• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.767-776
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate key properties of the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFI) ie, levels of key chemicals (carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds as well as phenolic acid) and its antioxidative potential, depending on where the plant had been cultivated in Korea. The levels of flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds in OFI were 55.45~65.32 mg (+)-catechin/g and 149.00~181.15 mg gallic acid/g, respectively. Protocatechuic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in the ON1 and ON2 (161.90 and $196.25{\mu}g/g$ DW (dry weight)). Nineteen flavonoids were identified and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS in cladodes from OFI. Narcissin was the most abundant flavonoid in all of the samples ($1,241.89{\sim}1,775.10{\mu}g/g$ DW). Capxanthin and zeaxanthin were the most abundant carotenoids in OFI (64.88~128.08 and $48.10{\sim}93.82{\mu}g/g$ DW). The level of DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities in OFI were 10.78~25.35 and 16.85~34.16 mg AA eq/100 g, respectively. OFI by cultivar has different kind of phenolic acid, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Therefore, dietary intake of cladodes from OFI may be helpful for improving human health.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.788-798
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• 2009

Objective : This study was undertaken to investigate effects of Opuntia ficus-indica (OP)extract on an asthma murine model. Methods : The total number of cells and eosinophils in BALF and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into lung tissues were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results : The number of OVA-induced total cells and eosinophils, a phenomenon of asthma, were decreased by treatment of the animals with OP extract (200 mg/kg) (respectively, p < 0.001 and p<0.01). Furthermore, we showed that OP extract reduced the increased immune cell infiltration induced by ovalbumin (p < 0.01). The levels of interleukin (IL)-4 in BAL fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, because the eosinophilia is associated with a T helper (Th) 2 response including IL-4. The level of OVA-induced IL-4 was decreased by OP extract in BAL fluid (p < 0.05). We investigated whether OP extract reduced nitrite (NO) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 sells, because asthma is an inflammatory disease. The level of LPS-induced NO production was decreased by OP extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/ml) on RAW 264.7 cells (respectively, p < 0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05). Conclusions : Our results indicate that OP extract has an inhibitory effect on lung eosinophilia of asthma and suggest that OP extract is a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of inflammatory disease, including asthma.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2007

Four strains of water mold, ChS-E0511, RaT-E0511, RaT-A0512 and MaS-F0512, were isolated from salmonid fish and/or their eggs taken from culture farms in Yangyang, Milyang and Pyeongchang, Korea in 2005. Descriptions of their morphological aspects, the results of the phylogenetic analysis conducted, and the sequence of the small sub-unit 18S rRNAs of the isolates confirmed that they all belong to the species Saprolegnia parasitica. Only one species, ChS-E0511, which was isolated from fertilized eggs of the chum salmon, was classified as part of the S. parasiticaGroup 1 according to its oogonia and gemmae production. The chemotherapeutic effects of various chemicals on the ChS-E0511 strain were assessed from the inhibitory effects of growth in GY media and the relative ratio of eyed eggs to fertilized eggs of the rainbow trout. Malchite green, a prohibited substance in food animals, was better than others, such as the Opuntia ficus-indicaextract, 2-bronopol, and sodium chloride. These results suggest that the fungi isolated from salmonids and/or their eggs identified as S. parasitica were composed of more than two groups. These isolates will be useful in an intensive evaluation of therapeutic agents.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.444-453
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• 2014

