• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2002

This study investigates experimentally into the design factors and quality variations having an effect on the properties of the combined high flowing concrete to be poured in the slurry wall of Inchon LNG in-ground receiving terminal. Especially, high belite cement and lime stone powder as cementitious materials and viscosity agent in order to improve self-compaction and hydration heat are used in this study. Water-cement ratio(W/C), fine aggregate volume ratio(Sr) and coarse aggregate volume ratio(Gv) as design factors of the combined high flowing concrete are applied to determine the optimum mix design proportion. Also quality variations for sensitivity test are selected items as followings. (1)Surface moisture(5cases) and (2)Fineness modulus of fine aggregate(5cases), (3)Concrete temperature(3cases), (4)Specific surface(3cases) and particle size of lime stone powder. As experimental results, water-cement ratio, fine and coarse aggregate volume ratio are shown as the optimum range 51%, 43% and 53% separately considering site condition of slurry wall. Also quality factors by sensitivity test should be controlled in the following ranges. (1) Surface moisture :to.67% and (2)Fineness modulus 2.6$\pm$0.2 of fine aggregate, (3)Concrete temperature l0-20t, (4) Specific surface 6,000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g and particle size 9.7$\pm$1.0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of lime stone powder. Based on the results of this study, the optimum mix design proportion of the combined high flowing concrete are selected and poured successfully in the slurry wall of LNG in-ground tank.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.373-380
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• 2004

The production of sweet (su) and super sweet corns (sh2) has been economically feasible in Korea in recent years. Major factors limiting super sweet corn production are low germination and low seedling vigor. Since seed quality is closely related to seed maturity, the optimum harvest time for the seed production of sweet and super sweet corns was studied and the quality of seeds with varying maturities was investigated in 2001 and 2002 cropping seasons. The parents of the sweet corn seeds were Hybrid Early Sunglow and 'Golden Cross Bantam 70' and those of super sweet corn were Xtrasweet 82 and 'For­tune'. Seeds were harvested at 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days after silking (DAS). As the seeds developed, seed weight of sweet corn increased and the seed moisture content decreased faster than that of super sweet corn. Germination rates of sweet corn seeds harvested 21 and 28 DAS at $25^{\circ}C$ and emergence rates in the cold soil test were significantly lower than those of seeds harvested after 42 DAS in both years. Although the germination rates of super sweet corn seeds with varying maturities showed similar patterns as sweet corn seeds at $25^{\circ}C$, the emergence rate of super sweet corn seeds in cold soil test continuously increased with seed maturity. This suggests that seed quality of super sweet corn should be tested in a cold soil test to estimate field emergence. As the seeds developed, leakage of total sugars and electrolytes from the both sweet and super sweet corn seeds decreased up to 42 or 49 DAS. The $\alpha-amylase$ activities of both sweet and super sweet corn seeds increased with seed maturity from 21 to 35 or 49 DAS depending on genotype and year. The optimum harvest time for the seed production of sweet corn was 42 DAS and 49 DAS for super sweet corn considering emergence rate and plumule dry weight in the cold soil test, leakage of sugars and electrolytes from the seeds, and $\alpha-amylase$ activity.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.72-79
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• 2000

On the other hand, the fiber orientation at the surface and middle layer of the sheet controls the bending stiffness of paperboard. Therefore, a reliable measurement of paper surface fiber orientation gives us a magnificent tool to investigate and predict paper curling and cockling tendency, and provides the necessary information to fine-tune the manufacturing process for optimum quality. Many papers, especially heavily calendered and coated grades, do resist liquid and gas penetration very much, being beyond the measurement range of the traditional instruments or resulting inconveniently long measuring time per sample. The increased surface hardness and use of filler minerals and mechanical pulp make a reliable, non-leaking sample contact to the measurement head a challenge of its own. Paper surface coating causes, as expected, a layer which has completely different permeability characteristics compared to the other layers of the sheet. The latest developments in sensor technologies have made it possible to reliably measure gas flow n well controlled conditions, allowing us to investigate the gas penetration of open structures, such as cigarette paper, tissue or sack paper, and in the low permeability range analyze even fully greaseproof papers, silicon papers, heavily coated papers and boards or even detect defects in barrier coatings! Even nitrogen or helium may be used as the gas, giving us completely new possibilities to rank the products or to find correlation to critical process or converting parameters. All the modern paper machines include many on-line measuring instruments which are used to give the necessary information for automatic process control systems. Hence, the reliability of this information obtained from different sensors is vital for good optimizing and process stability. If any of these on-line sensors do not operate perfectly as planned (having even small measurement error or malfunction), the process control will set the machine to operate away from the optimum, resulting loss of profit or eventual problems in quality or runnability. To assure optimum operation of the paper machines, a novel quality assurance policy for the on-line measurements has been developed, including control procedures utilizing traceable, accredited standards for the best reliability and performance.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

