• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2015

Weather routing method is one of the best practices of SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) for fuel-efficient operation of ship. KR is carrying out a basic research for development of the weather routing algorithm and making a monitoring system by FOC (Fuel Oil Consumption) analysis compared to the reference, which is the great circle route. The added resistances applied global sea/weather data can be calculated using ship data, and the results can be corrected to ship motions. The global sea/weather data such as significant wave height, ocean current and wind data can be used to calculate the added resistances. The reference route in a usual navigation is the great circle route, which is the shortest distance route. The global sea/weather data can be divided into grids, and the nearest grid data from a ship's position can be used to apply a ocean going vessel's sea conditions. Powell method is used as an optimized routing technique to minimize FOC considered sea/weather conditions, and FOC result can be compared with the great circle route result.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1674-1688
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• 2019

As environmental pollution and fossil fuel energy problems from fuel vehicle have occurred, the interest of electric vehicle(EV) has increased. EV industry and energy industry have grown dynamically in these days. It is expected that the next generation of primary transportation will be EV, and it is necessary to prepare EV infra and efficient energy management such as EV communication protocol, EV charge station, and smart grid. Those EV and energy industry fields are now on growth. Also, the study and development of them are now in progress. In this paper, distributed charge signal processing software for smart slow and quick EV charge is proposed and designed for dealing with EV charge demand. The software consists of smart slow and quick EV charge schedule engine and EV charge power distribution core. The software is designed to support two charge station types. One is normal EV charge station and the other is bus garage EV charge station. Both two types collect the data from EV charge stations, and then analyze the collected data. The software suggests optimized EV charge schedule and deliveries EV charge power distribution information to power switchboard system, and the designed software is implemented on embedded system. It is expected that the software provides efficient EV charge schedule.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.529-539
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• 2019

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a promising topology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. To control a MMC system properly, the ac-side current, circulating current and submodule (SM) capacitor voltage are taken into consideration. This paper proposes a low-computation indirect model predictive control (IMPC) strategy that takes advantages of the conventional MPC and has no weighting factors. The cost function and duty cycle are introduced to minimize the tracking error of the ac-side current and to eliminate the circulating current. An optimized merge sort (OMS) algorithm is applied to keep the SM capacitor voltages balanced. The proposed IMPC strategy effectively reduces the controller complexity and computational burden. In this paper, a discrete-time mathematical model of a MMC system is developed and the duty ratio of switching state is designed. In addition, a simulation of an eleven-level MMC system based on MATLAB/Simulink and a five-level experimental setup are built to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed low-computation IMPC strategy.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2020

Polyethylene (PE) micro-fiber have been prepared at different hot air temperature (60, 80 and 100 ℃) and different pressure (20, 40, 60 and 80 kPa) by melt centrifugal spinning technique. The parameters of melting centrifugal spinning including polymer contents, rotational velocity, temperature of hot air and pressure were optimized for the fabrication process. The study showed that 8000 rpm rotational velocity, 80 ℃ heated hot air and 40 kPa air pressure are the best condition to obtain uniform and strong PE fiber. The prepared PE fibers were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine and found that fibers with reduced diameter and improved tensile strength are obtained at hot air condition.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.458-467
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• 2019

본 연구는 자료동화에 필요한 매개변수의 최적화된 값를 산정하기 위해 서남해안을 포함하는 한반도 중심해역에 해양순환수치모델 FVCOM(Finite Volume Community Ocean Model)을 구축 및 검증하고 이에 연속관측된 수층별 유속자료와 OI(Optimal Interpolation)를 자료동화하였다. 자료동화에는 서남해안에 위치한 4정점에서 ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)을 통해 관측된 수층별 유속자료를 사용하였다. 자료동화에 사용된 배경 모델은 복잡하고 불규칙한 지형적 특성을 가진 서남해안 중심의 한반도 해역을 비구조격자체계의 해양순환수치모델인 FVCOM으로 구성하고 이를 조석검증하였다. 최적내삽법의 Correlation length와 Scale factor는 자료동화 과정에서 관측값의 영향 범위를 결정하고 오차를 보정할 수 있는 매개변수다. 자료동화기법 내 매개변수는 연구 지역에 존재하는 해양학적 특성에 따라 능동적으로 변동되기 때문에 이를 토대로 경험적인 산정 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 서남해안에서 요구되는 각 매개변수들을 Taylor diagram을 활용하여 관측정점별로 분석하고 최적값을 산정하였다. 산정된 최적매개변수는 관측정점마다 요구되는 값이 상이하며 연안에서 외해로 갈수록 증가하는 추세를 보인다. 추가로 조석검증 전과 후에 따른 배경 모델이 갖는 정확성이 자료동화 효과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 조석검증을 통해 정확성이 높아진 배경 모델은 배경오차공분산이 상대적으로 감소됨에 따라서 총 비중 함수가 0에 가까워지고 결과적으로 최적매개변수값이 감소하였다. 이러한 최적매개변수는 광역 모델이 갖고 있는 연안역까지 도달하는 개방경계의 한계점을 완화시켜줄 것으로 기대하며 향후 관측정점별로 요구되는 최적매개변수값을 독립적으로 적용하도록 개선한다면 향상된 해양예측 시스템 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.172-172
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• 2011

