• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2003

Windows 운영체제 기반의 병렬처리 환경을 구축하였으며, 리눅스 운영체제 기반의 시스템과 비교하여 병렬처리 성능을 살펴보았다. Windows 클러스터는 Fast-Ethernet으로 연결된 서버와 클라이언트로 구성되어 있으며, 두 개의 클러스터가 동시에 또는 개별적으로 운용될 수 있도록 구성하였다. 계산 도구로서 Compaq Visual Fortran 컴파일러와 두 개의 MPI 라이브러리, MPICH.NT.1.2.2 와 MP-MPICHNT.1.2 를 설치하였다. 병렬 처리 성능 시험은 이차원 예조건화 Navier-Stokes 코드를 이용하여 수행하였으며, 리눅스 클러스터의 결과와 비교하여, 프로세서의 수, 문제의 크기 그리고 MPI 라이브러리에 따른 의존성을 살펴보았다. 이 결과는 사용자에게 친숙한 Windows 운영체제 기반의 클러스터가 병렬 계산 환경에서도 유용하며, 이전의 리눅스 클러스터에 버금가는 우수한 성능을 보여주었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of operating and design conditions of gas dispersion type of absorber on $SO_2$ removal efficiency. pH difference between upper and lower part of gas dispersing plate of absorber was 0.2, which was relatively low. This was supposed that recirculation capacity of absorbing liquid between froth zone and reaction zone of absorber be increased by oxidation air injection through liquid riser which acted as liquid pump. Test results showed that $SO_2$ removal efficiency was more sensitive than absorber ${\Delta}P$. High $SO_2$ removal even at lower pH resulted from very low concentration of $HSO_3^-$ ion in absorbing liquid because of direct supply of dissolved oxygen into froth zone. 96% of $SO_2$ removal efficiency was obtained under the condition of absorber pH 5.2, flue gas flow rate of $1,530\;Nm^3/hr$, inlet $SO_2$ concentration of 800 ppm, absorber ${\Delta}P$ of 250mmAq. The following equation by a multiple linear regression was obtained to describe the relationship between $SO_2$ removal and operating variables. $$f=1-{\exp}(-1.3939+1.060pH+0.0139{\Delta}P-0.00267G-0.000064SO_2Conc.),\;R^2=0.9719$$

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.748-755
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• 2007

To develop an efficient pump operating rule for a retard basin, it is necessary to estimate inflow to the retard basin accurately which is affected by the backwater effect at the outlet of the conduit. The magnitude of the backwater effect is dependent on the water depth of a retard basin; however, the depth is determined by the amount of inflow and outflow. Thus, a real time simulation system that is able to simulate urban runoff and the pump operation with the consideration of the backwater effect is required to estimate the actual inflow to a retard basin. With this system, the efficient pump operating rule can be developed to diminish the possible flood damage on urban areas. In this study, a realtime simulation system is developed using the SWMM 5.0 DLL and Visual Basic 6.0 equipped with EXCEL to estimate inflow considering the backwater effect. The realtime simulation can be done by updating realtime input data such as minutely observed rainfall and the depth of a retard basin. Using those updated input data, the model estimates actual inflow, the amount of outflow discharged by pumps and gates, the depth of each junction, and flow rate at a sewer pipe on realtime basis. The developed model was applied to the Joonggok retard basin and demonstrated that it can be used to design a sewer system and to estimate actual inflow through the inlet sewer to reduce the inundation risk. As results, we find that the model can contribute to establish better operating practices for the pumps and the flood drainage system.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2005