In this paper, we made sausages which included 1% black garlic extracts at $15^{\circ}Bx$ mixed with 0.3% dried powders of Curcuma longa L. (ST1), Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (ST2), Asparagus ocinals L. (ST3) and Aloe vera (ST4), respectively, and evaluated the quality of the sausage by instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation. The sausages were stored at $8^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. In terms of color intensity, ST2 provided the highest lightness (L) and redness (a), while the yellowness (b) was the highest in ST3. In the initial duration, the control group of sausage showed the highest texture measurement. ST4 had the lowest pH level (highest acidity). These outcomes decreased as the storage time became longer. In the initial storage duration, the ST4 had the highest total sugar content ($17.64{\pm}0.92mg/100g$), and this increased with longer storage duration. Since the contents of TBARS for the proposed sausages had been incremented, the initial contents were generally lower than those of the control sausages. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was performed as $89.11{\pm}0.66{\sim}99.22{\pm}0.09%$ at the $1000{\mu}g/mL$ level during the initial day of storage. To conclude, the sausages supplemented the black garlic with the proposed dried powders have a high chance of being a suitable commercial product for both customs and marketing eld.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the effect of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten) extracts on the intestinal bacteria, antioxidative activity and angiotensin -I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity. The antimicrobial activities were measured using the 96well-plate method and disc plate method with concentration of 20mg of cactus extract. The stem extract of cactus was inhibitory against Eubacterium limosum, Clostridium perfringens, C. butyricum, C. difficile and Staphylococcus aureus, but was not inhibitory against Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilis, Streptococcus thermophilus. The fruit extract of cactus showed no inhibition against Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilis, and Streptococcus thermophilis. Their inhibitory activities were not reduced after heat and pH treatment. Antioxidative effects of cactus extracts showed high total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and high activity against free radical DPPH. The stem and fruit extract of cactus showed strong ACE inhibitory activities of 88.8% and 69.2%, respectively. In conclusion cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten) extract might be utilized as a functional food material to control intestinal microflora.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2003

Opuntia ficus-indicavar. saboten Makino (Cactaceae) is a tropical or subtropical plant that has been widely used as folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, burn, edema and gastritis. The purposes of the present study were to identify antioxidant constituents from fruits and stems of the plant cultivated in Cheju island, Korea, and examine their in vitro neuroprotective activities. Using a chromatographic fractionation method, ten chemical constituents were isolated from ethyl acetate extracts. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods, those were identified as eight flavonoids such as kaempherol (a), quercetin (b), kaempferol 3-methyl ether (c), quercetin 3-methyl ether (d), narcissin (e), dihydrokaernpferol (f), dihydroquercetin (g) and erioclictyol (h), and two terpenoids such as 3-oxo-${\alpha}$-ionol-${\beta}$-d-glucopyranoside (i) and roseoside (j). Among the isolated compounds, comrounds c~e and h~j were those reported for the first titre from the plant. Compounds b, d and g showed DPPH free radical scavenging activities with IC$\sub$50/ values of 28, 19 and 31, ${\mu}$M respectively. Compounds d and g also inhibited iron-dependent lipid peroxidation with IC$\sub$50/ values of 2.4 and 3.5 ${\mu}$M. In a primary rat cortical neuronal cell culture system, compounds b, d and g inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 18.2, 2.1 and 54.6 ${\mu}$M) and H$_2$O$_2$-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 13.6, 1.9 and 25.7 ${\mu}$M) cytotoxicities. In addition, compounds d and g inhibited NMDA-induced excitotoxicity by 21 and 33%, and only compound d inhibited growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis by 31% at a tested concentration of 3 ${\mu}$M. The results suggest that the antioxidant constituents with in vitroneuroprotective activities may serve as lead chemicals for the development of neuroprotective agent.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2009

In fresh water fish hatcheries and farms, Saprolegniales often cause serious mortality to the fish and their eggs. Malachite green is an effective antifungal agent, but is carcinogenic to fish and humans. Alternative antifungal agents are needed. Presently, we tested various concentrations of MBT-01108 (Opuntia ficus-indica extracts) alone and in combination with bronopol, formalin and sodium chloride (MBT-01108 mixture) on in vitro mycelial growth and in vivo remediation of adult eel, Anguilla japonica, infected with Saprolegnia sp. and fertilized eggs of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, to evaluate the compounds' antifungal efficacy on eyed-egg and hatching rates. MBT-Oll08 mixtures incorporating bronopol and formalin at respective concentrations of 50 and 30 parts per million (ppm), and 100 and 20 ppm were most effective in controlling Saprolegnia in vitro and in vivo (P<0.05). Repeated daily exposures to 50 ppm and 100 ppm MBT-01108 were more effective than exposure every 2-3 days post-fertilization for the inhibition of Saprolegnia infection of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs as compared with control (0 ppm).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.142.2-142
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• 2003

