• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

This paper describes a procedure extracting feature vector of a target cell more precisely in the case of identifying specified cell. The classification of object type is based on feature vector such as area, complexity, centroid, rotation angle, effective diameter, perimeter, width and height of the object So, the feature vector plays very important role in classifying objects. Because the feature vectors is affected by noises and holes, it is necessary to remove noises contaminated in original image to get feature vector extraction exactly. In this paper, we propose the following method to do to get feature vector extraction exactly. First, by Otsu's optimal threshold selection method and morphological filters such as cleaning, filling and opening filters, we separate objects from background an get rid of isolated particles. After the labeling step by 4-adjacent neighborhood, the labeled image is filtered by the area filter. From this area-filtered image, feature vector such as area, complexity, centroid, rotation angle, effective diameter, the perimeter based on chain code and the width and height based on rotation matrix are extracted. To prove the effectiveness, the proposed method is applied for yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxn. It is also shown that the experimental results from the proposed method is more efficient in measuring feature vectors than from only Otsu's optimal threshold detection method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.255-260
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• 1994

Calving records of 107 heifers from two breed groups were used to identify the major factors contributing to calving difficulty (dystocia) and compare the influence of pelvic diameters, weight and height of heifers measured after breeding and before calving on dystocia. The horizontal and vertical pelvic diameters, hip height and weight of heifers were measured two months after breeding and again two months before calving. Snell transformed calving difficulty scores (0 = normal to 100 = surgical intervention) were used in analyzing the data by analysis of covariance. Body condition score of the heifer, sire birth weight of the calf, birth weight of the calf, and ratio of calf birth weight to pelvic area all had significant effects on dystocia. Calf birth weight, ratio of calf birth weight to pelvic area, and heifer's condition score were especially important. However, sex of calf did not have a significant influence on dystocia. Generally, the variables measured before calving accounted for a higher proportion of variation in dystocia than those measured after breeding. Thus, based on the relative importance of the major factors affecting dystocia, it is suggested that selection of bulls with low birth weight for breeding on normal size heifers with optimum body condition score, and well developed pelvic opening, would be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of dystocia in beef heifers.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2008

강구조 초고층건축물의 실용성을 높이기 위하여 내화성능이 우수하며 일반적인 합성보와 비교하여 층고절감이 가능하며 평면의 자유로운 변경과 공장생산에 의한 시공 품질관리가 가능한 새로운 공법개발이 시급하다고 판단된다. 따라서 기존 슬림플로어시스템의 문제점을 보완시킨 반슬림플로어를 적용한 합성보의 구조성능실험을 하였고, 이에 콘크리트와의 일체성 확보 및 휨에 대한 구조적 성능 등에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구는 반슬림플로어시스템을 적용한 합성보의 휨거동을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 실험은 슬래브지지보의 구 조형식, 슬래브두께, 개구부의 설치 여부, 전단연결재의 유무를 변수로 하여 총 5개의 반슬림합성보에 대한 단순지지 휨실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 모든 실험체가 연성적인 거동을 보였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.357-373
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• 2022

The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor pebble-bed module project is the first commercial Generation-IV NPP(Nuclear Power Plant) in China. A new joint is used for the vertical support of RPV(Reactor Pressure Vessel). The steel corbel is integrally embedded into the reactor-cabin wall through eight asymmetrically arranged pre-stressed high-strength bolts, achieving the different path transmission of shear force and moment. The vertical monotonic loading test of two specimens is conducted. The results show that the failure mode of the joint is bolt fracture. There is no prominent yield stage in the whole loading process. The stress of bolts is linearly distributed along the height of corbel at initial loading. As the load increases, the height of neutral axis of bolts gradually decreases. The upper and lower edges of the wall opening contact the corbel plate to restrict the rotation of the corbel. During the loading, the pre-stress of some bolts decreases. The increase of the pre-stress strength ratio of bolts has no noticeable effect on the structure stiffness, but it reduces the ultimate bearing capacity of the joint. A simplified calculation model for the elastic stage of the joint is established, and the estimation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2003

