• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate if the Ilizarov external fixation procedure with axial compression can help to obtain fusion across the ankle joint in patients with a high risk of nonunion. Materials and Methods: From January 2006 to December 2015, the study reviewed 17 patients who underwent ankle arthropathy with a high risk of nonunion and who underwent ankle fusion using the Ilizarov external fixator with axial compression and auto bone grafting. After the lateral surface of the ankle joint was exposed through a lateral trans-fibular approach, massive removal of the articular cartilage and excision of any loose or avascular bone were done. With the cortical bone harvested from the pelvis as corticocancellous bone blocks, we inserted the two cortical blocks longitudinally into the anterior and posterior part of the free ankle space from lateral to medial to make the rectangular chamber to fill the cancellous bones. After the Ilizarov external fixator was equipped, we tightened the frame by 5 mm to compress the bone graft space. We accessed the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) AnkleHindfoot score both preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: The average age at the time of operation was 63.4 years (range, 47~78 years). The mean frame time was 17.4 weeks (range, 15~23 weeks). The average follow-up period was 3.7 years (range, 2~6 years). Osseous fusion was obtained in 15 patients (88.2%). There were two stable pseudarthroses among the rheumatoid arthritis patients, and we continued their follow-up. The mean AOFAS AnkleHindfoot score improved from 48.5 to 73.7 points. Conclusion: Ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov external fixation with axial compression and auto bone grafting on the ankle arthropathy that had difficult conditions to achieve union is considered one of the useful methods with a correspondingly low incidence of complications.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics and chronological changes of gastric cancer in Korea, the Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association performed nationwide survey for 2004. Materials and Methods: The data on patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery in 2004 were collected from 57 institutes and compared with those of 1995 and 1999 which were reported in 2002. Fourteen factors (sex, age, tumor location and size, gross type, approach to operation, radicality, operative method, reconstruction method, WHO and Lauren classification, UICC stage, and numbers of positive and retrieved lymph nodes) were analyzed. According to the annual number of gastric cancer operations, 57 institutes were divided into 4 groups (group 1, <100; 100 ${\leq}$ group 2 < 200 operations; 200 ${\leq}$ group 3 < 500 operations; group 4, ${\geq}500$). Results: Data on 11,293 patients were collected. The sex ratio (M : F) was 2.05 : 1 (7,586/3,705). The mean age was 58.0 years old. The age of highest incidence in both male and female has increased recently. The proportion of early gastric cancer has increased from 28.6% in 1995 and 32.8% in 1999 to 47.4% in 2004. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 34.0 (32.8, 34.0, 36.1, and 32.9 for group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively). Conclusion: Early gastric cancer has increased in 2004 compared to 1995 and 1999. Gastric cancer surgery seems to be performed with acceptable quality in view of number of retrieved lymph nodes. These data presented in nationwide survey could be used as a fundamental resource for gastric cancer in Korea.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 2004

The Reg. Guide 1.109 model was reviewed against its applicability to calculating radionuclide concentrations in agricultural products for operating nuclear facilities and an improved method was proposed. The model was so modified that the radionuclides deposited since the start of operation could be considered in assessing the root uptake. Translocation factors were introduced in the equation for calculating the concentrations in edible parts due to direct plant deposition. Values specific to Korea were set up for the input parameters of the modified model. The concentrations of $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co,\;^{90}Sr\;and\;^{137}Cs$ in rice seeds, Chinese cabbage and radish root were calculated for various hypothetical deposition histories using the Reg. Guide 1.109 model and the modified model with parameter values in the guide and those specific to Korea put in alternately. Through comparisons among the results, it could be expected that the use of the modified model with the input of parameter values specific to Korea would result In a more resonable and realistic assessment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

