• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the yield, free radical scavengering effect and total phenol contents of various solvent fractions on the crude and defatted grape seed extract during storage. The optimal condition for the extraction yield, free radical scavengering effect and total phenol contents was $90\%$ ethanol for 6 hour at $70^{\circ}C$. The extraction yield for crude and defatted grape seed at optimal condition was $8.9\%\;and\;9.16\%$, respectively. Also, the strongest free radical scavengering effect with $41.52\;{\mu}g/mL$ was observed in $95\%$ ethanol of defatted grape seed extracted for 6 hour at $70^{\circ}C$. Similar result was observed in total phenol contents of defatted grape seed. The ethyl acetate fraction obtained from ethanol extract of defatted grape seed showed the strongest RC50($12.35\;{\mu}g/mL$) compared to other organic fractions. Free radical scavengering effect of crude and defatted grape seed extracts treated with alkali condition(pH 10) was reduced compared to that of acidic condition(pH 2) during storage far 1 month at $50^{\circ}C$. Overall, more stronger free radical scavengering effect and higher total phenol contents in defatted grape seed extracts was observed than that of crude grape seed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.330-334
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• 1995

A various aseptic packaged cooked rice prepared In Korean rice was developed for extending shelf-life at room temperature. Data of proximate composition showed no significant difference between cultivars except moisture of cooked rice. The optimal condition of added water content for aseptic packaged cooked rice was 1.3 times of rice while 1.5 times for cooked rice and microwave heating. Hardeness of cooked rice was decreased in order of Dongjin, Odae, Chuchung, Kyaehwa, Ilpoom. Sensory evaluation results showed that Ilpoom had a best result while Odae for storage time (7 days).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.389-393
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• 2002

Effects of environmental factors on in vitro pine pollen performance were investigated. Pinus densiflora and P. rigida pollen grains collected at Mt. Kwanak, Korea were used. Three environmental factors, such as pollen storage temperature, pollen culture temperature and nutrient condition in medium, were tested. To determine the storage temperature effects on pollen viability, pine pollen was stored at $-70^{\circ}C$, $-12^{\circ}C$, $4^{\circ}C$ and $22^{\circ}C$. Pollen viability was substantially extended at the storage temperatures of $-12^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$ for more than 300 days. To elucidate the culture temperature effects on pine pollen germination and tube growth, pollen grains were cultured at the temperatures from $5^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$ at $5^{\circ}C$intervals. The germination rate and tube growth were highest at $25^{\circ}C$ and decreased above $30^{\circ}C$. To investigate boron and sucrose effects on pollen tube growth, the pollen was cultured at different sucrose and boric acid concentrations. Germination rate was optimal in germination medium containing 3 or 5$\%$ sucrose with 0.01 $\%$ boric acid. These results indicate that the pine pollen can be stored for considerable length of time without noticeable loss of viability at storage temperature below or near $0^{\circ}C$. Optimal germination medium conditions were established for pine pollen. Therefore, pine pollen can be used for many biological and environmental monitoring researches.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.146-148
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• 2001

This paper discusses the optimal sizes of BESS. The goal must be optimized electricity charge of the customers-side with choosing the time-of-use rates. Therefore the cost is minimized by BESS installed the customers-side. Feasible ROR that means the ratio of capital costs to economic effect owned the optimal BESS sizes is determined the suitable domestic condition based on the battery cost and power converter system cost. Payback period times can be presented by BESS through the ROR. Multi-Pass Dynamic Programming(MPDP) algorithm is applied to the customer for the optimal sizes determination in this paper. It is to solve the optimal solution under the constraints. To investigate the efficiencies of the constraints, it is applied the typical load curve to the high-voltage customer owned Time-Of-Use(TOU) whether BESS is installed or not. Well, The result is obtained that feasible BESS sizes can be achieved the suitable customers-side of meter through the ROR.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.368-374
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• 2014

This study was investigated the changes of storability and quality characteristics of 'Autumn Sense' hardy kiwifruit according to ethylene treatment and storage condition. In the results of investigation of changes in hardy kiwifruit quality during storage period, hardness of ethylene treated hardy kiwifruit during 48 and 96 hours was rapidly decreased, but soluble solid content was rapidly increased with the passing of storage period in all treatment groups. The total acid was estimated from 0.7 to 1.4% with storage period in all treatment groups. In the results of investigation of the weight loss rate, ethylene treated hardy kiwifruit during 48 hours was the highest 30.9% in storage at $20^{\circ}C$ and lowest 5.9% in storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% during storage at 24 days. Ethylene treated hardy kiwifruit during 96 hours was decrease 29.4% in storage at $20^{\circ}C$, 20.7% in storage at $4^{\circ}C$, 12.1% in storage at $2^{\circ}C$, and 6.0% in storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% during storage at 22 days. The taste of hardy kiwifruit during storage was reduced to increase in all treatment groups. Particularly, storage at $20^{\circ}C$ was rapidly reduced to increase in the early storage and storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% was decrease after storage at 18 days. The rotten rate during storage was increased in all treatment groups, storage at $20^{\circ}C$ was after storage at 2 days and storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% was rapidly increased after storage at 16 days. Thus, it can be recommended that storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% is good to maintain quality. Also, we will decide optimal storage condition and after-ripening time of 'Autumn Sense' hardy kiwifruit.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 2019

