• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2017

Compare with other communication system based RF technology, Optical Camera Communication (OCC) has limitation on data rate due to the low frame rate of camera. The limitation on data rate can be solved with multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology; and it is the final target of all researches on OCC. The MIMO topology can be implemented easily without breaking out the architecture of image sensor. For image sensor classification, there are two architectures have been developed: rolling shutter and global shutter. The operation of two techniques is different so the performance is also different. In this paper we analyze and evaluate the performance of the MIMO architecture for OCC.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.4738-4758
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• 2017

Resource allocation plays a crucial role in multiuser multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems to improve overall system performance. While previously proposed resource allocation algorithms are mainly designed from the point of view of the information-theoretic, we formulate the resource allocation problem as an average bit error rate (BER) minimization problem subject to a total power constraint when considering employing realistic MIMO detection techniques. Subsequently, we derive the optimal subcarrier and power allocation algorithms for three types of well-known MIMO detectors, including the maximum likelihood (ML) detector, linear detectors, and successive interference cancellation (SIC) detectors. To reduce the complexity, we also propose a two-step suboptimal algorithm that separates subcarrier and power allocation for each detector. We also analyze the diversity gain of the proposed suboptimal algorithms for various MIMO detectors. Simulation results confirm that the proposed suboptimal algorithm for each detector can achieve a comparable performance with the optimal allocation with a much lower complexity. Moreover, it is shown that the suboptimal algorithms perform better than the conventional algorithms that are known in the literature.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2015

A novel color clustered optical RGB multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is presented. As visible light can be divided into three primary regions of red, green and blue, data can be modulated and transmitted separately using these three color clusters. Each color cluster comprised of 30 RGB LEDs is modulated using on-off-keying (OOK), and selection combining is performed at the receiver, producing a diversity effect within that color cluster. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed RGB MIMO VLC system provides high performance via a relatively simple design of MIMO. Moreover, the proposed system ensures sufficient illumination from LEDs and offers extended distance if more LEDs are applied.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2024

In medium- and long-range optical imaging systems, atmospheric turbulence causes blurring and distortion of images, resulting in loss of image information. An image-restoration method based on an adaptive feature-fusion multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) dense U-shaped network (Unet) is proposed, to restore a single image degraded by atmospheric turbulence. The network's model is based on the MIMO-Unet framework and incorporates patch-embedding shallow-convolution modules. These modules help in extracting shallow features of images and facilitate the processing of the multi-input dense encoding modules that follow. The combination of these modules improves the model's ability to analyze and extract features effectively. An asymmetric feature-fusion module is utilized to combine encoded features at varying scales, facilitating the feature reconstruction of the subsequent multi-output decoding modules for restoration of turbulence-degraded images. Based on experimental results, the adaptive feature-fusion MIMO dense U-shaped network outperforms traditional restoration methods, CMFNet network models, and standard MIMO-Unet network models, in terms of image-quality restoration. It effectively minimizes geometric deformation and blurring of images.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2016

A 2 Gbit/s visible-light communication (VLC) scheme using time-frequency color-clustered (TFCC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) based on blue, cyan, yellow, and red (BCYR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is presented. In the proposed scheme, BCYR LEDs are employed to form four different color clusters. Data transmission using the four color clusters is performed in MIMO, so that the scheme achieves a very high speed of data transmission. Moreover, the scheme employs the TFCC strategy to yield high performance in terms of bit error rate (BER). TFCC operates in such a way that the original data and the two delayed versions of the data are multiplied by orthogonal frequencies and then transmitted using a specific color of the BCYR LED. In the receiver, color filters are employed to detect the data transmitted from the desired cluster. Selection combining (SC) is also performed to yield a diversity effect within each color cluster, to further improve the performance. Performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed TFCC MIMO VLC offers a data rate of 2 Gbit/s and a bit error rate of 4×10^-5, at an E_b/N_o value of merely 3 dB.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.634-646
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• 2015

Assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and receiver, the optimization problem of maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between two received signals by a linear precoder is considered for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with arbitrary dimensions and arbitraryary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) input. A general precoding framework is first presented based on the Gram matrix, which is shown for 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-dimensional (3-D) MIMO systems when employing the ellipse expanding method (EEM). An extended precoder for high-dimensional MIMO system is proposed following the precoding framework, where the Gram matrix for high-dimensional precoding matrix can be generated through those chosen from 2-D and 3-D results in association with a permutation matrix. A complexity-reduced maximum likelihood detector is also obtained according to the special structure of the proposed precoder. The analytical and numerical results indicate that the proposed precoder outperforms the other precoding schemes in terms of both minimum distance and bit error rate (BER).