Amid of the logistics hub center competition is going to intensifying between the world major port, it is essential to pre-occupied the base in the logistics hub world take advantage of advanced technology of logistics equipment than other ports. In existing container terminal, when container moves the terminal use the omnidirectional and directional antenna in order to exchange data information on the basis of 802.11 wireless network system. Case of loading height of exceeding, the blind sport will occur and a limited frequency channel can't help using in the area. A limited frequency channel usage and nested areas happen to use the closed terminal, it has a great influence to operate the terminal working. In this paper, LTE network is configured provided by the specified company ('L' Corp,.Ltd) and terminal data extracted through LBO (Local Breakout) in the cell site which is configured directly with container terminal operation server. Using this method, container terminal yard equipment operate without overlapping arises with uninterrupted data presented for ways to efficiently. I would suggest both the existing wireless AP LAN configuration of container terminal and new LTE system and applied to the real yard operating devices situations. Through these methods presented comparative the existing network traffic with new constructed LTE configuration. I admired to suggest that wireless network LTE introduction is fundamental factors to get rid of the blind spot, the problem of limited frequency channel and overlapping arises. These essential points can be a continual improving terminal services and more efficient terminal operational management.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.3-9
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• 2017

In this study, plasma arc remelting behaviors according to arc current, arc voltage, and types of plasma gas were investigated using Kroll processed Ti sponges as anode. In the discharge pressure range of vacuum pump ($200{\sim}300kgf/cm^2$), the arc voltage did not vary greatly with the increase of discharge pressure at a given arc length. This means that the pressure in the vacuum chamber during operation hardly changes and the atmospheric pressure maintains. Under various conditions of arc currents (700~900A), the arc voltage slightly increased with arc current. The effects of anode materials and operational variables on the arc length-arc voltage relationship were compared with the results in previous studies. When the atmospheric gas changed from argon to helium, double effect of improvement on the output of the steady state was observed. The increase of output in the plasma arc device was accompanied by an increase in the melting rate of the Ti sponge and the quality of the ingot surface was also improved. The plasma arc remelting of the new scrap titanium and the old scrap zirconium alloy could result in the fabrication of an ingot with high surface quality.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine if ego resilience has regulating effects in correlation between child care teachers' job stress and work environment and their performance of roles with child care teachers working in Seoul and Incheon. PASW 20.0 was employed to conduct frequency, percentage, and reliability analysis. For each of the study questions, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and stepwise regression analysis were done. The findings of this study are as follows; First, job stress perceived by child care teachers is found to have negative effects on their performance of roles. Second, work environment perceived by child care teachers such as relationship with the director, relationship with fellow teachers, welfare environment, support for teacher expertise, and factors related to operation or decision making are found to influence their performance of roles. Lastly, in correlation between work environment perceived by child care teachers and their performance of roles, ego resilience has regulating effects, and so does it in correlation between job stress and their performance of roles.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3D
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• pp.343-353
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• 2011

The unsignalized intersections in a community road in the city of Seoul have 3,753 traffic accidents(9%) of total 41,702 cases in 2008, not high in the occurrence rate of traffic accidents, but seem to have a quite high potential of accidents due to the unreasonable and insufficient operation of systems and facilities in the part of traffic foundations. In particular, the un-signalized intersections in a community road have an insufficient measure for safety as compared to the crossroads with signals, and there are few analysis of traffic accidents and domestic researches on the model of affecting factors. Our country also has no concept of passing priority in operating a crossroad without signals, differently from foreign countries, so the researches and safety measures for improving the safety of a crossroad without signals in a community road are urgent. Therefore, This study set out to analyze the road conditions, traffic conditions, and traffic environment conditions on unsignalized intersection, to identify the elements that would impose obstructions in safety, and develop a traffic accident prediction model to evaluate the safety of an unsignalized intersection using the correlation between the elements and an accident. In addition, the focus was made on suggesting appropriate traffic safety policies by dealing with the danger elements in advance and on enhancing the safety on intersection in developing a traffic accident prediction model for an unsignalized intersection.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2011

