• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2492-2512
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• 2018

Multicast communication can effectively reduce network resources consumption in contrast with unicast. With the advent of SDN, current researches on multicast traffic are mainly conducted in the SDN scenario, thus to mitigate the problems of IP multicast such as the unavoidable difficulty in traffic engineering and high security risk. However, migration to SDN cannot be achieved in one step, hybrid SDN emerges as a transitional networking form for ISP network. In hybrid SDN, for acquiring similar TE and security performance as in SDN multicast, we redirect every multicast traffic to an appropriate SDN node before reaching the destinations of the multicast group, thus to build up a core-based multicast tree substantially which is first introduced in CBT. Based on the core SDN node, it is possible to realize dynamic control over the routing paths to benefit traffic engineering (TE), while multicast traffic manageability can also be obtained, e.g., access control and middlebox-supported network services. On top of that, multiple core-based multicast trees are constructed for each multicast group by fully taking advantage of the routing flexibility of SDN nodes, in order to further enhance the TE performance. The multicast routing and splitting (MRS) algorithm is proposed whereby we jointly and efficiently determine an appropriate core SDN node for each group, as well as optimizing the traffic splitting fractions for the corresponding multiple core-based trees to minimize the maximum link utilization. We conduct simulations with different SDN deployment rate in real network topologies. The results indicate that, when 40% of the SDN switches are deployed in HSDN as well as calculating 2 trees for each group, HSDN multicast adopting MRS algorithm can obtain a comparable TE performance to SDN multicast.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

The ring routing and wavelength assignment problem arose in the planning of optical communication networks which use WDM rings. Traffic demands are given for each pair of nodes in an ring : each demand must be routed one of the two possible connections round the ring and the wavelength assignments must be made so that there are no conflicts : that is. no two connections whose routes share a link can be assigned the same wavelength along that link. The objective is to minimize the number of used wavelengths. We propose the local optimal routing for the problem and show that there always exists an optimal solution satisfying it. Furthermore we suggest a new lower bound for the problem and show that it is very efficient for the worst case example.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.394-401
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• 2007

High speed all optical network is a viable option to satisfy the exponential growth of internet usage in the recent years. Optical networks offer very high bit rates and, by employing technologies like internet protocol over wavelength division multiplexing(IP-over-WDM), these high bit rates can be effectively utilized. However, failure of a network component, carrying such high speed data traffic can result in enormous loss of data in a few seconds and persistence of a failure can severely degrade the performance of the entire network. Designing IP-over-WDM networks, which can withstand failures, has been subject of considerable interest in the research community recently. Most of the research is focused on the failure of optical links in the network. This paper addresses the problem of designing IP-over-WDM networks that do not suffer service degradation in case of a single link failure. The paper proposes an approach based on the framework provided by a recent paper by M. Kurant and P. Thiran. The proposed approach can be used to design large survivable IP-over-WDM networks.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.658-668
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• 2011

Over the past decade, the improvement of communications technologies and the rapid spread of www (World Wide Web) have brought on the exponential growth of users using Internet and real time multimedia multicast services like video conferencing, tele-immersive virtual reality, and Internet games. The dense-wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks have been widely accepted as a promising approach to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth demands of Internet users, especially in next generation Internet backbone networks for nation-wide or global coverage. A major challenge in the next generation Internet backbone networks based on DWDM technologies is the resolution of the multicasting RWA (Routing and Wavelength Assignment) problem; given a set of wavelengths in the DWDM network, we set up light-paths by routing and assigning a wavelength for each connection so that the multicast connections are set-upped as many as possible. Finding such optimal multicast connections has been proven to be Non-deterministic Polynomial-time-complete. In this paper, we suggest a new heuristic multicast routing and wavelength assignment method for multicast sessions called DVS-PMIPMR (Differentiated Virtual Source-based Priority Minimum Interference Path Multicast Routing algorithm). We measured the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of number of wavelength and wavelength channel. The simulation results demonstrate that DVS-PMIPMR algorithm is superior to previous multicast routing algorithms.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

