• 농촌계획
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

This study was to analyze the Life-Cycle Physical Activity Therapy Programs (PATPs) in Hoseo Region and to suggest the Activation of the program. The subjects were the 81 PATPs performed in 36 of the Community Health Centers in the region. The basic data was collected by Official Documents, the Homepage of the Centers, Telephone Interview, and e-mail with the person in charge of the programs. All the data were classified to the administrative districts (Rural, Urban-Rural Intergration and Urban Region), the Life Cycles (Children, Youth, Adult and Old Adult) and the Health-related Fitness Variables (Strength/Muscle endurance, Flexibility and Aerobics). The ACSM's (American College Sports Medicine) Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription were used to evaluate the PATPs. In the results, the number of the PATPs was too low compared to the population. Also, the PATPs were not considered to the Life-Cycle proportion of the population. The management of the PATPs was principally inadequate. The frequency and duration of the PATPs were deficient in order to improve the Health-related Fitness. In conclusion, the number of the PATPs should be increased proportionally compared to the population, operated and developed on the Specificity of the Life-Cycle Population in the administrative districts. Further, the PATPs should be managed on the scientific knowledge of physical activity therapy.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2020

생산라인의 운영 효율화, 설비의 융통성을 위하여 제조계획부터 생산에 이르기까지 산업자동화의 구축과 운영이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. ISO/TC184는 생산라인에서 지역적으로 분산되어 있는 PLC, IoT 등 프로그램식 단위제어기기(Programmable Devices)들의 정보를 공유할 수 있는 운영방식들에 대한 표준화가 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서 셀 콘트롤러의 설계는 열 공정에 대한 온도센서, 가스센서, 압력센서 등의 신호와 이를 대응하는 모터나 밸브 등의 동작을 수행하는 PLC그룹과 IoT 그룹으로 구성하였다. 셀 콘트롤러의 동작과 해석은 SDN(Software Defined Network)를 활용한 열공정에서 수행되는 공정 서비스 유형으로는 실시간(real-time) 전송 서비스, 손실에 민감한 대용량 전송 서비스, 일반(normal) 전송 서비스로 세 종류로 설정하고 수행하였다. 모의실험 결과는 SDN 경로 기법을 활용하여 결과 트래픽 증가 시에 평균 손실률은 약 17% 개선되었고, 실시간 서비스의 지연은 1ms의 낮은 수준으로 성능향상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

Background: The hamstring is a muscle that crosses two joints, that is the hip and knee, and its flexibility is an important indicator of physical health in its role in many activities of daily living such as sitting, walking, and running. Limited range of motion (ROM) due to hamstring tightness is strongly related to back pain and malfunction of the hip joint. High-frequency diathermy (HFD) therapy is known to be effective in relaxing the muscle and increasing ROM. Objects: To investigate the effects of HFD on active knee extension ROM and hamstring tone and stiffness in participants with hamstring tightness. Methods: Twenty-four participants with hamstring tightness were recruited, and the operational definition of hamstring tightness in this study was active knee extension ROM of below 160° at 90° hip flexion in the supine position. HFD was applied to the hamstring for 15 minutes using the WINBACK device. All participants were examined before and after the intervention, and the results were analyzed using a paired t-test. The outcome measures included knee extension ROM, the viscoelastic property of the hamstring, and peak torque for passive knee extension. Results: The active knee extension ROM significantly increased from 138.8° ± 9.9° (mean ± standard deviation) to 143.9° ± 10.4° after the intervention (p < 0.05), while viscoelastic property of the hamstring significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Also, the peak torque for knee extension significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Application of HFD for 15 minutes to tight hamstrings immediately improves the active ROM and reduces the tone, stiffness, and elasticity of the muscle. However, further experiments are required to examine the long-term effects of HFD on hamstring tightness including pain reduction, postural improvement around the pelvis and lower extremities, and enhanced functional movement.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.208-222
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• 2021

