• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2023

The large process plant is currently implementing predictive maintenance technology to transition from the traditional Time-Based Maintenance (TBM) approach to the Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) approach in order to improve equipment maintenance and productivity. The traditional techniques for predictive maintenance involved managing upper/lower thresholds (Set-Point) of equipment signals or identifying anomalies through control charts. Recently, with the development of techniques for big analysis, machine learning-based AAKR (Auto-Associative Kernel Regression) and deep learning-based VAE (Variation Auto-Encoder) techniques are being actively applied for predictive maintenance. However, this predictive maintenance techniques is only effective during steady-state operation of plant equipment, and it is difficult to apply them during start-up and shutdown periods when rises or falls. In addition, unlike processes such as nuclear and thermal power plants, which operate for hundreds of days after a single start-up, because the pumped power plant involves repeated start-ups and shutdowns 4-5 times a day, it is needed the prediction and alarm algorithm suitable for its characteristics. In this study, we aim to propose an approach to apply the optimal predictive alarm algorithm that is suitable for the characteristics of Pumped Storage Power Plant(PSPP) facilities to the system by analyzing the predictive maintenance techniques used in existing nuclear and coal power plants.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of the dilution ratio of Tris diluent, storage at 0℃, and long-distance transportation on the spermatozoa of Simmental cattle. It also validated the feasibility of the regional distribution of fresh semen. Methods: In experiment 1, semen was diluted at four dilution ratios (1:6, 1:9, 1:12, and 1:15) to determine the optimal dilution ratio of Tris diluent. In experiment 2, we assessed sperm viability, progressive motility (objectively assessed by computer-assisted sperm analyzer), and acrosome intactness in Tris dilutions kept at constant 0℃ for 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. We compared them to Tianshan livestock dilutions (Commercial diluent). In experiment 3, semen was diluted using Tris diluent, and sperm quality was measured before and after long-distance transport. Artificial insemination of 177 Simmental heifers compared to 156 using Tianshan Livestock dilution. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that 1:9 was the ideal Tris diluent dilution ratio. The sperm viability, Progressive Motility, and acrosome integrity of both Tris and Tianshan dilutions preserved at 0℃ gradually decreased over time. sperm viability was above 50% for both dilutions on d 9, with a flat rate of decline. The decrease in acrosome integrity rate was faster for Tianshan livestock dilutions than for Tris dilutions when stored at 0℃ for 1 to 6 days. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in sperm viability between semen preserved in Tris diluent after long-distance transportation and semen preserved in resting condition. The conception rates for Tris dilution and Tianshan livestock dilution were 49.15% and 46.15% respectively, with no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: This shows that Tris diluent is a good long-term protectant. It has been observed that fresh semen can be successfully preserved for long-distance transport when stored under 0℃ conditions. Additionally, it is feasible to distribute semen regionally.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.31-31
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• 2001

This study was to establish in uitro culture system of mouse preantral follicles and to obtain higher in vitro development rates and production of live young. Preantral follicles were obtained from 12-day-old FI mouse (C57BL $\times$ CBA) by enzymatical methods. Oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) of preantral follicles were loaded on Transwell-COL insert and cultured in $\alpha$MEM supplemented with 5% FBS, 100 mIU/$m\ell$ FSH and 100 mIU/$m\ell$ hMG for IVG. IVM was performed in $\alpha$MEM supplemented 1.5 IU/$m\ell$ hCG for 18 hrs and IVF was carried out in Ml6 medium. Embryos were cultured in modified Ml6 medium supplemented 10% FBS for 4 days. The effect of the OGCs size on the nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation was significantly higher in 120-150 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (MII: 33.0%, $\geq$2-cell: 36.7%, $\geq$morula: 20.9%) than in 70-110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (MII: 12.2%, $\geq$2-cell: 10.2%, $\geq$morula: 4.8%) (p<0.001). In period of the IVG days, the rate of $\geq$2-cell was significantly higher in 10 days(38.2%) than in 12 days (20.0%) (p<0.01). In period of IVF time, 9 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 31.5%, $\geq$ morula: 14.3%) indicated significantly higher cytoplasmic maturation rate than 4 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 17.5%, This study was to establish in vitro culture system of mouse preantral follicles and to obtain higher in vitro development rates and production of live young. Preantral follicles were obtained from 12-day-old FI mouse (C57BL $\times$ CBA) by enzymatical methods. Oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) of preantral follicles were loaded on Transwell-COL insert and cultured in $\alpha$MEM supplemented with 5% FBS, 100 mIU/$m\ell$ FSH and 100 mIU/$m\ell$ hMG for IVG. IVM was performed in $\alpha$MEM supplemented 1.5 IU/$m\ell$ hCG for 18 hrs and IVF was carried out in Ml6 medium. Embryos were cultured in modified Ml6 medium supplemented 10% FBS for 4 days. The effect of the OGCs size on the nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation was significantly higher in 120-150 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (MII: 33.0%, $\geq$2-cell: 36.7%, $\geq$morula: 20.9%) than in 70-110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (MII: 12.2%, $\geq$2-cell: 10.2%, $\geq$morula: 4.8%) (p<0.001). In period of the IVG days, the rate of $\geq$2-cell was significantly higher in 10 days(38.2%) than in 12 days (20.0%) (p<0.01). In period of IVF time, 9 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 31.5%, $\geq$ morula: 14.3%) indicated significantly higher cytoplasmic maturation rate than 4 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 17.5%, $\geq$morula: 4.8%) and 7 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 20.4%, $\geq$morula: 6.1%) (p<0.01). However, there was no difference in cytoplasmic maturation between co-cultured preantral follicle ( $\geq$morula: 17.4%) and preantral follicle cultured in Ml6 ( $\geq$morula: 17.4%). 22 morula and blastocysts produced in above optimal condition were transferred to uterus of 2 pseudopregnant recipients, 1 recipient was pregnant and then born 1 live young. This result demonstrates that in vitro culture system of preantral follicles can be used efficiently as another method to supply mouse oocyte.morula: 4.8%) and 7 hrs (2-cell: 20.4%, $\geq$morula: 6.1%) (p<0.01). However, there was no difference in cytoplasmic maturation between co-cultured preantral follicle ( $\geq$morula: 17.4%) and preantral follicle cultured in Ml6 ( $\geq$morula: 17.4%). 22 morula and blastocysts produced in above optimal condition were transferred to uterus of 2 pseudopregnant recipients, 1 recipient was pregnant and then born 1 live young. This result demonstrates that in vitro culture system of preantral follicles can be used efficiently as another method to supply mouse oocyte.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2022

