• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.304-318
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the characteristic of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) of Korean geriatric patients with a traumatic injury in a nationally representative sample to determine the optimal cutoff of ISS of mortality according to age. Methods: The subjects were 3,018 non-elderly patients and 1,584 elderly patients with an ISS and Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) in 2016 from the data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The traumatic characteristics of the elderly and non-elderly were compared by stratifying the ISS. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to find the optimal cutoff of ISS of mortality according to age. Results: The elderly were more prone to severe trauma than the non-elderly were. The distribution of KTAS grades was lower, even though the severity of ISS was as high as that of the non-elderly. The optimal cutoff score of the ISS for mortality in the ROC curve was lower in elderly over 65 years than in the other age group. Conclusion: The elderly are more prone to severe trauma and death than non-elderly, even though their ISS is low. Therefore, a strategy to prevent elderly from experiencing serious trauma and managing their geriatric trauma actively is needed.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2004

This paper proposes the variables repetitive group sampling plan where the quality characteristic following normal distribution has upper or lower specification limit. The problem is formulated as a non-linear programming problem where the objective function to minimize is the average sample number and the constraints are related to lot acceptance probabilities at acceptable quality level (AQL) and limiting quality level (LQL) under the operating characteristic curve. Sampling plan tables are constructed for the selection of parameters indexed by AQL and LQL in the cases of known standard deviation and unknown standard deviation. It is shown that the proposed sampling plan significantly reduces the average sample number as compared with the single or the double sampling plan.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.842-846
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• 2001

Our company produces boilers for industrial usages or power plants. The aim of this study is to investigate the flame structure, heat transfer to evaporator tube wall and NOx emission in the furnaces. Also we are to derive correct FEGT(Furnace Exit Gas Temperature) characteristic curve. When we design furnace and superheater, economizer etc. FEGT characteristic curve is very important factor for optimum design. We calculated turbulent reacting flow, heat transfer and NOx emission in furnace by using numerical modeling with the help of commercial code. Three dimensional steady state calculation is done. k-e turbulence model and equilibrium chemistry combustion model with $\beta-probability$ density function is used. To calculate radiation heat transfer discrete ordinates model is used. And we measured FEGT at several operating plants. Measurement is done by R-type thermocouple. Radiation shield is attached to the thermocouple to prevent radiation effect. Measured and calculated results show good agreement. And we could understand the flame structure and NOx formation positions in each furnaces.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.347-353
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether neck circumference might be correlated with other obesity indices and to determine the neck circumference cutoff level for obesity in female college students. Method: The data were obtained by measuring other anthropometric indices including BMI and neck circumference from 325 female college students in J city, Chungbuk Province. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve(ROC curve) analysis was used to find the optimal neck circumference cutoff level against BMI $25kg/m^2$. Results: The mean BMI was $21.4kg/m^2$, and the prevalence of obesity was 12.6%. Neck circumference was significantly correlated with body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, % body fat, triceps skinfold thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Neck circumference of 31.95cm was the best cutoff level for determining female students with a BMI over $25kg/m^2$, and the characteristic was acceptable with 97.6% sensitivity and 85.6% specificity. Conclusions: Neck circumference was strongly correlated with the other conventional obesity indices. Female college students with neck circumference over 31.95cm require an additional evaluation of obesity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4587-4592
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• 2012

Purpose: This study used receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) neuroblastoma (NB) and other peripheral nerve cell tumors (PNCT) outcome data. This study found under usage of radiotherapy in these patients. Materials and methods: This study analyzed socio-economic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER database for NB and other PNCT. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a generalized linear model to predict the outcome (soft tissue specific death, yes/no). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate the modeling errors. Risk of neuroendocrine (other endocrine including thymus as coded in SEER) death was computed for the predictors. Results: There were 5261 patients diagnosed from 1973 to 2009 were included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 83.8 (97.6) months. The mean (SD) age was 18 (25) years. About 30.45% of patients were un-staged. The SEER staging has high ROC (SD) area of 0.58 (0.01) among the factors tested. We simplified the 4-layered risk levels (local, regional, distant, un-staged/others) to a simpler 3-tiered model with comparable ROC area of 0.59 (0.01). Less than 50% of PNCT patients received radiotherapy (RT) including the ones with localized disease. This avoidance of RT use occurred in adults and children. Conclusion: The high under-staging rate may have precented patients from selecting definitive radiotherapy (RT) after surgery. Using RT for, especially, adult PNCT patients is a potential way to improve outcome.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.911-921
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• 2009

Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) and Cumulative Accuracy Profile(CAP) curves are two methods used to assess the discriminatory power of different credit-rating approaches. The points of optimal classification accuracy on an ROC curve and of maximal profit on a CAP curve can be found by using iso-performance tangent lines, which are based on the standard notion of accuracy. In this paper, we offer an alternative accuracy measure called the true rate. Using this rate, one can obtain alternative optimal threshold points on both ROC and CAP curves. For most real populations of borrowers, the number of the defaults is much less than that of the non-defaults, and in such cases the true rate may be more efficient than the accuracy rate in terms of cost functions. Moreover, it is shown that both alternative scores of optimal classification accuracy and maximal profit are the identical, and this single score coincides with the score corresponding to Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic used to test the homogeneous distribution functions of the defaults and non-defaults.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

Background: The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale have been used to assess balance function in patients with chronic stroke. These clinical balance scales provide information about potential risk factors for falls. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors of falls and compare the predictive values of the BBS and FAB scale relative to fall risk in patients with stroke through receiver operating characteristic analysis. Methods: Sixty-three patients with stroke (faller=34, non-faller=29) who could walk independently for 10 meters participated in this study. The BBS and FAB scale were administered. Then, we verified the cut-off score, sensitivity, specificity, and the area of under the curve. Results: In this study, the BBS and FAB scale did not predict fall risk in patients with stroke in the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. A cut-off score of 37.5 points provided sensitivity of .47 and specificity of .35 on the BBS, and a cut-off score of 20.5 points provided sensitivity of .44 and specificity of .45 on the FAB scale. Conclusion: The BBS and FAB scale were not useful screening tools for predicting fall risk in patients with stroke in this study, but those who scored 37.5 or lower on the BBS and 20.5 or lower on the FAB scale had a high risk for falls.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.867-870
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• 2014

Purpose: This study used receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) ependymoma data to identify predictive models and potential disparity in outcome. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed socio-economic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER database for ependymoma. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a Generalized Linear Model to predict the outcome ('brain and other nervous systems' specific death in yes/no). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate the modeling errors. Risk of ependymoma death was computed for the predictors for comparison. Results: A total of 3,500 patients diagnosed from 1973 to 2009 were included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 79.8 (82.3) months. Some 46% of the patients were female. The mean (S.D.) age was 34.4 (22.8) years. Age was the most predictive factor of outcome. Unknown grade demonstrated a 15% risk of cause specific death compared to 9% for grades I and II, and 36% for grades III and IV. A 5-tiered grade model (with a ROC area 0.48) was optimized to a 3-tiered model (with ROC area of 0.53). This ROC area tied for the second with that for surgery. African-American patients had 21.5% risk of death compared with 16.6% for the others. Some 72.7% of patient who did not get RT had cerebellar or spinal ependymoma. Patients undergoing surgery had 16.3% risk of death, as compared to 23.7% among those who did not have surgery. Conclusion: Grading ependymoma may dramatically improve modeling of data. RT is under used for cerebellum and spinal cord ependymoma and it may be a potential way to improve outcome.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2012

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome has received attention as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with particular importance attached to visceral fat accumulation, which is associated with lifestyle-related diseases and is strongly correlated with waist circumference. In this study, our aim is to propose waist circumference cut-off values that can be used as a marker for fatty liver based on a sample of workers receiving health checkups in Japan. Methods: This study was conducted in a total of 21,866 workers who underwent periodic health checkups between January 2007 and December 2007. The mean age of the subjects was 47.4 years for men (standard deviation [SD]: 8.0) and 44.7 years for women (SD: 6.9). Evaluation included abdominal ultrasound and measurement of waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. Results: Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal waist circumference cut-off values were shown as 85.0 cm (sensitivity 0.72, specificity 0.69) for men and 80.0 cm (sensitivity 0.75, specificity 0.78) for women. Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasound is the most efficient means of diagnosing fatty liver, but this examination seldom occurs because the test is not routinely performed at workers' health checkups. In people found to have a high risk of fatty liver, recommendations can be made for abdominal ultrasound based on the waist circumference cut-off values obtained in this study. That is, waist circumference can be used in high risk individuals as an effective marker for early detection of fatty liver.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2009

Background: A skin temperature difference is one of the variables used in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome. However, there have been no reports as to whether the real (${\Delta}T$) or absolute value ($|{\Delta}T|$) of skin temperature differences should be used in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome. This study was conducted to compare the diagnostic validity of ${\Delta}T$ with $|{\Delta}T|$ for complex regional pain syndrome using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). Methods: Infrared thermographic images were obtained from the 144 patients who were suspected to have CRPS in a unilateral limb. After ${\Delta}T$ and $|{\Delta}T|$ calculation from the thermographic image, ROCs of ${\Delta}T$ and $|{\Delta}T|$ were developed, and the areas under the curve (AUC) for the ROC curves were compared. Results: AUCs of ${\Delta}T$ and $|{\Delta}T|$ were 0.520 and 0.746 respectively, this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Absolute skin temperature difference shows greater validity in the diagnosis of CRPS than ${\Delta}T$. Therefore, $|{\Delta}T|$ is more useful when comparing the skin temperature of CRPS patients.