Managing with the presence of sea ice is the primary challenge in the operation of floating platforms in the Arctic region. It is widely accepted that offshore structures operating in Arctic conditions need station-keeping methods as well as ice management by icebreakers. Dynamic Positioning (DP) is one of the station-keeping methods that can provide mobility and flexibility in marine operations. The presence of sea ice generates complex external forces and moments acting on the vessel, which need to be counteracted by the DP system. In this paper, an icevaning control algorithm is proposed that enables Arctic offshore vessels to perform DP operations. The proposed icevaning control enables each vessel to be oriented toward the direction of the mean environmental force induced by ice drifting so as to improve the operational safety and reduce the overall thruster power consumption by having minimum external disturbances naturally. A mathematical model of an Arctic offshore vessel is summarized for the development of the new icevaning control algorithm. To determine the icevaning action of the Arctic offshore vessel without any measurements and estimation of ice conditions including ice drift, task and null space are defined in the vessel model, and the control law is formulated in the task space. A backstepping technique is utilized to handle the nonlinearity of the Arctic offshore vessel's dynamic model, and the Lyapunov stability theory is applied to guarantee the stability of the proposed icevaning control algorithm. Experiments are conducted in the ice tank of the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.58-74
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• 2022

Deterministic accident analysis plays a central role in the nuclear power plant (NPP) safety evaluation and licensing process. Traditionally the conservative approach opted for the point kinetics model, expressing the reactor core parameters in the form of reactivity and power tables. However, with the current advances in computational power, high fidelity multi-physics simulations using real-time code coupling, can provide more detailed core behavior and hence more realistic plant's response. This is particularly relevant for transients where the core is undergoing reactivity anomalies and uneven power distributions with strong feedback mechanisms, such as reactivity initiated accidents (RIAs). This work addresses a RIA, specifically a control element assembly (CEA) withdrawal at power, using the multi-physics analysis tool RELAP5/MOD 3.4/3DKIN. The thermal-hydraulics (TH) code, RELAP5, is internally coupled with the nodal kinetics (NK) code, 3DKIN, and both codes exchange relevant data to model the nuclear power plant (NPP) response as the CEA is withdrawn from the core. The coupled model is more representative of the complex interactions between the thermal-hydraulics and neutronics; therefore the results obtained using a multi-physics simulation provide a larger safety margin and hence more operational flexibility compared to those of the point kinetics model reported in the safety analysis report for APR1400. The systems engineering approach is used to guide the development of the work ensuring a systematic and more efficient execution.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.369-375
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• 2004

Gas turbine engine simulation in terms of transient, steady state performance and operational characteristics is complex work at the various engineering functions of aero engine manufacturers. Especially, efficiency of control system design and development in terms of cost, development period and technical relevance implies controlling diverse simulation and identification activities. The previous engine simulation has been accomplished within a limited analysis area such as fan, compressor, combustor, turbine, controller, etc. and this has resulted in improper engine performance and control characteristics because of limited interaction between analysis areas. In this paper, we propose a new simulation methodology for gas turbine engine performance analysis as well as its digital controller to solve difficulties as mentioned above. The novel method has particularities of (ⅰ) resulting in the integrated control simulation using almost every component/module analysis, (ⅱ) providing automated math model generation process of engine itself, various engine subsystems and control compensators/regulators, (ⅲ) presenting total sophisticated output results and easy understandable graphic display for a final user. We call this simulation system GT3GS (Gas Turbine 3D Graphic Simulator). GT3GS was built on both software and hardware technology for total simulation capable of high calculation flexibility as well as interface with real engine controller. All components in the simulator were implemented using COTS (Commercial Off the Shelf) modules. In addition, described here includes GT3GS main features and future works for better gas turbine engine simulation.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2013

This case focuses on WE CAN Cookies, a social enterprise in South Korea that was founded in 2001 with the support of the Korean Roman Catholic Church. WE CAN Cookies specializes in the making of high quality organic cookies. As a nonprofit organization that uses a labor force of mostly mentally disabled workers, the company faces many challenges that normal companies do not experience. The company had to initially overcome the social prejudice that the handicapped cannot make good cookies. Despite the religious background and social agenda of the company, it started making inroads as a cookie-making business only after its managers, including the nuns who run it began adopting modern management philosophies and practices. The WE CAN Cookies case illustrates three main marketing-related concepts: One, WE CAN Cookies is a good example of how social enterprises face a broader spectrum of challenges when compared to conventional profit-seeking enterprises. Two, WE CAN Cookies demonstrates that social enterprises need flexibility in formulating their business strategies. Even though WE CAN Cookies is subject to many constraints, as a social enterprise it can also take advantage of new opportunities for obtaining support from the government and from the private sector. Three, WE CAN Cookies shows that these types of operations need to create greater balance in their social and business competencies to ensure the long term viability. Social enterprises are certified by governments with the stated goal of improving the lives and the wellbeing of special interest group. As important as achieving these objectives are, social enterprises also must additionally be able to build their operational capabilities not only in manufacturing but also in functions such as marketing.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2023