본 시험은 우리나라에서 인공건초 조제 기술을 확보를 위해 수행되었다. 원적외선 히터를 활용하여 온도, 송풍량, 원적외선 방사량을 조절할 수 있는 기기를 제작하여 4차 수확한 알팔파를 대상으로 실시하였다. 건조를 위한 조건은 전체 4개의 조건을 선택하여 수행하였으며 각각의 조건은 방사율은 40% 내외(33-42%)로 설정을 하여 복합 조건에서는 시간이 지날수록 방사율을 낮추었다. 온도는 58~65℃로 설정하였으며, 기기내의 기류의 속도는 60m/s로 고정하였다. 전체적인 건조시간은 단일조건에서는 30분, 복합조건은 60분(30-30분) 및 90분(30-30-30분)으로 설정하여 시간대별로 방사율과 온도에 변화를 주었다. 건조 조건 1 (30분건조)의 경우에는 최종 건물함량이 46.26%로 건초에 적합한 건물에는 도달하지 못하였다. 그러나 나머지 2~7번 건조 조건에 해당하는 알팔파는 모두 건물함량이 80% 이상으로 나타나 최적의 알팔파 건초가 생산되었다. 건조 조건에 따른 전력 소비량의 차이를 보면 2번 건조조건에서 4.7 KW로 가장 낮게 나타났으며 나머지 건조조건은 6.5~7.1KW로 높았다. 조단백질 함량은 평균 25.91%로 높게 나타났으며 수확 당시(23.39%)보다 전체적인 함량은 높아졌다. 또한 5번 건조 조건에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며(26.93%) 6번 건조 조건에서 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다(25.16%). 소화율은 평균 84.90%로 높은 값을 나타내었으며 처리간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). TDN 함량은 ADF 함량을 기반으로 하여 계산된 수치로 전체적인 경향은 ADF 함량과 비슷하였으며 원적외선 건조 조건에서 대체로 높은 경향을 보여주었다. 한편 4차 예취한 알팔파 건초의 RFV 값은 평균 166으로 높았으며 열풍건조 조건에서 유의적으로 낮았으며 원적외선 건조 조건에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 2번 건조조건이 가장 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2008

본 연구는 에탄올 생산 부산물인 주정박의 사료로서의 가치를 향상시키고 효소 활성을 유지하면서 아미노산이 다량 함유된 발효 사료를 개발하기 위한 고체 발효 조건을 최적화하는데 목적을 두었다. 사용된 균주의 pH에 대한 영향을 살펴본 결과, pH 4에서 효소 활성이 우수하였으며 또한 이 조건은 낮은 pH 조건이므로 잡균에 대한 오염도 예방 할 수 있어 본 실험의 최적 액체배양 조건임을 확인할 수 있었다. 고체 배양을 위한 배양 조건 탐색에서는 60%의 수분을 함유한 고체 배양에서 가장 좋은 효소 활성의 결과를 나타내었으며 적정 배지 조성을 위한 혼합 비율 탐색의 경우 밀기울 함량이 높고 DDG 함량이 낮을수록 효소 활성은 좋았으나 아미노산 함량은 낮은 반면, DDG 함량이 높고 밀기울 함량이 낮을수록 효소 활성은 낮았지만 아미노산 함량은 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 효소활성 ($\geqq$ 1,000 U/g) 및 아미노산 함량 ($\geqq$ 28%)이 적당한 고체 발효 배지 조성의 비율은 DDG와 밀기울이 1 : 4였다. 이렇게 해서 얻어진 결과로 약 1 ton 정도의 발효 사료 시제품을 생산하였으며 시제품의 효소활성과 조단백질 함량은 각각 1,024 U/g과 33.6%였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.94-107
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• 1997