All-optical signal processing is expected to offer advantages in speed and power consumption against over electronics signal processing. It has a potential to solve the bottleneck issues of ultra-high speed communication network nodes. All-optical serial-to-parallel and parallel-to-serial data converters would make it possible to easily process the serial data information of a high-speed optical packet without optical-to-electronic-to-optical data conversion. In this paper, we explain the principle of simple and easily expandable all-optical serial-to-parallel and parallel-to-serial data converters based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers. We experimentally demonstrate these data converters at 10Gbit/s serial data rate. They are useful all-optical devices for the all-optical implementations of label decoding, self-routing, control of variable packets, bit-wise logical operation, and data format conversion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.768-770
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 메쉬(Mesh)형 광 네트워크에서의 전방송(All-to-All Broadcast)을 위한 라우팅(Routing) 문제를 다루고 있다. n$\times$m 으로 구성된 메쉬(Mesh)형 구조에서 자기 자신을 제외한 모든 노드로의 방송을 위하여 구성되는 Path가 최단 거리를 유지하면서 Path들이 지나가는 각각의 링크(Link)에 대한 사용빈도를 초대한 균등하게 분포시키는 유전자 알고리즘(Genetic Algorithms)을 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.686-688
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 광 네트워크에서 파장(Wavelength)의 라우팅(Routing)문제와 파장할당 (Wavelength Assignment)문제 해결에 필요한 파장의 개수를 찾아내는데 있어서 Ants System의 적용이 기존의 다른 방법과 유사하거나 일부 더 좋은 결과를 나타냄을 보인다. 또한, 광 네트워크에서 각 링크가 균등하게 사용되도록 함으로써 광경로(lightpath)의 개수를 최소화하여, 주어진 네트워크에서의 파장의 최소 개수를 찾아내는데 Ants System이 효과적으로 적용될 수 있음을 보인다.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.148-149
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• 2001

순광학적 스위치와 logic gate는 초고속 networks와 컴퓨터를 위한 차세대의 기술로 부각되고 있다. 현재 사용되고 있는 전자적인 switching, routing, 신호 처리들은 대용량 고속화에 그 한계를 나타내고 있다. 미래에 요구되는 초고속 광 네트워크의 계획은 광학 스위치와 광 변조장치가 필요하다는 것을 지적하고있다 최근에 전자나 광전자적으로 가능한 것 이상으로 미래에 요구되는 Tera bits/sec에 접근할 수 있는 고속 연산과 신호처리가 가능한 스위칭에 관한 연구가 활발이 진행되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.17-35
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• 1997

This paper considers the efficient design of routing path and wavelength assignment in the single-hop WDM optical transport networks. The connection demands between node-pairs are given and a connection between a pair of nodes must be made by only one lightpath. It is assumed that no wavelength conversion is allowed and the physical topology of the network and the number of available wavelengths of a physical link are also given. This paper proposes the method to route a path and assign a wavelength to the path, which guarantees fairness to every node pair. In order to guarantee fairness and maximize connections, an optimization model is established, which successively maximizes minimum connection ratio to the demand of each node pair. A heuristic algorithm with polynomial iterations is developed for the problem since the problem is NP-hard. The heuristic algorithm is implemented and applied to the networks with real problem sizes. The results of the application are compared with GAMS/OSL.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2002

This paper considers a routing and wavelength assignment problem (RWAP) for the implementation of efficient Wavelength Division Multiplexing all-optical mesh networks without wavelength conversion. For a given physical network and required connections, the solution to the RWAP consists in how to select a suitable path and wavelength among the many possible choices for each connection so that no two paths using the same wavelength pass through the same link, while minimizing the number of required wavelengths. We introduce an integer programming formulation of the RWAP, which has an exponential number of variables, and propose an algorithm to solve it based on the column generation technique. The proposed algorithm can yield high quality solutions and tight lower bounds at the same time. Though the proposed algorithm cannot guarantee optimal solutions, computational results show that the algorithm yields provably good solutions within a reasonable time.