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권1A호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2011

발광 다이오드와 같은 광원을 이용하여 조명과 통신의 두가지 기능을 동시에 이용할 수 있는 가시광 무선 통신은 최근 초고속 개인용 무선 네트워크에서 각광을 받고 있다. 광원의 제한된 대역폭으로 인하여 무선 광채널에서 전송률을 향상시키는 것이 이슈로 대두되는 가운데, 본 논문에서는 전송률을 향상시키는 기법으로써 다중 입출력 무선 광채널에서 두 개의 데이터 스트림을 지원하기 위해 고유값 분해를 이용한 공간 다중화 시스템을 설계한다. 채널의 변화에 따라 적응적 변조 기법을 적용하여 주파수 효율을 높이기 위해 펄스 진폭 변조 기법을 이용한다. 본 논문에서는 세기 변조를 이용한 변조 기법의 세 가지 제한 조건인 비음수성, 총 광출력값, 비트 오류율에 대하여 주파수 효율성을 향상시키기 위해 광출력값, 오프셋값, 변조 크기를 적응적으로 할당하기 위한 기법을 이론적으로 제안한다. 모의 실험 결과를 통해 본 논문의 제안 기법이 각 데이터 스트림에 광출력값을 동일하게 할당하는 기법에 비해 성능 향상을 이룰 수 있다는 것을 보인다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2013

An effective signal detection algorithm with low complexity is presented for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. The proposed technique, QR-MLD, combines the conventional maximum likelihood detection (MLD) algorithm and the QR algorithm, resulting in much lower complexity compared to MLD. The proposed technique is compared with a similar algorithm, showing that the complexity of the proposed technique with T=1 is a 95% improvement over that of MLD, at the expense of about a 2-dB signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) degradation for a bit error rate (BER) of $10^{-3}$. Additionally, with T=2, the proposed technique reduces the complexity by 73% for multiplications and 80% for additions and enhances the SNR performance about 1 dB for a BER of $10^{-3}$.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권8B호
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• pp.706-711
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• 2012

기존의 LED (Light Emitting Diode)를 이용한 가시광 통신방식은 주로 수 m 의 짧은 전송거리와 수백 Mb/s 이하의 낮은 전송속도를 보여왔다. 이를 타개하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) 기술을 가시광 통신에 적용하고자 하는 연구를 수행하였다. 빛은 RF 주파수와는 물리적 특성이 다르기 때문에 기존의 RF 주파수에서 사용되던 MIMO 기술의 이론을 그대로 가시광 통신에 적용하기는 힘들다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 렌즈를 이용하여 물리적으로 광신호를 분리하고, 이미지 센서를 수신기로 사용하여 MIMO 기술을 구현하는 방식을 채택하였다. 본 논문에서는 상용 이미지센서를 이용하여 채널당 200 bit/s의 전송속도 및 전송거리 10.5 m의 장거리 $2{\times}2$ MIMO LED 무선 가시광 통신 실험을 구현하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38C권9호
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• pp.797-801
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• 2013

Visible light communication (VLC) is a rapidly growing area of research and applications, due to the potential and predicted high efficiency of bandwidth. One of the key challenges in VLC technology is the choice of devices which are going to be deployed VLC features. Smartphone rationally uses the most widely deployed visible light sensor i.e. image sensor in camera, which could be used to receive the intensity modulated data. Image sensor based VLC system would be the most deployable scenario but initially the capacity was not much attractive compared with photodetector based VLC system. Here, the spatial multiplexing is proposed in MIMO based VLC system to increase the system capacity by utilizing the property of spatial separation of optical light sources in smartphone's camera module. The active pixels of imaging plane act as the multiple receivers which could be able to use on MIMO spatial multiplexing to enhance the system performance.