Producing organic farm products is one of the high-payoff farming practices considering the rapid increase of consumer's purchasing power. The purpose of this study is to identify the optimal organic farming system in relation to farm income. To cope with the above objectives, present farming conditions and profitability of 15 farmers producing organic products including rice and leaf vegetables as lettuse and cabbage were surveyed in Hongsung and Ahsan Gun, Chungnam Province. Based on the surveyed data, maximization of organic farm income were analyzed under the constrained conditions such as limited monthly labour inputs and competitive use of land by Linear Programming Model. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. In the profitability analysis of 15 farmers producing organic products, rice farmers could earn their farm income more than that of conventional farmers by 50%. On the other hand, the controlled lettuce farmers could get more about 100% than that of it. But the controlled cabbage farm could get more about 40% of it. These organic farm products were saled at high prices comparing with the prices of conventional farm products by 170% ~ 230% even though the crop yields produced by organic materials had decreased. 2. According to the labor requirement of the organically produced crops, rice cultivation was needed more labour inputs than the conventional farming method by 130%. On the other hand lettuce and cabbage could saved labour requirement by 40% and 80% of those respectively. Especially for the rice cultivation concern, higher labor requirement was due to the activities as organic fertilization, soil preparation and pest and weed controll, etc. 3. With the surveyed data from farmers who produced farm commodities, L.P. analysis was implemented to find out the optimul farming system and the maximum income. According to the results of L.P. analysis, 58% of total farm income could get more than the conventional farming system In the case of rice cultivation, one ha of paddy was recommendable to save more labour inputs than the controlled leaf vegetables such as lettuse and cabbage. However, in the controlled leaf vegatables, only 73% of total upland equivalent to 0.3 ha should be cultivated under the condition of labor shortage as the restricted 4 workers. And increasing the size of hogs raising should be recommened to achieve self-sufficiency of organic fertilizer. As pointed out the possibility of organic farming, present farmers producing organic farm products could be able to maximize their income by expanding organic farm size with regard to all conditions of our organic industry. Of course, there are many difficulties in the course of developing organic agriculture. So Government should effort to support the development of our organic agriculture considering the various aspects of production, marketing, Quality certification of organic produces.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

This study was designed to determine the effect of electric field strength, duration and fusion buffer in fusion parameters on the rate of membrane fusion between the somatic cell and cytoplast for Korean cattle (HanWoo) somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedure. Following electrofusion, effect of 5 or $10\;{\mu}M$ $Ca^{2+}$-ionophore of activation treatment on subsequent development was also evaluated. Cell fusion rates were significantly increased from 23.1% at 20 V/mm to 59.7% at 26 V/mm and 52.9% at 27 V/mm (p<0.05). Due to higher cytoplasmic membrane rupture or cellular lysis, overall efficiency was decreased when the strength was increased to 30 V/mm (18.5%) and 40 V/mm (6.3%) and the fusion rate was also decreased when the strength was at 25 V/mm or below. The optimal duration of electric stimulation was significantly higher in $25\;{\mu}s$ than 20 and $30\;{\mu}s$ (18.5% versus 9.3% and 6.3%, respectively, p<0.05). Two nonelectrolyte fusion buffers, Zimmermann's (0.28 M sucrose) and 0.28 M mannitol solution for cell fusion, were used for donor cell and ooplast fusion and the fusion rate was significantly higher in Zimmermann's cell fusion buffer than in 0.28 M mannitol (91.1% versus 48.4%, respectively, p<0.05). The cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of SCNT bovine embryos activated by $5\;{\mu}M$ $Ca^{2+}$-ionophore was significantly higher than the rates of the embryos activated with $10\;{\mu}M$ of $Ca^{2+}$-ionophore (70.0% versus 42.9% and 22.5% versus 14.3%, respectively; p<0.05). This result is the reverse to that of parthenotes which shows significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst rates in $10\;{\mu}M$ $Ca^{2+}$-ionophore than $5\;{\mu}M$ counterpart (65.6% versus 40.3% and 19.5% versus 9.7%, respectively; p<0.05). In conclusion, SCNT couplet fusion by single pulse of 26 V/mm for $25\;{\mu}s$ in Zimmermann's fusion buffer followed by artificial activation with $5\;{\mu}M$ $Ca^{2+}$-ionophore are suggested as optimal fusion and activation methods in Korean cattle SCNT protocol.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1986

