• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 2020

Purpose: In patients with trauma, rhabdomyolysis (RM) can lead to fatal complications resulting from muscle damage. Thus, RM must be immediately diagnosed and treated to prevent complications. Creatine kinase (CK) is the most sensitive marker for diagnosing RM. However, relying on CK tests may result in delayed treatment, as it takes approximately 1 hour to obtain CK blood test results. Hence, this study investigated whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could predict RM at an earlier time point in patients with trauma, since NLR results can be obtained within 10 minutes. Methods: This retrospective study included 130 patients with severe trauma who were admitted to the emergency room of a tertiary institution between January 2017 and April 2020. RM was defined as a CK level ≥1,000 U/L at the time of arrival. Patients with severe trauma were categorized into non-RM and RM groups, and their characteristics and blood test results were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. Results: Of the 130 patients with severe trauma, 50 presented with RM. In the multivariate analysis, the NLR (odds ratio [OR], 1.252; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.130-1.386), pH level (OR, 0.006; 95% CI, 0.000-0.198), presence of acute kidney injury (OR, 3.009; 95% CI, 1.140-7.941), and extremity Abbreviated Injury Scale score (OR, 1.819; 95% CI, 1.111-2.980) significantly differed between the non-RM and RM groups. A receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a cut-off NLR value of 3.64 was the best for predicting RM. Conclusions: In patients with trauma, the NLR at the time of arrival at the hospital is a useful biochemical marker for predicting RM.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2005

At present, Electronic industries push ahead to eliminate the Pb(Lead) -a hazardous material-from all products. Especially, we have performed to select the optimum standard composition of lead free alloy for the application to products for about 3 years from 2000. These days, we have the chance for applying to the mass-production. This project constructed the system for applying the lead free solders on consumer electronic products, which is one of the major products of the LG Electronics. To select the lead free solders with corresponding to the product features, we have passed through the test and applied with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy system to our products, and for the application to the high melting temperature composition, we secured the thermal resistance of the many parts and substrate and optimized the processing conditions. We have operated the temperature cycling test and the high temperature storage test under the standards to confirm the reliability of the products. On these samples, we considered the consequence of our decision by the operating test. For the long life time of the product, we have operated the temperature cycling test at $-45^{\circ}C\;-\;+125^{\circ}C$, 1 cycle/hour, 1000 cycles. Also we have tested the tin whisker growth about lead free plating on lead finish. We have analyzed with the SEM, EDS and any other equipment for confirming the failure mode at the joint and the tin whisker growth on lead free finish.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.138-145
• /
• 2012

Because of the climate changes and the development of building technologies, the cooling loads have been increased. Among the various renewable energies, geothermal energy is known as very useful and stable energy for heating and cooling of building. This study proposes a road snow-melting system of which heat is supplied from GSHP(Ground source heat pump) in viewpoint of the initial investment and annual running performance, which is also operating as a main facility of heating and cooling for common spaces. The results of this study is as followings. From the site measurement, it is found out that the road surface temperature above the geothermal heating pipe rose up to $5^{\circ}C$, which is the design temperature of road snow-melting, after 2 hours' operation and average COP(Coefficient of performance) was estimated as 3.5. The reliability of CFD has confirmed, because the temperature difference between results of CFD analysis and site measurement is only ${\pm}0.4^{\circ}C$ and the trend of temperature variation is quite similar. CFD analysis on the effect of pavement materials clearly show that more than 2 hours is needed for snow-melting, if the road is paved by ascon or concrete. But the road paved by brick is not reached to $5^{\circ}C$ at all. To evaluate the feasibility of snow-melting system operated by a geothermal circulation which has not GSHP, the surface temperature of concrete-paved road rise up to $0^{\circ}C$ after 2 hour and 40 minutes, and it does never increase to $5^{\circ}C$. And the roads paved by ascon and brick is maintained as below $0^{\circ}C$ after 12 hours geothermal circulation.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2010

