• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2018

In order to precisely assess gene expression levels, the suitable internal reference genes must be served to quantify real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data. For armyworm, Mythimna separata, which reference genes are suitable for assessing the level of transcriptional expression of target genes have yet to be explored. In this study, eight common reference genes, including ${\beta}$-actin (${\beta}$-ACT), 18 s ribosomal (18S), 28S ribosomal (28S), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAPDH), elongation fator-alpha ($EF1{\alpha}$), TATA box binding protein (TBP), ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), and alpha-tubulin (${\alpha}$-TUB) that in different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments of M. separata were evaluated. To further explore whether these genes were suitable to serve as endogenous controls, three software-based approaches (geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder), the delta Ct method, and one web-based comprehensive tool (RefFinder) were employed to analyze and rank the tested genes. The optimal number of reference genes was determined using the geNorm program, and the suitability of particular reference genes was empirically validated according to normalized HSP70, and MsepCYP321A10 gene expression data. We found that the most suitable reference genes for the different experimental conditions. For developmental stages, 28S/RPL7 were the optimal reference genes, both $RPL7/EF1{\alpha}$ were suitable for experiments of different tissues, whereas for insecticide treatments, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were suitable for normalizations of expression data. In addition, $28S/{\alpha}-TUB$ were the suitable reference genes because they have the most stable expression among different developmental stages, tissues and insecticide treatments. Our work is the first report on reference gene selection in M. separata, and might serve as a precedent for future gene expression studies.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2018

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a common complication after primary palatoplasty. Although the several surgical treatments of VPI have been introduced, there is no consensus guide to select the optimal surgical treatment for VPI patients. The selection of surgical treatment for VPI depends on a multimodal patient evaluation, such as perceptual speech evaluation, nasometery and nasoendoscopy. We can provide more adequate treatment for VPI through the deeper understanding of anatomy and physiology in VPI.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.452-461
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• 2017

This study was conducted to select an optimal approach to corn waste biochar (BC) application, and to evaluate the effects of combined application of BC and inorganic fertilizer (IF) on corn growth and soil chemical properties in a pot experiment. Corn growth differed with BC application timing and BC application levels. Based on the characteristics of corn growth in pot-based experiments, the selected optimal application conditions of BC were application of $500kg\;10a^{-1}$ at 20 days before sowing. Also, the chemical properties of the tested soil with BC after corn harvesting were significantly improved than those in the other treatments. In particular, soil pH and CEC regardless of application conditions were markedly increased by 0.04~0.19 units and $0.08{\sim}2.58coml_c\;kg^{-1}$ in BC treatments than without BC treatments. Additionally, combined application of BC and IF had greater effects on corn growth than single application of BC. Therefore, the results suggest using properly BC application conditions and a combination of BC and IF for effective corn cultivation in an upland field.

• 청정기술
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1997

The present paper aims to give basic information to establish zero emission material cycle including the minimization of emissions from industrial production processes and the area in regional scale. Strategies and methodologies to analyze emissions from the production processes and our human activities and to reduce those emissions by refining and/or replacing the unit process with the alternatives are introduced as well. Quantitative evaluation and management systems of any raw materials and the production process are from vie points of treatment are essential. Estabiishment of a process networking for the recycle of discharged non-products materials by the intra-process, trans-process and the trans-industries are proposed. Procedures and priorities to formulate industrial and regional zero emission system are proposed as well.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2021

Patients with pain, numbness, and weakness in their elbows, wrists, and hands often need proper rehabilitation treatments. Among them, musculoskeletal injection therapy should be performed after a full evaluation of the patient, taking into account history and physical examination leading to clinical diagnosis. General rules such as accurate diagnosis and injection materials selection are used to achieve maximum benefit with minimal side effects. During injection, patient location, aseptic care, penetration techniques, follow-up and follow-up care must be maintained. Specific techniques may vary depending on the type, lesion, and location of the injection therapy. For optimal effectiveness, physician should inject directly into the lesion and avoid the injection of surroundings as much as possible. Therefore, ultrasound-guided injections are needed to accurately inject. These conditions and other conditions of the hands, wrists, and elbows can be effectively diagnosed and treated with diagnostic ultrasound and ultrasound-guided injections.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.99-102
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• 2023

Patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) can undergo laparoscopy without international precautions. This case report describes an ET with a mild increase in the platelet count that developed after laparoscopic surgery and prolonged intraperitoneal bleeding. The patient underwent intensive postoperative medical and surgical treatments until cured. Patients with ET should provide informed consent for post-laparoscopic bleeding. Surgeons should perform optimal hemostasis. Further studies are required to provide clear guidelines for both medical and surgical interventions aimed at preventing thrombo-hemorrhagic complications associated with ET. A preoperative study of platelet function and the selection of the best cytotoxic drug for the perioperative period are mandatory.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2009

