• Water for future
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1983

One of the techniques to determine flood stages in natural channel is to find the solution of unsteady flow equations such as continuity and momentum equations. Since the exact analytic solution of these equations are not Known, the implicit numerical scheme is widely accepted tool for the approximate solution of equations. This technique is applied to the downstream of Daechung Dam in Geum River for the determination of flood stage for given frequency. However the flood stages are greatly affected by the method of reservoir Operation Method and Technical Operation Reservoir Method. Obviously, the Tech. ROM is found to be superior to Auto ROM.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.381-385
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• 2009

Objective : The objective of this study was to compare the surgical techniques for the correction of congenital cleft palate. Techniques and approaches : Four-hundred-sixity patients operated between 1993 and 2008 were included in this study. The collected data were age, sex, operating time, admission days, and complications. The comparison between techniques were done by independent t-test. Results: The majority (86.9 %) of patients were received the operation later than 1.5 years old. The distribution of each surgical technique was 43.8 % by Bardach palatoplasty, 11.9 % by Furlow palatoplasty, 1.8 % by Veau palatoplasty, and 42.4 % by the new technique developed by us. Postoperative complication such as wound dehiscence, formation of oro-nasal fistulas in the soft and hard palates were shown in 23.0 % of Bardach technique, 44.2 % of Furlow technique, and 37.5 % of Veau technique. However, only 5.4 % of patients were shown complications in our technique (P<0.001). The operation time was recorded 70 minutes under new technique while the others were 110 minutes (P<0.001). The clinical treatment at hospital was required 7.4 days for our technique and 11.3-15.5 days for the other methods. Conclusion : The surgical treatment of congenital cleft palate in Mongolia was conducted later than proper timing for surgery. As the results were indicated, our new technique should be considered for the correction of cleft palate in old aged patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1284-1289
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• 2008

This research was conducted to elucidate the optimum conditions for the maesil vinegar fermentation by Acetobacter sp. SK-7 using evolutionary operation (EVOP)-factorial design technique. The acidity of maesil vinegar was effected by ethanol concentration in the range of 3-7% (r=-0.5166), and glucose concentration in the range of 0.1-0.5% (r=-0.5061). The acidity of maesil vinegar was not effected by differentiation of temperature in the range of 24-$33^{\circ}C$ (r=0.1082). The optimum maesil vinegar fermentation by Acetobacter sp. SK-7 as determined by the EVOP-factorial design technique was obtained at an fermentation temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, ethanol concentration of 4%, glucose concentration of 0.2%. Furthermore, the acidity of vinegar increase from an initial acidity of 5.4% to 6.365% in the third set that is nearly 1.0% by EVOP-factorial design technique

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 1996

In most cities, travel demand is distributed along long corridors and its destinations tend to concentrate in a central business district. For this kind of many-to-one or one-to-many travel demand pattern, a zonal operation of buses can be an efficient bus operation technique in which a long bus-demand corridor is divided into service zones and each service zone is provided with its own bus route connecting the service zone and single destination separately. This paper develops models of the total transportation costs for a single-zone operation and 2-zonal operation of buses for a long demand corridor with single destination in terms of various cost parameters, demand density, bus operation speeds, and location of the boundary between two service zones. In this study the total transportation cost is assumed to consist of the bus operation cost, passenger waiting cost and passenger travel time cost. It was proved that a zonal operation of buses can be more efficient than a single-zone operation for certain circumstances of the system and an boundary condition between two operation techniques was obtained. Also, several case studies were performed for various values of the cost parameters.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2010

Many edentulous posterior maxilla are found to be compromised by alveolar resorption and increased pneumatization of the sinus. One of the surgical procedures to overcome this anatomical limitation is sinus floor elevation with bone graft, which is reported as more appropriate and more successful procedure. Commonly, if the residual bone height is over 5mm, sinus floor elevation is operated through transcrestal approach using osteotome technique. But, it is possible for patients to feel discomfort during operation and dizziness after operation while malleting, sinus floor elevation, using osteotome technique. Some instruments and methods has been used to overcome these problems and use more easily. The aim of this study is to compare between the surgical procedure of sinus floor elevation using Hatch reamer technique and that of sinus floor elevation using osteotome technique. From 2004 Feb to 2007 Oct, we investigate patients (osteotome group: 72, Hatch reamer group: 70) who were given implant surgery with sinus floor elevation (osteotome group: 92, Hatch reamer group: 98). We analysed gender, age, residual bone height, amount of sinus floor elevation, used graft material, total success rate, failure rate by residual bone height and implant type and discomfort during operation, etc. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the amount of sinus elevation was osteotome group was $3.85{\pm}1.02\;mm$ and Hatch reamer group was $3.93{\pm}1.38\;mm$. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). 2. At the total success rate, osteotome group was 92.4% and Hatch reamer group was 94.9%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). 3. On the discomfort during the operation by using numerical rating scale, osteotome group was $2.87{\pm}0.83$ and Hatch reamer group was $1.12{\pm}0.64$. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The Hatch reamer group clinical results was similar to osteotome group and we thought that Hatch reamer technique can overcome the faults of osteotome technique.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2010