산업체가 필요로 하는 인력의 양성을 위하여 대학에서는 공학교육의 질을 향상시키는 다양한 노력이 이뤄지고 있다. 유공압기초실습은 그러한 노력의 일환인 공학교육 인증과목으로, 자동화가 요구되는 모든 산업 분야에서 폭넓게 사용되고 있는 공압기기의 구성과 원리를 이해하고, 전기시퀀스회로의 프로그래밍과 공압시스템의 응용 설계능력 배양을 교과목 목표로 하고 있다. 본 교과목은 주당 3시간의 수업을 통하여 이론과 실습을 병행해야 하는데 실제 학생들에게 많은 내용을 전달하기에는 시간적인 여유가 절대적으로 부족하다. 이로 인하여 단편적인 전문지식 전달 강의로 진행 될 수밖에 없으며 산업체와 연계된 교육 또한 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 이에 대한 해결방법으로 E러닝을 통한 보완학습을 제시하고 있다. 한 학기 동안 유공압기초실습교과목의 오프라인 수업과 E러닝을 병행하고, 수업에 참여한 학생들을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 보완학습에 대한 효과를 분석하였다. 그리고 추후 필요한 연구에 대해서도 제시하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.210-219
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to solve the problem of crawled spinach harvesting that had been mainly done by manpower on the outdoor fields during the winter season. Moreover, there are not enough workers available for farming at most of rural areas in Korea because farming is getting hard and the number of old-aged workers is increasing. In order to find appropriate methods of digging, picking and collecting of spinach, the tests were examined outdoors. A prototype was designed based on the results of the tests and then fabricated for digging, picking-up and then collecting in continuous operation for harvesting spinach planted in the outdoor fields. In the field test with the prototype, the vibration intensity transmitted to the driver by vibrating blade was low while the vibrating blade reduced digging power by $46\%$ compared to that of the fixed blade. The spinach loss was found to be as low as $0.7\%$ in the condition of digging depth of 40 mm, cam rotational velocity of 748 rpm, and blade amplitude of 16.5 m. The working performance of the prototype spinach harvester was found to be 3.8 hour/10a resulting in $96\%$ of labor saving and $85\%$ of operating cost compared to the conventional manual harvesting.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
• /
• pp.159-161
• /
• 2007

Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), the world-first ocean remote sensing instrument on geostationary Communication, Ocean, Meteorological Satellite (COMS), will be able to take a picture of a large region several times a day (almost with every one hour interval). We, KORDI, are in charge for developing the GOCI data processing system (GDPS) which is the basic software for processing the data from GOCI. The GDPS will be based on windows operating system to produce the GOCI level 2 data products (useful for oceanographic environmental analysis) automatically in real-time mode. Also, the GDPS will be a user-interactive program by well-organized graphical user interfaces for data processing and visualization. Its products will be the chlorophyll concentration, amount of total suspended sediments (TSS), colored dissolved organic matters (CDOM) and red tide from water leaving radiance or remote sensing reflectance. In addition, the GDPS will be able to produce daily products such as water current vector, primary productivity, water quality categorization, vegetation index, using individual observation data composed from several subscenes provided by GOCI for each slit within the target area. The resulting GOCI level 2 data will be disseminated through LRIT using satellite dissemination system and through online request and download systems. This software is carefully designed and implemented, and will be tested by sub-contractual company until the end of this year. It will need to be updated in effect with respect to new/improved algorithms and the calibration/validation activities.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.254-254
• /
• 2011

The memories with nano-particles are very attractive because they are promising candidates for low operating voltage, long retention time and fast program/erase speed. In recent, various nano-floating gate memories with metal-oxide nanocrystals embedded in organic and inorganic layers have been reported. Because of the carrier generation in semiconductor, induced photon pulse enhanced the program/erase speed of memory device. We studied photo-induced electrical properties of these metal-oxide nanocrystal memory devices. At first, 2~10-nm-thick Sn and In metals were deposited by using thermal evaporation onto Si wafer including a channel with $n^+$ poly-Si source/drain in which the length and width are 10 ${\mu}m$ each. Then, a poly-amic-acid (PAA) was spin coated on the deposited Sn film. The PAA precursor used in this study was prepared by dissolving biphenyl-tetracarboxylic dianhydride-phenylene diamine (BPDA-PDA) commercial polyamic acid in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidon (NMP). Then the samples were cured at 400$^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in N atmosphere after drying at 135$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min through rapid thermal annealing. The deposition of aluminum layer with thickness of 200 nm was followed by using a thermal evaporator, and then the gate electrode was defined by photolithography and etching. The electrical properties were measured at room temperature using an HP4156a precision semiconductor parameter analyzer and an Agilent 81101A pulse generator. Also, the optical pulse for the study on photo-induced electrical properties was applied by Xeon lamp light source and a monochromator system.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2010