손바닥 선인장(Opuntia ficus indica)은 중심자목 선인장과에 속하는 다년생 초본으로 열매는 서양배 모양이며 많은 종자가 들어있고 다량의 점질물을 함유하고 있다. 손바닥 선인장 열매(prickly pear pulp)는 14.5%의 고형분 함량을 가지고 있으며, 0.21%의 단백질, 0.12%의 지방, 0.44%의 회분, 0.19%의 pectin 이외에 미량의 비타민 A와 C 그리고 여러 종류의 무기질을 포함하고 있다. 주요 당류로서 sucrose(68.7%), fructose(18.0%) 및 glucose(12.8%)를 함유하고 있으며, 점질다당류의 구성분인 mannose 가 0.5% 포함되어 있다. 손바닥 선인장 열매는 높은 혈중 콜레스테롤, 염증 및 비만 등의 치료에 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 손바닥 선인장 열매 추출물의 기능적 특성을 반응표면분석에 의해 모니터링 하였다. 그 결과 환원당 함량은 최대값이 33.39 mg%로 추출온도 69.87$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 68.84 min및 시료에 대한 용매비 16.29 ml/g일 때였다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 추출온도 89.7$0^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 170 min 및 시료에 대한 용매비 17.07 ml/g일 때 2,03 mg%로 최대값을 나타내었다. 펙틴 함량은 추출온도 96.54$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 135.28 min및 시료에 대한 용매비 20.02 nWg일 때 최대값 82.04 mg%를 나타내었으며, 비타민 C 함량은 추출온도 61.8$0^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 101.98 min 및 시료에 대한 용매비 12.14 ml/g일 때 최대값이 3.76 mg%였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.175-192
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• 1988

The coastal vegetation of the southwestern coast of Korea was surveyed by the Braun-Blnquet's phytosociological sKDICe and its soil properties were also determined. Comparing with the coastal vegetation of Korea, Japan and Europe, the vegetation of this area could be classified into as follows; A. Thero-Salicornietea R. Tx. 1954(Salicor-nietum herbaceae assoc. nov.). B. Thero-Suaedetea Rivas Martwez 1979 (Suaedetum japonicae Miyawaki et Ohba 1966, Suaeda maritima commuity, Atriplici-Suaedetum maritimi Miyawaki et Ohba 1965, Suaeda asparagoided community) C. Asteretea tripolium Westhoff et Beeftink 1962 (Zoysietum sinice Ohba, Miyawaki et Tx. 1973, Limonietum tetragoni Miyawaki et Ohba 1969, Artemisietum scopariae assoc. nov., Aster tripolium community, Atriplex, gmelini community) D. Phragmitetea Tx. et Prsg. 1942 (Triglochietum maritimae assoc. nov., Carcetum scabrifoliae Miyawaki et Ohba 1969, phragmites communis community, Pyaceluretum latifolii Miyawaki et Okuda 1972, Scirpus fluviatilis community) E. Salsoletea komarovil Ohba, Miyawaki et Tx. 1973(Salsola komarovi community) F. Glehnietea littoralis ohba, Miyawaki et Tx. 1973(Caricetum pumilae assoc. nov., Meserschmidia sibirica community, Lysimachia mauri-tiana community Ishaemum anthephoroides community, Elymus mollis commuity, carex kobomugi community, Ixeris repens community) G. Viticetea rotundifoliae Ohba, Miyawaki et Tx. 1973 (Imperato cylindricae-Viticetum rotundifoliae ohba, Miyawaki ex Tx. 1973) and Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten community. Among the soil properties, water potential seems to be one fo the most important factor on the distribution of the coastal plant community and it might be highly affected by water content in sand and salinity in low marsh.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.506-510
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• 1996

The stability of prickly pear color as affected by pH, metal ions, sugar and acids was studied. The color of prickly pear was most stable at pH 4 and 5. Metal ions (Fe, Cu) at a level of 100 ppm caused a decrease in stability compared to that of the control, whereas pigment of prickly pear was stable at 100 ppm of Sn ion And the color of prickly pear was stable at 0.15 M fructose. Both 100 and 500 ppm ascorbic acid had the greatest effect on stability, while citric acid, phosphoric acid and tartaric acid had no effect on stability compared to that of the control. Based on the data presented, it was concluded that under selected conditions prickly pear pigment should find application as natural food colorants.