Anaerobic digestion(AD) has successfully been used for many applications that have conclusively demonstrated its ability to recycle biogenic wastes. AD has been successfully applied in industrial waste water treatment, stabilsation of sewage sludge, landfill management and recycling of biowaste and agricultural wastes as manure, energy crops. During AD, i.e. organic materials are decomposed by anaerobic forming bacteria and fina1ly converted to excellent fertilizer and biogas which is primarily composed of methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) with smaller amounts of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) and ammonia(NH3), trace gases such as hydrogen(H2), nitrogen(N2), carbon monoxide(CO), oxygen(O2) and contain dust particles and siloxanes. The production and utilisation of biogas has several environmental advantages such as i)a renewable energy source, ii)reduction the release of methane to the atomsphere, iii)use as a substitute for fossil fuels. In utilisation of biogas, most of biogas produced from small scale plant e.g. farm-scale AD plant are used to provide as energy source for cooking and lighting, in most of the industrialised countries for energy recovery, environmental and safety reasons are used in combined heat and power(CHP) engines or as a supplement to natural. In particular, biogas to use as vehicle fuel or for grid injection there different biogas treatment steps are necessary, it is important to have a high energy content in biogas with biogas purification and upgrading. The energy content of biogas is in direct proportion to the methane content and by removing trace gases and carbon dioxide in the purification and upgrading process the energy content of biogas in increased. The process of purification and upgrading biogas generates new possibilities for its use since it can then replace natural gas, which is used extensively in many countries, However, those technologies add to the costs of biogas production. It is important to have an optimized purification and upgrading process in terms of low energy consumption and high efficiency giving high methane content in the upgraded gas. A number of technologies for purification and upgrading of biogas have been developed to use as a vehicle fuel or grid injection during the passed twenty years, and several technologies exist today and they are continually being improved. The biomethane which is produced from the purification and the upgrading process of biogas has gained increased attention due to rising oil and natural gas prices and increasing targets for renewable fuel quotes in many countries. New plants are continually being built and the number of biomethane plants was around 100 in 2009.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2008

기질 화합물로써 3${\beta}$-Hydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid 유도체(1-30)들과 그들의 protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTP)-1B 저해활성에 관한 비교분자 유사성 지수분석(CoMSIA)보델을 유도하였다. QSAR 모델의 통계 값은 CoMFA>CoMSIA${\geq}$HQSAR>2D-QSAR 모델의 순서로 양호하였다. 최적화된 CoMSIA F1 모델은 grid 3.0${\AA}$과 field fit 정렬조건에서 가장 족은 예측성과 상관성($r^2_{cf}$=0.754 및 $r^2_{ncv}$=0.976)을 나타내었다. 저해 활성에 관한 CoMSIA상의 기여비율(%)은 수소결합 받게장(48.9%), 입체장(25.8%) 및 소수성장(25.4%)의 순서이었다. 그러므로 기질 화합물의 PTP-1B에 대한 저해활성은 $R_4$-치환기의 수소결합 받게 장(A)에 의존적이었다. 등고도 분석 결과로부터 $R_1$-치환기는 수소결합 받게장이 작고 $R_3$-치환기는 입체장이 작으며 그리고 $R_4$-치환기는 수소결합 받게장, 소수성 및 입체장이 큰 치환기가 저해활성을 증가시킬 것으로 예측되었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.9-31
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• 2007

