• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2001

This study developed signal optimization algorithm by analyzing vehicle arrival patterns. The major principle of signal optimization is dissipate all queueing vehicle in 1cycle and assign delay time uniformly for all approaches. For this, this study used optimal green time and surplus green time. Optimal green time calculated by estimated traffic volume from vehicle arrival model. Surplus green time defined as the gap of optimal green time and queue dissipated time. And alternative cycle has minimum surplus green time was selected as the optimal cycle. Finally, total delay and average delay per vehicle can be calculated by using queueing theory.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.294-302
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• 2010

There is a trend toward the world's manufacturing sites moving to East Asia. After manufacture, these products are transported to the advanced nations for their consumption demands. Among such advanced nations, the U.S.A. has the largest demand, and then Japan and European countries follow. It should be noted that the infrastructures of the Asian districts used for the production sites are rather limited, and the volume of products transported from these districts of Asia to the U.S.A is becoming tremendously large. This situation is causing very serious traffic problems. New products are required to be transported swiftly by air. Once the consumption and market demands are stable however, the products should be sent rather slowly, but in larger amounts. However, the airports of China are quite restricted in capacity, while the transportation volume is becoming large. As a result, transportation cost and the time required for transportation are increasing. Now, a third method is appearing. This is the so-called Sea and Air transportation. The cost and time in transit of this mode take mean positions between Air and Ocean services. At present there exists no well-thought-out strategy for how to allocate these three methods of transportation. This paper is an attempt to theoretically describe this mechanism and to discover the optimal way to allocate the three modes. For this purpose, several mathematical properties of value and cost of the products are defined, and on this basis a simulation of the transportation is established.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1991

As per the rapid development of world economics the marine traffic volume was increased accordingly and caused frequent disasters in human lives and natural environment in the consequence of accidents. As the result of the above they started to establish Vessel Traffic System(VTS) and separation scheme in waterway from 1960' to prevent the marin traffic accident but the problem of safety at sea appears now as neither fully defined nor sufficiently analysed. At the present, the dominant factor in establishing the strategy of marine traffic has been safety of navigation concerning only with the ship, but the risk of society derives almost wholly from the nature of cargo. To measure the degree of danger for each ship there is suggested concept of safety factor numbers denoting the level of latent danger in connection with ship and her cargo. In this paper, where the strategy of VTS is put on controlling density of safety factor for control area. it suggested algorithms how to assign the vessels and also to get optimal sequence of vessels located to a sector in the sense of minimizing the passage delay. For the formulation of problem, min max and 0-1 programming methods are applied and developed heuristic algorithm is presented with numerical example to improve the efficiency of calculation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권7A호
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• pp.757-767
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• 2008

차세대 이동 통신망의 발전으로 상용 망과 이 기종 망이 서로 겹쳐진 다중 망 구조가 형성될 것이다. 이러한 여러 망이 겹쳐진 다중 망 구조에서 전체 무선자원의 사용 효율을 높이고 Eb/Io (bit energy-to-interference plus noise density ratio)를 개선하기 위해 이기종망간 혹은 동종망간 상호 연동 기술이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 동종망과 이기종망들이 서로 겹쳐져 있는 다중 셀 환경에서 load를 효율적으로 분산시킴으로써 무선 자원의 효율을 높이고 신호의 간섭양을 줄여 사용자의 QoS 보장 및 성능 개선을 위한 soft load balancing algorithm을 제안 및 분석한다. 본 논문에서는 수학적 분석을 통해 효율적인 load sharing을 위한 최적의 LBR (load balancing ratio) 을 구하고 이를 이용하여 각 network에 traffic 양을 할당하여 서비스한다. 그러므로 soft load balancing 알고리듬은 보다 안정적인 데이터 전송을 가능하게 한다.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집(한국공작기계학회)
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• pp.34-39
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• 2001

The median barrier is one of the roadside hardware to prevent severe human and property damage from highway traffic accidents. The foreign standard of concrete median barrier was introduced and implemented without modification fitting to domestic vehicle and highway condition. In a car accident, median barrier doesn't protect vehicle effectively, especially for heavy vehicle such as bus and heavy truck. The purpose of this study is to develop the optimal performance design of concrete median barrier using the design of experiment with crash simulation analysis which is done by Pam-Crash that is one of the commercial crash simulation software. As a result of this study, an optimal design of concrete median barrier is obtained considering von Mises stress, volume and COG acceleration of truck.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

본 연구는 청주시의 가로구간 교통사고를 다루고 있다. 연구의 목적은 가로구간의 사고모형을 개발하는 데 있다. 이를 위해서 이 연구에서는 전체 322개 세부구간으로 분리된 간선도로의 사고 자료를 이용하여 ZAM 모형을 개발하는데 중점을 두고 있다. ZAM 모형의 일종인 ZIP(zero inflated Poisson model)과 ZINB(zero inflated negative binomial model)를 중심으로 분석한 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 모형의 적합성을 결정하는 Vuong 통계 값과 과분산계수 ${\alpha}$의 t 통계 값을 바탕으로 개발된 다양한 모형을 평가한 결과, 포아송, 음이항, ZIP 및 ZINB 회귀모형 중 ZINB 모형이 최적인 것으로 나타난다. 둘째, ZINB 모형은 t, ${\rho}$ 및 ${\rho}^2$값 (0.63)의 관점에서 보면, 다른 모형에 비해서 통계적으로 매우 의미 있는 모형으로 평가된다. 마지막으로, 개발된 ZINB 모형의 사고 요인은 교통량, 진출입구 수 그리고 중앙분리대 길이로 분석된다. 교통량과 진출입구 수는 사고발생에 '+'요인, 그리고 중앙분리대 길이는 '-'요인으로 평가된다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.39-49
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• 1995