The use of soft magnetic materials have been increasing in the various industrial fields according to the increasing demand for high performance, automatic, miniaturing equipments in the recent our life. In this study, we investigated the effect of factors on the core loss and magnetic properties of electrical steel and soft magnetic composites. Furthermore, we reviewed the major efforts to reduce the core loss and improve the soft magnetic properties in the two main soft magnetic materials. Domain purification which results from reduced density of defects in cleaner electrical steels is combined with large grains to reduce hysteresis loss. The reduced thickness and the high electrical conductivity reduce the eddy current component of loss. Furthermore, the coating applied to the surface of electrical steel and texture control lead to improve high permeability and low core loss. There is an increasing interest in soft magnetic composite materials because of the demand for miniaturization of cores for power electronic applications. The SMC materials have a broad range of potential applications due to the possibility of true 3-D electromagnetic design and higher frequency operation. Grain size, sintering temperature, and the degree of porosity need to be carefully controlled in order to optimize structure-sensitive properties such as maximum permeability and low coercive force. The insulating coating on the powder particles in SMCs eliminates particle-to-particle eddy current paths hence minimizing eddy current losses, but it reduces the permeability and to a small extent the saturation magnetization. The combination of new chemical composition with optimum powder manufacturing processes will be able to result in improving the magnetic properties in soft magnetic composite materials, too.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2015

The turnout system, which determines the direction of the train, is not only a key system but also a vulnerable system. Failure of this system may lead to a delay of the train or even casualties. In this light, it is necessary to precisely the conditions of the turnout system. Currently, ROADMASTER of Germany is used as a diagnostic system in Korea. However, a new diagnostic system should be developed for optimized operation of the turnout system with maintenance that is suitable for the Korean railway environment. In this paper, a Fault Tree Analysis for the representative faults of the turnout system is conducted and physical quantities, which can be the cause of the fault, are classified according to the component and function. Also, the measuring factors for the monitoring are derived and a decision making theory is suggested. On the basis of the results, we propose a new turnout diagnostic system that can provide more driverse and precise information than the conventional system.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-109
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• 2009

Such factors as the increase of population and me development of information technology were raised the needs of citizens in Korea. To meet these needs for the better services, Korean government has built up the computer networks that connect forty-two administrative operations of the central government since 1984. Through the computerization of administrative services, Korean government has been pursuing the balanced development among the regions in the country. To this end, regional informationization has been implemented since the mid 1980s. Specifically, rural villages has become information network villages (invils) by adopting computers and networks. Consequently, three hundred thirty-seven invils were implemented in the country. By selecting forty-six invils in Kyeongbuk province in Korea, this research was intended to find efficient and effective ways of operating invils. To find the problems and opportunities of the invils, the researcher has visited each of the forty-six invils between January 12th. and February 12th. in 2009. Two-round surveys were distributed to the managers of these forty-six invils. This research identified ten problems as below. a. Problems after the implementation of invils b. Problems occurred at the same rime as the operation of invils c. Problems with regard to the invil managers d. Problems with regard to the criteria of success or failure e. Problems with regard to the cooperation of administrative offices f. Problems with regard to the boosting of invil experience g. Problems with regard to software assurance developed in invils h. Problems with regard to incentives to invlis i. Problems with regard to the role of invils To solve these problems in hands of invils, this research suggested policy ideas in two levels: 1. invils 2. government Policies should be implemented by invils: a. The strengthening of training rural people for the better utilization of computers b. The strengthening of the regulations on membership management and electronic commerce c. The establishment of the invil managers' job tenure d. The reformation of measuring the success or failure of an invil e. The integration of administrative offices centralized by invils f. The establishment of trust between administrative offices and invils g. the integration of experience villages and invil managing offices h. The revitalization of incentives to invils and experience villages i. The enforcement of cooperative offices among invils Policies to be implemented by the government: a. The revitalization of electronic commerce through invils b. The rationalization of selecting invils in an area c. The unification of various offices for rural informationization d. The construction of portal sites for rural areas e. The continuous training of IT leaders in rural areas f. The provision of pays to invil managers based on break-even points g. The transcendentalization toward the second new town movement