Most seismic sea waves in the East Sea originate from earthquakes occurring near the Japanese west coast. While the waves propagate in the East Sea, they are deformed by refraction, diffraction and scattering. Though the Boussinesq equation is most applicable for such wave phenomena, it was not used in numerical modelling of seismic sea waves in the East Sea. To examine characteristics of seismic sea waves in the East Sea, numerical models based on the Boussinesq equation are established and used to simulate recent tsunamis. By considering Ursell parameter and Kajiura parameter, it is proved that Boussinesq equation is a proper equation for seismic sea waves in the East Sea. Two models based on the Boussinesq equation and linear wave equation are executed with the same initial conditions and grid size ($1min{\times}1min$), and the results are compared in various respects. The Boussinesq equation model produced better results than the linear model in respect to wave propagation and concentration of wave energy. It is also certified that the Boussinesq equation model can be used for operational purpose if it is optimized. Another Boussinesq equation model whose grid size is $40sec{\times}30sec$ is set up to simulate the 1983 and 1993 tsunamis. As the result of simulation, new propagation charts of 2 seismic sea waves focused on the Korean east coast are proposed. Even though the 1983 and 1993 tsunamis started at different areas, the propagation paths near the Korean east coast are similar and they can be distinguished into 4 paths. Among these, total energy and propagating time of the waves passing over North Korea Plateau(NKP) and South Korea Plateau(SKP) determine wave height at the Korean east coast. In case of the 1993 tsunami, the wave passing over NKP has more energy than the wave over SKP. In case of the 1983 tsunami, the huge energy of the wave passing over SKP brought about great maximum wave heights at Mukho and Imwon. The Boussinesq equation model established in this study is more useful for simulation of seismic sea waves near the Korean east coast than it is the Japanese coast. To improve understanding of seismic sea waves in shallow water, a coastal area model based on the Boussinesq equation is also required.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.353-365
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• 2010

하천의 유량 측정은 대부분 홍수 예보지역, 댐 상류지역, 대하천 및 유역내 주요 지점을 위주로 수행되고 있으며, 이에 따라서 중소하천과 소유역에 대한 유량 산정에 어려움이 있다. 물리적 기반의 분포형 모형에서는 유역의 지형학적 매개 변수를 기반으로 강우-유출 현상을 해석하고 있으며, 특정 지점에 대해서 최적화된 매개변수를 이용하여 유역 내 모든 지점에 대한 유량을 모의할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 물리적 기반의 분포형 모형인 GRM(Grid based Rainfall-runoff Model)을 이용하여 유출구 지점에 대해서 모형을 보정하고, 이를 통해서 상류의 하천지점에 대한 유량을 추정함으로써 동일 수계에서 유량 측정이 이루어지지 않는 중소하천의 소유역에 대한 모형의 지역화 가능성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 유역은 낙동강의 위천 유역과 유등천의 복수 유역을 선정하였으며, 무성과 복수 수위관측소에 대해서 추정된 매개변수를 이용하여 미성 및 신대 수위관측소의 유량을 모의하였다. 연구결과 미성 및 신대 수위관측소의 모의결과는 첨두유량 및 첨두시간에 대해서 관측 수문곡선을 잘 재현하였으며, 총유출량과 첨두유량 및 첨두시간에 대해서 관측값과 선형의 높은 상관성을 일관되게 보이고 있다. 따라서 동일 수계에 있는 상류 미계측 중소유역의 유량 추정시 GRM은 충분히 적용성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.502-517
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• 2022

TBM의 활용이 증가하면서 최근 국내외에서 머신러닝 기법으로 TBM 데이터를 분석하여 디스크커터의 교환주기 예측 및 굴진율을 예측하는 연구가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 굴진 시 획득되는 기계 데이터와 지반 데이터를 기반으로 최근에 다양한 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있는 머신러닝 기법들 중 회귀 모델을 접목하여 슬러리 쉴드 TBM 현장의 디스크 커터 마모 예측을 하였다. 디스크 커터 마모 예측을 위해서 Training과 Test 데이터를 7:3으로 분할하였으며, 최적의 파라미터를 선정을 위해서 분할 교차검증을 포함하는 그리드 서치를 활용하였다. 그 결과, 앙상블 계열의 그레디언트 부스팅 모델이 결정계수가 0.852, 평균 제곱근 오차가 3.111로 좋은 성능을 보여주었고 특히 학습성능과 더불어 학습속도에서 우수한 결과를 보여주었다. 현재 도출된 결과로 볼 때, 슬러리 쉴드 TBM의 기계데이터와 지반정보가 포함된 데이터를 활용한 디스크 커터 마모 예측 모델의 적합성은 높다고 보인다. 추가적으로 지반조건의 다양성과 디스크 마모 측정 데이터양을 늘리는 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.