In order to recycle the waste material and to develop the thickening unit of waste activated sludge from wastewater treatment facilities, the filtration bio-reactor equipped with a shadow mask filter module was employed for this work from which the operating properties and parameters were drawn. The sludge thickening and filtration unit is made of cylindrical acryl tank(12cm i.d. ${\times}$ 58cm height: working volume of 6L), where the flat-sheet type of shadow mask filter module(pore size: 220~250um, opening area: 34.8~39.6%) was installed and the effluent was withdrawn from the effluent port at the lowest point of the reactor, and the filtration was performed only by the hydraulic pressure. For evaluating the operating performance of this reactor, some parameters such as the solid-liquid separation of different biomass concentrations, the water quality of filtrate, the aeration cleaning time and the cleaning effect were investigated. Depending on the MLSS concentrations, the different time to withdraw 3L of filtrate was required in which the longer filtration time was necessary for the higher MLSS concentrations caused by the thicker formation of cake layer: 40 minutes for 5,000 mg/L, 70 minutes for 10,000 mg/L and 100 minutes for 15,000 mg/L, where the concentrations of SS were 8.9, 6.7 and 6.5 mg/L, respectively. Under the same operating conditions (the intensity of aeration cleaning: 80 L/min, MLSS: 10,000 mg/L), the proper aeration cleaning time was revealed 30 seconds, and the stable formation of cake layer was in the range of 10 to 15 minutes. Therefore, the shadow mask considered as a waste material can be of use as a filter material for the sludge thickening system.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2008

This work experimentally determined the effect of operating parameters such as temperature and solid retention time (SRT) on the phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater with waste-tire media. The experiments were carried out in pilot-scale moving bed biofilm reactor filled at a 0.15 filling ratio with the media. Total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency was $91{\pm}5$, $75{\pm}16$, and $59{\pm}14%$ at the temperature of 9~10, 10~20, and $20{\sim}26^{\circ}C$, respectively. TP removal efficiency was $71{\pm}17$, $74{\pm}16$, $74{\pm}16$, and $68{\pm}18%$ at the SRT of 3.5~5, 5~10, 10~15, and 15~20 days, respectively. At the nitrate concentration of 1~3, 3~6, and 6~9 mg/L, TP removal efficiency was $82{\pm}9$, $68{\pm}18$, $47{\pm}7%$, respectively. The concentration of total phosphorus in the effluent was $0.1{\sim}1.8(0.8{\pm}0.4)mg/L$ regardless of operating conditions, which meets Korean phosphorus limit value, 2 mg/L, for discharge into receiving waters.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.918-927
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• 2018

Based on the actual operating environment of transformer, the aging tests of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were conducted systematically under four conditions: in air, in transform oil, under compression in air and under compression in transform oil to studythe effect of high temperature, transform oil and compression stress simultaneously on the thermal aging behaviors of nitrile butadiene rubber and predict the lifetime. The effects of liquid media and compression stress simultaneously on the thermal aging behaviors of nitrile butadiene rubber were studied by using characterization methods such as IR spectrosc-opy, thermogravimetric measurements, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements and mechanical property measurements. The changes in physical properties during the aging process were analyzed and compared. Different aging conditions yielded materials with different properties. Aging at $70^{\circ}C$ under compression stress in oil, the change in elongation at break was lower than that aging in oil, but larger than that aging under compression in air. The compression set or elongation at break as evaluation indexes, 50% as critical value, the lifetime of NBR at $25^{\circ}C$ was predicted and compared. When aging under compression in oil, the prediction lifetime was lower than in air and under compression in air, and in oil. It was clear that when predicting the service lifetime of NBR in oil sealing application, compression and media liquid should be involved simultaneously. Under compression in oil, compression set as the evaluation index, the prediction lifetime of NBR was shorter than that of elongation at break as the evaluation index. For the life prediction of NBR, we should take into account of the performance trends of NBR under actual operating conditions to select the appropriate evaluation index.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2010

Exposure to fugitive dust can contribute to several respiratory health problems, and proper sampling of fugitive dust is necessary to assess exposure. However, field sampling of soil dust encounters problems from spatial and temporal differences in soil properties, field operations, and meteorological conditions. To minimize these problems, we designed a dust generator that simulates dust generation from soil. The dust generator consisted of a rotating chamber where soil samples were loaded and tumbled, and a settling chamber, where airborne soil dust samples were collected. As standard operating conditions, we decided on 2 g soil mass, 10 min sampling time, and 20 rpm rotating speed, with a flow rate of 30 l/min, based on three common soil textures of loam, sandy loam and silt loam. To evaluate optimal operating conditions, we used mixtures of Joomoonjin silica sand and clay. Although the average $PM_{10}$ concentration of Joomoonjin silica sand was low, dust concentrations were increased by an increased content of clay. The dust concentrations were consistent across repeated experiments, and showed similar concentration profiles during the sampling time with mixtures of clay and sand (coefficient of variation was $13.6{\pm}w;7.1%$). The results demonstrated that these standard operating conditions were suitable for the dust generator, which can be used to investigate variations in soil properties that affect dust production and potential potency of fugitive dust exposure.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.965-971
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• 2017