Purpose: As the importance of breastfeeding has been reinforced, human milk is often stored for practical reasons. Therefore, we evaluated optimal storage and processing methods for human milk from a nutritional standpoint. Methods: Human milk samples were collected between June 2017 and February 2018. Also, data about maternal information were collected. Human milk was analyzed for macronutrients and caloric content. The samples were subdivided into groups for nutrient analysis. The control group (fresh milk) was not stored or processed. The other groups (9 groups) consisted of samples analyzed based on different storage temperatures (room temperature, refrigerated, frozen), defrosting methods (bottle warmer, room temperature thawing, microwave oven), and storage period (1 week, 1 month, 2 months) and compared with the control group. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the nutrient content of human milk among the collected samples. A significant change in the content of macronutrients in milk samples was observed under storage condition at different temperatures for 1 week with subsequent thawing with bottle warmer compared to fresh milk. Under storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 1 week with subsequent thawing with different defrosting methods, a significant change in the content of macronutrients in milk samples was observed compared to fresh milk. After storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for different periods and thawing with a bottle warmer, a significant change in macronutrient content in milk samples was observed compared to fresh milk regardless of the storage period. Conclusion: Unlike previous guidelines, changes in macronutrient content in milk samples were observed regardless of the method of storing and thawing. Apparently, it is proposed that mothers should feed fresh human milk to their babies without storing.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.43-53
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• 2022

Rice paddy has been actively converted into upland crop fields as more profitable upland crop cultivation are encouraged along with the decrease in rice consumption. However, the current water supply system remains mainly for paddy water supply, so research on pipeline water supply for upland cultivation is needed. The objective of this study was to optimize storage tank installation locations for pipeline water supply in reservoir irrigation districts. Five of reservoir irrigation districts were selected as the study sites and gridded of 10×10 m in size. Then genetic algorithm was adopted to evaluate the effects of spatial storage tank allocation on total pipeline cost. The lengths of the main and branch pipelines were considered as the objective cost function for the optimization of storage tank installation. Overall the shorter the branch pipeline and the longer the main pipeline, as the number of storage tanks increase. The minimal pipeline cost, i.e., optimal condition was reached when approximately 10% of the storage tank numbers to total upland plots were installed. The methodology presented in this study can be applied to determine the number and spatial arrangement of storage tanks for upland pipeline irrigation system design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1452-1460
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary drying effects on garlic quality, and to define the optimal secondary drying conditions for garlic preservation. The secondary drying tests used garlic that was naturally dried once and stored at low temperature. After secondary drying, the garlic was stored in a warehouse at room temperature. Tests were performed at different low-temperature storage periods (60, 105, 150, 195, and 240 days), secondary drying temperatures (35 and $40^{\circ}C$), drying times (1, 2, 3 days), and room temperature storage periods (15, 30, and 45 days). The results were compared with a non-secondary drying condition control. In general, the $40^{\circ}C$-2 days dry conditions showed the lowest weight-loss rate (5%) and rotting rate during room temperature storage. The sprouting rate increased by 20% during the initial 15 day-room temperature storage, along with a small increase after 30 days of room temperature storage. Increases in drying temperature and the period of secondary drying conditions caused a decrease in firmness. In addition, the sprouting rate was 10% higher, and rotting rate 5~10% higher, for the non-drying condition, compared to drying conditions. Based on our results, the $40^{\circ}C$-2 days drying condition is the optimal secondary drying condition for garlic storage.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.739-744
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• 2008

The method of yeast propagation has an influence on yeast physiology, fermentation ability, flocculation rate, and taste stability of beer. In order to find optimal conditions for propagation, several parameters were investigated in combinations. The bottom brewing yeast grown at $10^{\circ}C$ indicated that a higher flocculation capacity during the $1^{st}$ fermentation. However, the taste stability and the aroma profile were not affected by parameters of propagation investigated. The beer quality was rather affected by storage duration. In addition, a correlation between tasting and chemiluminescence was found at the beer, which was produced using bottom brewing yeast. The propagation at $10-25^{\circ}C$ with addition of zinc ion indicated the best condition to improve fermentation ability, flocculation rate, and filterability for bottom brewing yeast, whereas the propagation at $30^{\circ}C$ with addition of zinc ion showed the best condition to increase fermentation ability for top brewing yeasts.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07c
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• pp.794-796
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• 1997

The superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system is considered to be useful to charge or release an energy in power system because of the high efficiency and quick response. But we need much capital to construct and to operate a SMES. A site and capacity of SMES are important elements for effective operating and planning. In this paper, we proposed a performance function to determine an optimal site and capacity of SMES according to variety condition of power system such as fault point. In addition, to demonstrate the validity of a proposed method, the simulations were carried out on two-machine 5-bus system.