The United States (US) National Science Foundation's (NSF's) National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a continental-scale observation facility, constructed and operated by Battelle, that collects long-term ecological data to better understand and forecast how US ecosystems are changing. All data and samples are collected using standardized methods at 81 field sites across the US and are freely and openly available through the NEON data portal, application programming interface (API), and the NEON Biorepository. NSF led a decade-long design process with the research community, including numerous workshops to inform the key features of NEON, culminating in a formal final design review with an expert panel in 2009. The NEON construction phase began in 2012 and was completed in May 2019, when the observatory began the full operations phase. Full operations are defined as all 81 NEON sites completely built and fully operational, with data being collected using instrumented and observational methods. The intent of the NSF is for NEON operations to continue over a 30-year period. Each challenge encountered, problem solved, and risk realized on NEON offers up lessons learned for constructing and operating distributed ecological data collection infrastructure and data networks. NEON's construction phase included offices, labs, towers, aquatic instrumentation, terrestrial sampling plots, permits, development and testing of the instrumentation and associated cyberinfrastructure, and the development of community-supported collection plans. Although colocation of some sites with existing research sites and use of mostly "off the shelf" instrumentation was part of the design, successful completion of the construction phase required the development of new technologies and software for collecting and processing the hundreds of samples and 5.6 billion data records a day produced across NEON. Continued operation of NEON involves reexamining the decisions made in the past and using the input of the scientific community to evolve, upgrade, and improve data collection and resiliency at the field sites. Successes to date include improvements in flexibility and resilience for aquatic infrastructure designs, improved engagement with the scientific community that uses NEON data, and enhanced methods to deal with obsolescence of the instrumentation and infrastructure across the observatory.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2024

Rotating beams play a crucial role in representing complex mechanical components that are prevalent in vital sectors like energy and transportation industries. These components are susceptible to the initiation and propagation of cracks, posing a substantial risk to their structural integrity. This study presents a two-stage methodology for detecting the location and estimating the size of an open-edge transverse crack in a rotating Euler-Bernoulli beam with a uniform cross-section. Understanding the dynamic behavior of beams is vital for the effective design and evaluation of their operational performance. In this regard, modal parameters such as natural frequencies and eigenmodes are frequently employed to detect and identify damages in mechanical components. In this instance, the Frobenius method has been employed to determine the first two natural frequencies and corresponding eigenmodes associated with flapwise bending vibration. These calculations have been performed by solving the governing differential equation that describes the motion of the beam. Various parameters have been considered, such as rotational speed, beam slenderness, hub radius, and crack size and location. The effect of the crack has been replaced by a rotational spring whose stiffness represents the increase in local flexibility as a result of the damage presence. In the initial phase of the proposed methodology, a damage index utilizing the slope of the beam's eigenmode has been employed to estimate the location of the crack. After detecting the presence of damage, the size of the crack is determined using a Genetic Algorithm optimization technique. The ultimate goal of the proposed methodology is to enable the development of more suitable and reliable maintenance plans.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2023

현재 우리 군은 다가오는 인구절벽에 대비하기 위해 인공지능(AI) 기반의 과학기술강군 육성을 목표 국방혁신 4.0을 추진중에 있다. 특히 북한의 도발위협이 높아지는 현시점에 우리 군은 첨단기술을 활용한 과학화경계시스템 도입을 통해 병력절감을 도모하고 있다. 하지만 우리 군의 통합 전투능력을 보장하기 위한 핵심 기반통신체계인 전술정보통신체계(TICN)의 경우 전송 대역폭이 좁아 영상정보 송수신이 원활하지 않을뿐더러 보안 및 난청지역 발생 등의 이유로 평시 과학화경계시스템의 기반 네트워크로 활용하기에는 일부 제한적이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 2017년부터 국내에서 무료로 활용할 수 있게 된 TVWS 기반의 무선네트워크 구축 기술을 활용해 TVWS 기반 과학화경계시스템 구축방안을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 TVWS 기반 과학화경계시스템의 경우 기존의 유선네트워크 기반의 과학화경계시스템과 비교해 작전공백 최소화, 구축비용 절감, 설치 및 운용의 탄력성 측면에서 다양한 장점을 가진다.