본 논문의 주 목적은 기존선형과 저항을 최소화하는 최적선형에 대한 에너지효율 성능을 평가하는 것이다. 설계 흘수와 설계 선속을 고려하여 대상선박의 선수부 형상을 검토하였다. 실제 운항 상태에서 대상선박의 저항성능을 평가하였다. 상용 전산유체역학(CFD) 코드와 수조 모형시험 자료는 유효마력 평가를 위해 사용되었다. 실제 운항 상태를 고려하여 최소저항을 가지는 최적선형을 제시하였다. 기존선형과 최적선형에 대하여 3가지 선속에서 유효마력을 추정하였다. 최적선형의 저항성능은 기존선형과 비교하여 볼 때 설계속도(12노트)에서 약 6 % 향상된 결과를 보여 주었다. 준추진효율 계수(ETAD, ${\eta}_D$)는 모형시험 자료를 활용하였다. 에너지 효율 성능은 년간 운항일수, 벙커C유 가격, 1일 연료사용량 그리고 연료소비계수를 바탕으로 작성되었다. 최적선형의 에너지 효율 성능은 기존선형과 비교하였을 때 12노트에서 연간 약 3천만원 절약된 결과를 보여 주었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.161-163
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• 2021

아파트나 프라이빗 건물에서 사용자가 양손에 짐을 들고 있거나 비슷한 상황에서 엘리베이터의 버튼을 조작하기는 어렵다. 코로나 19과 같은 전염성 높은 바이러스로 인해 사람 간의 접촉이 최소화되어야 하는 환경에서의 부득이하게 언택트 기반으로 엘리베이터 조작이 필요하다. 본 논문은 엘리베이터 버튼을 누르지 않고도 사용자의 얼굴을 통한 영상처리 및 사용자의 음성을 이용하여 엘리베이터의 조작이 가능한 운영 시스템을 제안한다. 엘리베이터 안에 설치된 카메라로부터 출입자의 얼굴을 감지하고, 사전에 등록된 정보와 매칭하여 버튼을 누르지 않아도 지정된 층으로 엘리베이터가 운영이 가능하다. 출입자의 얼굴 인식이 어려운 경우에는 2차적으로 마이크를 통해 사용자의 음성을 이용하여 엘리베이터의 층을 제어하고 출입 정보를 자동으로 기록하여 언택트 환경에서의 엘리베이터 사용의 편의성을 높이고자 한다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2011

센서 네트워크 기술은 이러한 센서 노드를 특정한 지역에 대량으로 배치하여 네트워크를 구성한 후 센서 노드를 정보 제공의 매체로 활용하는 기술이다. 센서 노드는 매우 제한적인 하드웨어 자원을 가지고 있기 때문에 효율적인 자원 관리와 센서 네트워크상에서의 다양한 응용 환경을 제공하는 운영체제가 필요하다. 또한 원격 코드 업데이트는 이미 배포된 네트워크에서 응용 프로그램의 오류가 발생하여 이를 수정하거나 성능 개선을 위해 꼭 필요한 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 원격 코드 업데이트가 용이한 새로운 센서 노드용 운영체제, EPRCU(Easy to Perform Remote Code Update)를 제안한다. EPRCU는 이벤트 드리븐 방식의 실행 모델에서 에이징(Aging) 기법을 적용한 우선순위 기반의 프로세스 스케줄링 방식을 사용한다. 작업의 기본 단위인 프로세스는 로더에 의한 동적 메모리 할당 및 프로그램 메모리 관리 기능을 제공함으로써 무선 통신을 이용한 코드 업데이트 수행이 용이할 뿐만 아니라 다양한 센서 네트워크 응용에도 적합하다.