서울시에 거주하는 25명의 여대생을 대상으로 식이요법에 대한 체중감량 효과를 비교하고자 식이요법과 운동을 병행하는 그룹과 식이요법만 실시하는 그룹으로 나누어서, 8주간에 걸쳐서 2주 간격으로 측정을 실시하여 각 그룹별로 4회 반복측정실험자료를 얻었다. 이 실험자료를 바탕으로 반복측정에 관한 혼합모형을 이용하여 분석한 결과 처리별 Toeplitz 공분산형태가 가장 적절한 모형으로 선택되었다. 처리별 Toeplitz 공분산형태를 가정하여 분석한 결과, 식이요법 이전의 체중값과 시간의 차이에 따른 효과는 대단히 유의하지만, 처리와 시간 간의 교호작용은 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 식이요법과 운동을 병행한 그룹의 학생들이 식이요법만 섭취한 그룹의 학생들보다 좀더 효과적인 체중감량의 효과가 있었음이 판명되었다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2012

Epilepsy has continued to provide challenges to epileptologists, as a significant proportion of patients continue to suffer from seizures despite medical and surgical treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a new therapeutic modality that has the potential to improve quality of life and occasionally be curative for patients with medically refractory epilepsy who are not surgical candidates. Several groups have used DBS in drug-resistant epilepsy cases for which resective surgery cannot be applied. The promising subcortical brain structures are anterior and centromedian nucleus of the thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, and other nuclei to treat epilepsy in light of previous clinical and experimental data. Recently two randomized trials of neurostimulation for controlling refractory epilepsy employed the strategies to stimulate electrodes placed on both anterior thalamic nuclei or near seizure foci in response to electroencephalographically detected epileptiform activity. However, the more large-scale, long-term clinical trials which elucidates optimal stimulation parameters, ideal selection criteria for epilepsy DBS should be performed before long. In order to continue to advance the frontier of this field, it is imperative to have a good grasp of the current body of knowledge.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2013

This experiment was carried out to determine optimal culture conditions for the production of tubers of Calla (Zantedeschia elliottiana 'Golden Affair' and 'Black Magic') in Korea highland. In vitro produced plantlets and tuberlets of Calla 'Golden Affair' and 'Black Magic' were planted plastic film greenhouse and grown for 100, 120, 140 days, with different night temperature treatments ($0{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ : no heating, 10, $15^{\circ}C$). In both cultivars, tuber size(tuber diameter, tuber height) and tuber weight increased with increasing cultivation period when the night temperature was maintained at $10^{\circ}C$. The largest tuber diameter in vitro produced plantlets was 5.8cm in 'Black Magic' and 3.2cm in 'Golden Affair', and daily tuber growth rate was 1.110g in 'Black Magic' and 0.092g in 'Golden Affair' under the culture conditions. Consequently we think that tuber harvest date was Oct. 30 and night temperature was $10^{\circ}C$ and no heating that was proper method of tuber production. However we had selection of $10^{\circ}C$ treatment for tuber production because it appeared freezing damage occasionally in highland late in October.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.517-528
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• 2020

본 연구는 폐금속광산의 중금속 오염 토양에서 억새를 이용한 식물안정화공법을 적용하기 위해 토양개량제 처리에 따른 토양내 중금속 이동성과 억새내 중금속 축적형태 등을 분석하여 적정 토양개량제를 선발하고자 수행하였다. 이를 위해 중금속 오염토양을 바닥재 1, 2%, 비산재 1, 2%, 폐석회+굴패각 1, 2%, AMDS 10, 20%, 퇴비 3.4% 등으로 처리하고, 비교를 위해 아무 처리를 하지 않은 대조구에 억새를 식재한 후 6개월을 재배하였다. Mehlich-3에 의한 토양내 중금속 함량, 억새 체내 중금속 이동형태 등을 분석한 결과 AMDS 20%가 식물안정화공법에 가장 효과적인 개량제로 선정되었으며, 2순위는 AMDS 10%가 선정되었다. 폐석회+굴패각, 바닥재와 비산재도 식물안정화공법적용 효과가 대조구에 비해 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 개량제 처리에 따라 일부 중금속의 토양내 유동성이 증가하는 결과를 보여, 실제 사업 적용을 위해 사전에 대상지역의 토양오염 특성을 분석하여 현장특성에 적합하게 토양개량제를 선정해야 할 것으로 사료된다.