This study is aimed to derive the optimum mix proportion of the combined self compacting concrete according to cement types (blast-furnace slag cement and belite cement) and to propose the basic data to field construction work after evaluating the quality properties. Specially, lime stone powder (LSP) as binder and viscosity agent are used in the combined self compacting concrete because slurry wall of an underground LNG storage tank should be kept stability of quality during concrete working. Replacement ratio of LSP is determined by confined water ratio test and main design factors including fine aggregate ratio ($S_r$), coarse aggregate ratio ($G_v$) and water-cement ratio (W/C) are selected. Also, quality properties including setting time, bleeding content, shortening depth and hydration heat on the optimum mix proportion of the combined self compacting concrete according to cement type are compared and analyzed. As test results, the optimum mix proportion of the combined self compacting concrete according to cement type is as followings. 1) Slag cement type-replacement ratio of LSP 13.5%, $S_r$ 47% and W/C 41%. 2) Belite cement type-replacement ratio of LSP 42.7%, Sr 43% and W/C 51%. But optimum coarse aggregate ratio is 53% regardless of cement types. Also, as test results regarding setting time, bleeding content, shortening depth and hydration heat of the combined self compacting concrete by cement type, belite cement type is most stable in the quality properties and is to apply the actual construction work.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

PURPOSES : This study determined the optimal usage rate of RAP (reclaimed asphalt pavement) using cold central-plant recycling (CCPR) on a road-surface layer. In addition, a mixture-aggregate gradation design and a curing method based on the proposed rate for the surface-layer mix design were proposed. METHODS : First, current research trends were investigated by analyzing the optimum moisture content, mix design, and quality standards for surface layers in Korea and abroad. To analyze the aggregate characteristics of the RAP, its aggregate-size characteristics were analyzed through the combustion asphalt content test and the aggregate sieve analysis test. Moreover, aggregate-segregation experiments were performed to examine the possibility of RAP aggregate segregation from field compaction and vehicle traffic. After confirming the RAP quality standards, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, aggregate-gradation design and quality tests were conducted for mixtures with 40% and 50% RAP usage. The optimum moisture content of the surface-layer mixture containing RAP was tested, as was the evapotranspiration effect on the surface-layer mixture of the optimum moisture content. RESULTS : After analyzing the RAP recycled aggregate size and extraction aggregate size, 13-8mm aggregate was found to be mostly 8mm aggregate after combustion. After using surface-chipping and mixing methods to examine the possibility of RAP aggregate segregation, it was found that the mixing method contributed very little for 3.32%, and because the surface-chipping method applied compaction energy directly as the maximum assumption the separation ratio was 15.46%. However, the composite aggregate gradation did not change. Using a 40% RAP aggregate rate on the surface-layer mixture for cold central-plant recycling satisfied the Abroad quality standard. The optimum moisture content of the surface-layer mixture was found to be 7.9% using the modified Marshall compaction test. It was found that the mixture was over 90% cured after curing at $60^{\circ}C$ for two days. CONCLUSIONS : To use the cold central-plant recycling mixture on a road-surface layer, a mixture-aggregate gradation design was proposed as the RAP recycled aggregate size without considering aggregate segregation, and the RAP optimal usage rate was 40%. In addition, the modified Marshall compaction test was used to determine the optimum moisture content as a mix-design parameter, and the curing method was adapted using the method recommended by Asphalt Recycling & Reclaiming Association (ARRA).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.226-232
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• 2004

