (CBR) methods are applied to various target problems on the supposition that previous cases are sufficiently similar to current target problems, and the results of previous similar cases support the same result consistently. However, these assumptions are not applicable for some target cases. There are some target cases that have no sufficiently similar cases, or if they have, the results of these previous cases are inconsistent. That is, the appropriateness of CBR is different for each target case, even though they are problems in the same domain. Thus, applying CBR to whole datasets in a domain is not reasonable. This paper presents a new hybrid datamining technique called two-step filtering CBR and Rule Induction (TSFCR), which dynamically selects either CBR or RI for each target case, taking into consideration similarities and consistencies of previous cases. We apply this method to three medical diagnosis datasets and one credit analysis dataset in order to demonstrate that TSFCR outperforms the genuine CBR and RI.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 2002

In this paper we introduce formulae for estimating the failure rate of a large scaled software by using the Bayesian rule when a black-box random testing which selects an element(test case) at random with equally likely probability, is performed. A program or software can be treated as a mathematical function with a well-defined (input)domain and range. For a large scaled software, their input domains can be partitioned into multiple subdomains and exhaustive testing is not generally practical. Testing is proceeding with selecting a subdomain, and then picking a test case from within the selected subdomain. Whether or not the proportion of selecting one of the subdomains is assumed probability, we developed the formulae either case by using Bayesian rule with gamma distribution as a prior distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1040-1048
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• 1987

We propose a hardware architecture called Multiring which is applicable for various geometrical operations on rectilinear objects such as design rule checking in VLSI layout and many image processing operations including noise suppression and coutour extraction. It has both a fast execution speed and extremely high flexibility. The whole architecture is mainly divided into four parts` I/O between host and Multiring, ring memory, linear processor array and instruction decoder. Data transmission between host and Multiring is bit serial thereby reducing the bandwidth requirement for teh channel and the number of external pins, while each row data in the bit map stored in ring memory is processed in the corresponding processor in full parallelism. Each processor is simultaneously configured by the instruction decoder/controller to perform one of the 16 basic instructions such as Boolean (AND, OR, NOT, and Copy), geometrical(Expand and Shrink), and I/O operations each ring cycle, which gives Multiring maximal flexibility in terms of design rule change or the instruction set enhancement. Correct functional behavior of Multiring was confirmed by successfully running a software simulator having one-to-one structural correspondence to the Multiring hardware.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.29-39
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• 1992

We investigate a systematic design procedure of automatic rule generation of fuzzy logic based controllers for highly nonlinear dynamic systems such as an engine dynamic modle. By "automatic rule generation" we mean autonomous clustering or collection of such meaningful transitional relations from one conditional subspace to another. During the design procedure, we also consider optimaly control strategies such as minimum squared error, near minimum time, minimum energy or combined performance critiera. Fuzzy feedback control systems designed by our method have the properties of closed-loop stability, robustness under parameter variabitions, and a certain degree of optimality. Most of all, the main advantage of the proposed approach is that reliability can be potentially increased even if a large grain of uncertainty is involved within the control system under consideration. A numerical example is shown in which we apply our strategic fuzzy controller dwsign to a highly nonlinear model of engine idling speed control.d control.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.173-186
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• 2010

This article is about the study on construction contractors in Daegu during the Japanese Colonial Rule. The first construction contractors who involved with Kyong-bu railroad work in 1904 personally. But, after they go through the bidding method, changed by the Japanese Government General of Korea in 1922, and the second bid rigging in 1932, contractors was changed gradually the organization into unlimited partnership, limited partnership or stock corporation. The number of them was increased. Most contractors were Japanese, and organized a limited partnership which has been capitalized at 30,000 won. On the other hand, Korean contractors couldn't work at an important part, except for the personal activities of Youngsil Lee(李永實). They were usually employed as consultants or field deputies by Japanese contractors. After the Liberation, Japanese construction contractors returned to Japan, however Tatuoka-kumi(龍岡組), Yasiro-kumi(屋代組) and Sakano-kumi(坂野組) that was leading the business which were took over by Koreans. They were leading architecture field in Daegu.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-4
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• 1962

A district (Sae-Bong) and 13 district (Sae-Jang Dong) grassland could be divided into four type of Community: Miscanthus-Community, Glyceria-Community, Festuca-Community, and Plantago-Community. Chose 17 or 20 stands from each district A and B and calculated F.I. with the Curtis method, finally vegetational continuum could be recognized while discontinuous boundary line of species distribution could not be recognized. As a rule the distributional curve of species was binominal or bell shaped. It had a distribution pattern peculiar to itself. As to the relationship of cattles' density and vegetation. I found that the tendency of F.I. moving from small to large paralleled that of disturbance-pressure from weak to strong. Found that the more the steepness of environmental factors be controlled by a rule " from large to small", the more F.I. might be controlled by a rule "from small to large" and that pH, soil-moisture-content, loss on ignition was in relation with the steepness. with the steepness.