The Bentall-DeBono operation is the technique of choice for aortic root replacement. When the patients have contraindications for lifelong anticoagulation, the biologic Bentall operation may be a good option. However, complex reoperation may be required when bioprosthetic degeneration occurs. For this reason, a new technique for simple reoperation after the Bentall operation has recently been performed by some surgeons. We performed a similar technique in two patients with aortic root dilation and for whom aortic valve sparing techniques could not be performed because of an unrepairable valve contour, we think this modification seems to be simple and reproducible for reoperation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.272-277
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• 2018

This research was conducted to elucidate the optimum conditions for the antibacterial activity of konjak jelly using the evolutionary operation-factorial design technique. In the first set of experiments, concentration of a coagulation agent, soaking liquid, and temperature of water were set to 0.4%, $0.6{\times}10^{-2}N$, and $65^{\circ}C$ as a central point, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity was acquired at E21, in which the number of bacteria was 1.25 log cfu/g. Because the code of changes in the main effect was (-), it could be decided that the central point of the first set was not the optimum point. Although antibacterial activity in the second set was improved, the values of the main effect were higher than that of changes in the mean effect. The central point of third set was concentration of coagulation agent 0.8%, concentration of soaking liquid $1.0{\times}10^{-2}N$, and temperature of water $65^{\circ}C$. It was found that the antibacterial activity of central point in the third set was highest among all the tested set. Further, all the necessary conditions were appropriate to reach the optimum condition. The antibacterial activity of the central point in third set was more than 1,000 times higher than that of E11, in first set.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.335-353
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• 2017

This paper presents the application technique on thrust jacking pressuring of shield TBM in the sharp curved tunnel alignment by model tests. Recently, the application of shield TBM method as mechanized tunnelling is increasing to prevent the vibration and noise problems, which can be occurred in the NATM in the urban area in Korea. However, it is necessary to plan the sharp curved tunnel alignment in order to avoid the building foundation and underground structures, to develop the shield TBM operation technique in the shape curved tunnel alignment. Therefore, the main operation parameters of shield TBM in the curved tunnel alignment are reviewed and analyzed based on the case study and analytical study. The results show that the operation of shield jacking force system is the most important technique in the shape curved tunnel alignment. The simplified scaled model tests are also carried out in order to examine the ground-shield TBM head behaviour. The earth pressures acting on the head of shield TBM are investigated according to two different shield jacking force systems (uniform and un-uniform pressure) and several articulation angles. The results obtained from the model tests are analysed. These results will be very useful to understand the shield TBM head interaction behaviour due to the shield jacking operation technique in the shape curved tunnel alignment, and to develop the operation technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.4 no.1 s.12
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to develop single dam operation models for flood control using Fuzzy control technique, which can improve flood controllability. We set control rules by water level and inflow, and developed three models Fuzzy I, II, III according to rule to decide outflow. Fuzzy I model consists of six rules considering only flood control and Fuzzy II model considers the effect of water use by increasing water level at the end of flood control period as well as flood control during the same period. Finally, Fuzzy m is an adaptive model designed to perform multipurpose dam operation for both flood control and water use simultaneously based on a control rules.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1359-1371
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• 2020

In transmitting and receiving such a large amount of data, reliable data communication is crucial for normal operation of a device and to prevent abnormal operations caused by errors. Therefore, in this paper, it is assumed that an error correction code (ECC) that can detect and correct errors by itself is used in an environment where massive data is sequentially received. Because an embedded system has limited resources, such as a low-performance processor or a small memory, it requires efficient operation of applications. In this paper, we propose using an accelerated ECC-decoding technique with a graphics processing unit (GPU) built into the embedded system when receiving a large amount of data. In the matrix-vector multiplication that forms the Hamming code used as a function of the ECC operation, the matrix is expressed in compressed sparse row (CSR) format, and a sparse matrix-vector product is used. The multiplication operation is performed in the kernel of the GPU, and we also accelerate the Hamming code computation so that the ECC operation can be performed in parallel. The proposed technique is implemented with CUDA on a GPU-embedded target board, NVIDIA Jetson TX2, and compared with execution time of the CPU.