Dilution concentration of watermelon juice, concentrations of added sugar, citric acid, and vitamin C, sterilization temperature and time, and natural color extracts were evaluated to determine optimum conditions for watermelon beverage production. Optimum dilution concentration of watermelon juice and optimum content of soluble solid were 40% and $12^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Addition of 0.5 and 0.3 g/L or 1.0 and 0.3 g/L citric acid and vitamin C gave optimum sensory quality. Sterilization of watermelon beverage at above $70^{\circ}C$ decreased redness. Sterilization at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10 to 30 min or at $70^{\circ}C$ for 10 min achieved best sensory quality. Addition of 20 g/L raspberries gave best sensory quality among raspberries, omija, and borage. Hot water was better than alcohol for extraction of natural color. Ratio of extracts for optimum sensory quality was 7 : 3 for extract of 20 g raspberries/L : extract of 30 g omija/L.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 2000

the quality of a TV is closely connected with the high quality surface of Braun tube. To get high quality surface an improved grinding system is needed. It has three main parts : the housing part of supporting frame the outershaft part rotat-ed by motor and the innershaft part having eccentricity from the rotation axis of the outershaft. the housing part and the outershaft part are connected by outerbearings, The outershaft part and the innershaft part are connected by innerbearings. Although the outershaft part is rotated at high-speed the innershaft part is not rotated by offset coupling. The high quality grinding surface can be obtained by this mechanism of panel surface grinder, Because the innershaft is unbalanced by eccentricity from rotation axis of outershaft the unbalancing vibration is resulted In this rotor system with high-speed rota-tion the unbalancing vibration makes the opertion unstable. In this research the transfer function is obtained bythe frequency response analysis of finite element model. The simu-lation result is proved by comparing with the experimental result measured by signal analyzer Then the results are corre-lated. in order to improve the design an optimization method is used instead of two-planes balancing method The parts of the 3-dimensional panel surface grinder satisfy the each constraint, The result shows that the design of the panel surface grinder can be optimized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.629-633
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• 2005

The reduction of the Vehicle interior noise has been the main interest of NVH engineers. The driver's perception on the vehicle noise is affected largely by psychoacoustic characteristic of the noise as well as the SPL. In particular, the HVAC sound among the vehicle interior noise has been reflected sensitively in the side of psychology. In previous study, we have developed to verify identification of source for the vehicle HVAC system through multiple-dimensional spectral analysis. Also we carried out objective assessments on the vehicle HVAC noises and subjective assessments have been already performed with 30 subjects. In this study, the linear regression models were obtained for the subjective evaluation and the sound quality metrics. The regression procedure also allows you to produce diagnostic statistics to evaluate the regression estimates including appropriation and accuracy. Appropriation of regression model is necessary to $R^2$ value and F-value. And testing for regression model is necessary to Independence, Homoscedesticity and Normality. Also we selected optimum layout of damping material using Taguchi method. As a result of application, sound quality is improved by more quiet, powerful, expensive, smooth.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 1978

In response surface experiments, a polynomial regression model is often used to fit the response surface to explore the functional relationship between a response variable and several independent variables, and to determine the optimum operating conditions, which would be desirable to control the quality of industrial products. The problem considered in this paper is that of selecting subsets of polynomial terms from a given polynomial model so as to achieve "improved" response surfaces in estimation of the response. Such improvement in fitting the response surfaces would be very helpful to determine the optimum operating conditions and to explore the functional relationship with better precision. A criterion is proposed for selection of polynomial terms and illustrated with an industrial example.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.587-597
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• 2004

Application of pheasant and soybean extracts to improve the quality of baechu kimchi was attempted. Pheasant and soybean extracts at various combinatory concentrations were added into baechu kimchi and fermented for 24 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Assay was performed on salinity, acidity, bacterial growth, sensory evaluations, and physical properties. The pH decreased, and acidity increased by fermentation time. The optimum pH 4.2 was reached within $12{\sim}15\;days$, and optimum acidity was reached within $6{\sim}9\;days$. The number of lactic acid bacteria was increased by fermentation time. Score of intensity characteristics in color. crispness carbonated taste, and overall quality were higher for the pheasant and soybean extracts added baechu kimchi(B) than for the control product(S). The result of L and a value of baechu kimchi were Higher in treatment than in control as fermentation time increased. The hardness of baechu kimchi with pheasant and soybean extracts(B) were higher than those of control(S).