Recently, the traffic volume has been greatly increased partly because of high growth rate of domestic and world economy, and partly because of increased transhipment demand resulting from the destruction of Kobe port by earthqwake early this year. So, container facilities in Pusan Port are under serious congestion. The congestion costs in connection with container traffic in Pusan Port is estimated to be 29.3 billion won in 1994. In 1995 the situation is still worsening. PECT has continued to grow annually by 35% in cargo handling exceeding more than 31% of the total container volumes handled in Korea. The BOR of container berths in PECT in 1994 is 75% reflecting extreme congestion in container traffic. The reason for such serious congestion in PECT is the shortage of container handling facilities in comparison with ever-increasing cargo traffic. In order to solve the provisional problem, the shortage of handling capacity, a model developed to optimize the operation of PECT is described and demonstrated. The model minimizes total port costs, including the costs of dock labour, facilities and equipment, ship, containers, and cargo. The object of this study is, through the model results, mainly to determine the optimal combination of berths and cranes under various circumstances and to show that total costs per ship or unit of cargo served can be reduced by increasing the number of cranes per berth and berth utilization above present levels. Eventually, the results obtained with this model in PECT suggest that increase to 3 in the number of cranes per existing berth could reduce the need for major investments in berths and even reduce operating costs.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2020

급격한 도시화로 인해 출퇴근 시간의 차량 정체, 상시 정체지역 발생 등 다양한 교통문제들이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 교통문제들을 해결하기 위해서는 신속·정확한 교통량 예측 및 분석이 필요하다. ITS (Intelligent Transportation System)는 최신 ICT (Information and Communications Technology) 기술들을 활용하여 최적의 교통관리를 수행하는 시스템이며, 다양한 기법을 통해 신속·정확한 교통량을 분석하기 위한 많은 연구가 수행 되었다. 본 연구에서는 높은 정확도로 실시간 교통량 분석을 위해 UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) 동영상을 활용한 딥러닝(deep learning) 기반의 차량탐지기법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해, UAV를 활용하여 다양한 차량이 통행하는 교차로에서 학습 및 검증에 필요한 정사 동영상 촬영을 수행하였으며, 승용차(sedan), 트럭(truck), 버스(bus)로 분류하여 차량을 학습시켰다. 딥러닝 알고리즘은 대표적인 객체탐지 알고리즘 중의 하나인 YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once V3)를 이용하였으며, 실험결과 전체 차량 검출율은 90.21%이며, 정확도와 재현율은 각각 95.10%와 85.79%이다. 본 연구를 통하여, 드론을 이용한 영상으로부터 차량 탐지를 통한 실시간 교통량 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2009

교통수요관리(travel demand management)는 통행수요를 적절히 제어함으로서 교통혼잡을 최소화시키려는 목적으로 시행되는 제반 교통정책이라 할 수 있다. 교통수요를 적절히 관리하기 위해서는 먼저, 정책목표를 설정하고 이를 달성할 수 있는 최적의 정책변수들을 찾아야 하는데, 현재 이에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이런 측면에서 본 연구는 설정된 정책목표를 달성하기 위한 교통수요관리모형과 이를 풀기 위한 알고리듬을 제시한다. 교통수요관리모형은 2가지로 개발되는데, 첫 번째 모형은, 기점과 종점간 평균 통행시간을 대상으로 목표치를 설정한 후 이 목표치를 달성하기 위한 적정 통행수요를 구하는 문제이며, 두 번째 모형은 혼잡이 심한 특정한 지역을 대상으로 해당지역에 포함된 링크의 교통량/용량비가 일정한 목표수준을 유지되도록 하는 최적 통행수요를 구하는 문제이다. 간단한 예제 교통망을 대상으로 본 연구에서 제시한 모형들을 평가한다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-48
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• 1995

In the process of containerization, the problem of regional maldistribution of container management plan arises seriously due to several factors like a number of unbalances of containers between loading and discharging ports. This study focus on the minimizing cost. This study is composed of two models which in effective management decision making show decision of the number of containers and transfer of empty containers. One is decision of the number of containers which carriers should possess by appropriate forecasting and the other is effective management decision making which includes the transfer of empty containers on calling ports. This study has suggested as follows, First, the Time Series analysis method, especially the "Exponential Smooting with Trend Adjustment" was used to forecast the trade volumes for the designated traffic route. Second, the Time Series analysis method in deciding the optimal number of owned container at the unbalances trade situation between East Bound and West Bound service, most important variables were found such as total traffic volume, the calling interval at a port, the number of days of voyage and the length of stay on shore of container for the optimal number of owned container. Third, effective management decision making model, which makes it possible to analyze the impacts of change in important matters such as lease and positioning policy, and actually influence decision making.on making.