This paper describes the development of various lighting equipment adapting Ultra Constant Discharge Lamp that has newly been on commercial supply in the market. Meeting the required conditions of lighting equipment, various types of UCD Lamp equipment with excellent performances could be successfully developed. In order to provide a guideline for the economical lighting product selection, the analyzed data comparison between Hi-pressure Sodium Lamp which has been the most popular lamp for street lighting and UCD Lamp is provided. The conclusions of the study are made as follows; (1) The performance measurement result of UCD Lamp shows excellent Luminous Efficacy as 108Lm/W, daylight-like Color Rendering Index as 90Ra, and the best operating temperature range as $-50^{\circ}C{\sim}+85^{\circ}C$. Comparing to the Hi-pressure Sodium Lamp, UCD could be evaluated as much superior products. (2) In an assembled status with the lighting fixture (Type STB형-60W), UCD Lamp was tested OK for one hour duration at the temperature range form $-50^{\circ}C$ to $+85^{\circ}C$ and the humidity of 98%. The operation at the extremely low temperature can be an excellent feature to enable the export to the cold temperature regions such as Northern Europe and Russia and the specific applications for defense systems and special industry. (3) As UCD Lamp is a genuine Korea made product following Energy-saving and Eco-friendly policy, it should be appreciated as one of the best $CO^2$ reduction Green product.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2004

According to the research result of existing regarding the seabed organic sediment, contamination it flows from the land and the sea become the enemy in the coastal water. It was caused with the summer season water temperature rise and dispersing recall respect advancement. Phosphorus which is a main reason of red tide actual condition came to reveal vast quantity with the facts that it gushes. Specially, in the case of the coastal closing waters and the nursery, as the corpse and the fresh fish washing veterinarian was imbrued, it is the actual condition where is more deepened. Consequently the development of shallow layer dredging method of that suction power which is stabilized is demanded to be able to dredge only the sediment layer which has not become the pressure and is a main reason of being imbrued. The dredging methods using the pressure difference minimize the suction of the seabed sediment. This method is stable that suction power which occurs from guard difference of the guard and the guard of the dredging system inland water. That's why it is possible to sort dredging of the organic sediment ranging in upper layer sediment and it will be able to expect the minimization of dredging quantity. Increase of the expense that it followsin orthocenter with the fact will not grow. Because the pressure difference of the dredger inland water is occurred by the suction power. Maintenance administrative costs are reduced, because the one of smallest dredging system maneuvers and the barge which affixes an integrated operation system is mainly in a resting. To reduce a dredging hour, it will be able to solve in the condensed water as operating the jar guard post.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.575-581
• /
• 1995

Plasmid pTTY2에 의한 competent cell(P90c/$\phi$ 434)의 형질전환에 의하여 lipase를 생성하는 재조합 대장균(P90c/따434/pTTY2)을 합성하였다. Li pase 활성 조사를 위한 LAT plate, Rhodamine B plate를 이용한 실험에서 P90c/$\phi$434의 경우 halo 형성이 없었고, P90c/$\phi$434/pTTY2의 경우 용해시 켜 얻은 상등액과 용해되지 않은 미생물을 물리적으 로 깨 서 얻은 상등액 모두 halo를 형성하였다. P90c/$\phi$434/pTTY2에 대한 IPTG 유도시점, 유도 시간이 $\phi$434에 의한 미생물 용해에 미치는 영향을 살펴 봄으로써 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 재조합 대장균의 효과적인 용해는 ODGOO 0.5 ~ 2 2.5인 초기 exponential growth phase에서 IPTG 로 유도한 후, mitomycin C 첨가나 uv조사에 의 해 이루어진다. 2. 재조합 대장균의 용해는 IPTG 유도시간이 1 시간일 때 가장 효과적이었으며, 이후 유도시간이 증가할수록 감소하여 유도시간이 4시간일 때는 세포 용해가 이루어지지 않는다. 3. 실험한 범위에서 uv조사보다 mitomycin C 첨가가 세포 용해에 더 효과적이다. 본 연구결과가 대규모의 생물공학 생산물의 정제 에 응용되기 위해서는 고농도 세포에서의 세포용해 에 대한 연구가 펼요한 것으로 판단된다.