버섯의 품종개발(品種開發)과 유전연구(遺傳硏究)를 위해서 느타리 균(菌)의 일종(一種)인 P.cornucopiae 노랑 느타리의 원형질체(原形質體) 분리(分離)에 적합한 제조건(諸條件)을 조사하였다. 원형질체(原形質體) 분리(分離)의 최적(最適) 조건(條件)으로 Novozym 234농도(濃度)는 $5\;mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$이었고 Novozym $234+{\beta}-D-glucanase\;+{\beta}-glucuronidase\;mixture$에서 원형질체수(原形質體數)는 $10.55{\times}10^6\;ml^{-1}$으로 가장 높았으며, 삼투압(渗透壓) 조절제(調節劑)와 농도(濃度)는 0.6 M sucrose에서 효과적(效果的)이었고 혼합효소액(混合酵素液)과의 반응(反應) 90분일때 원형질체(原形質體) 분리량(分離量)은 $2.2{\times}10^7\;ml^{-1}$으로 높았다. 완충용액(緩衝溶液)과 pH는 0.6 M sucrose+Na-maleate buffer (pH 5.0), 0.6 M sucrose+phosphate buffer(pH 6.2)에서 원형질체(原形質體) 분리량(分離量)이 좋았으며 대체로 phosphate buffer가 효과적인 것으로 나타났고 pH를 조절하지 않은 0.6M sucrose 삼투압 조절제(調節劑)가 원형질체(原形質體) 분리(分離)에 가장 알맞았다. 그리고 배양(培養) 일수(日數) 및 균사체량(菌絲體量)을 보면 cellophane MCM에서 4일 배양(培養)한 균사체(菌絲體) 6colonies와 혼합효소(混合酵素) 4 ml과 혼합하여 $28^{\circ}C$에서 90 분간 흔들었을 때 원형질체(原形質體)가 가장 많이 분리되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권1호통권88호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

느타리버섯 8품종의 균사생장은 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위와 $5.5{\sim}6.5$의 pH 범위에서 가장 우수하였다. 영양원의 선발시험에서 탄소원으로서는 황백당, 밀가루 및 옥수수가루가, 그리고 질소원으로서는 대두분이 공시균주의 균사생장이 가장 우수하였다. 농업적으로 이용성이 우수한 황백당 3%, 대두분 0.3%, 인산칼륨 0.05%, 황산마그네슘 0.05%를 배지 조성으로 하는 농업용 액체배지를 선발하였다. 삼각플라스크 배양에서는 250 ml의 erlenmeyer flask에서 보다는 250ml의 shake flask에서 직경 6 mm의 균사절편을 2개 접종하여 배양액량 100ml에서 배양했을 때 공시균주의 균사체 생산이 우수하였다. 그리고 erlenmeyer flask에서 배양방법을 달리하여 느타리버섯의 균사를 배양하였을 때, $45^{\circ}$ 경사배양한 처리구에서 균사체 생산이 가장 우수하였으며, 길이 $50mm{\times}$ 직경 10mm의 유리막대를 넣고 배양한 처리구에서는 균체량이 가장 적었지만 펄프형의 균사생육을 유도할 수 있었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2011

일본(기수)재첩 유생사육을 위한 최적조건을 파악하기 위하여 수온, 염분, 유생 수용밀도, 먹이생물 종류 및 공급량, 채묘방법에 따른 성장과 생존율을 조사하였다. 일본(기수)재첩의 부유유생은 $24^{\circ}C$와 $27^{\circ}C$에서 빠른 성장을 보였으며, $18^{\circ}C$와 $21^{\circ}C$에서 50% 이상의 높은 생존율을 보임으로서 유생 사육을 위한 적정 수온은 $21-24^{\circ}C$이며, 최적수온은 $24^{\circ}C$ 이었다. 또한 염분 3 psu 이상에서 성장과 생존이 가능하였으나 적정 염분은 6-9 psu 이었다. 유생밀도별 사육시험에서 1 ml당 1-10 개체에서 높은 성장과 생존율을 보였으나 경제성을 고려한 적정 유생사육 밀도는 1 ml당 10 개체였다. 먹이생물에 따른 유생의 성장과 생존율은 Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri 및 Chaetoceros calcitrans를 혼합하여 10,000-20,000 cells/ml의 밀도로 공급하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다. 성숙유생의 채묘는 모래저질에서 성장과 생존율이 유의하게 효과적이었으며, 특히 0.25 mm 이하의 미세사질에서 높은 생존율을 보였다.