본 연구는 현재 국내에서 사용되는 쌍끌이 중층망 어구어법에서 문제점으로 지적되고 있는 고속예망에서 망고의 제어가 어렵다는 점, 망목에 뜸이 걸려서 파망이 자주 일어나는 점, 네트드럼에 감기는 어구부피가 너무 크다는 점 등의 해결방법으로 무부자 쌍끌이 중층망의 모형실험을 통하여 우리 나라 쌍끌이 중층망에 대한 적용 가능성을 검토하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 850ps급 쌍끌이 기선저인망어선에서 현재 사용되는 실물망을 1/100로 축소 제작한 모형망에서 뜸을 모두 제거하고 끌줄을 양쪽으로 각각 두가닥으로 분리한 후 추를 부착하여 아래끌줄의 길이를 조절함으로써 망고를 제어할 수 있는 무부자 쌍끌이 중층망의 모형어구를 제작하여 회류수조에서 유속에 대한 아래끌줄의 길이에 따른 어구의 전개성능 등을 규명하고 기준형과 비교 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유체저항은 무부자망이 기준형보다 약 10∼20%정도 작았으며, 무부자망의 유체저항은 동일유속에서 아래끌줄이 길어짐에 따라 약 1ton씩 증가하였다. 또, 동일유속에서 dL이 10m씩 증가함에 따라 아래끌줄에 작용하는 저항은 약 5%씩 감소하고, 그 반면에 윗 끌줄에 작용하는 저항이 증가하였다. 2. 망고는 직선에 가까운 지수함수적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 동일유속에서 아래끌줄이 길어짐에 따라 증가하여 로그함수적인 경향을 보였다. 또한, 망고감소율은 무부자망의 경우가 기준형보다 작게 나타났으며, 그 차이는 유속이 증가함에 따라 더욱 커져 dL이 30m인 무부자망을 기준으로 3.0knot일 때 12%, 4.0knot일 때 25%로 나타났다. 3. 망폭은 유속이 증가함에 따라 약 2m 내외로 거의 일정하였으며 무부자망이 기준형보다 크게 나타났다. 4. 망구면적은 유속이 증가함에 따라 지수함수적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 망구면적의 감소율은 기준형보다 무부자망이 더 작게 나타났다. 여과량은 유속이 증가함에 따라 로그함수적인 경향을 보였으며 기준형이 3.0knot 이상에서 급격히 감소하였지만, 무부자망은 4.0knot까지 증가하였다가 완만하게 감소하였다. 5. dL의 최대적정길이는 망구면적 및 여과량이 최대인 30m일 때이며, 추의 최적위치는 4개의 그물목줄이 연결되는 지점이었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2017

In this paper, it is aimed to present a detail investigation related to structural behavior of laterally unrestrained steel cantilever roof of tribune with slender cross section. The structure is located in Tutak town in $A{\breve{g}}r{{\i}}$ and collapsed on October 25, 2015 at eastern part of Turkey is considered as a case study. This mild sloped roof structure was built from a variable I beam, and supported on steel columns of 5.5 m height covering totally $240m^2$ closed area in plan. The roof of tribune collapsed completely without any indication during first snowfall after construction at midnight a winter day, fortunately before the opening hours. The meteorological records and observations of local persons are combined together to estimate the intensity of snow load in the region and it is compared with the code specified values. Also, the wide/thickness and height/thickness ratios for flange and web are evaluated according to the design codes. Three dimensional finite element model of the existing steel tribune roof is generated considering project drawings and site investigations using commercially available software ANSYS. The displacements, principal stresses and strains along to the cantilever length and column height are given as contour diagrams and graph format. In addition to site investigation, the numerical and analytical works conducted in this study indicate that the unequivocal reasons of the collapse are overloading action of snow load intensity, some mistakes made in the design of steel cantilever beams, insufficient strength and rigidity of the main structural elements, and construction workmanship errors.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.118-128
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 실물 어구를 이용한 해상실험을 통하여 예망 중인 어구의 망구 형상을 해석하기 위해서 예망 속도, 어구의 저항, 전개판의 간격, 망고 등을 계측ㆍ분석하였다. 또한 망구 형상을 이론적으로 계산하기 위해서 망구의 형상을 지배하는 뜸줄, 발줄 및 옆줄의 모양을 현수곡선으로 간주하고 수학모텔을 기술하여 수치해석 하였고, 이 결과를 실제 측정된 값과 비교하여 모텔의 타당성을 검토하였다. 본 실험에 대한결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 선속의 변화에 따라 크게 변하는 요소로는 장력과 망고였고, 끌줄 길이의 변화에 민감하게 반응한 것은 어구 수심과 전개판의 간격이었다. 2. 계측된 트롤 어구의 상태량을 토대로 뜸줄 및 옆줄의 형상을 수치해석한 결과, 선속이 증가함에 따라 뜸줄 및 발줄의 폭과 옆줄의 높이는 감소하였고, 뜸풀 및 옆줄 중앙부의 처짐 정도는 증가하였다. 3. 예망속도에 따른 망고변화에 대하여 수치해석한 결과와 실제 실험에서 얻은 데이터를 비교한 결과, 비교적 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 4. 수치해석한 결과로부터 망구의 형상을 추정한 결과, 선속이 증가함에 따라 횡축으로 긴 직사각형의 형상이 나타났으며, 횡축 및 종축 모두 크기가 감소하였다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제56호
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• pp.159-172
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• 2005

This paper analyzes the vocal tract area estimation algorithm used as a part of a speech analysis program to help deaf children correct their pronunciations by comparing their vocal tract shape with normal children's. Assuming that a vocal tract is a concatenation of cylinder tubes with a different cross section, we compute the relative vocal tract area of each tube using the reflection coefficients obtained from linear predictive coding. Then, we obtain the absolute vocal tract area by computing the height of lip opening with a formula modified for children's speech. Using the speech data for five Korean vowels (/a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/), we investigate the effects of the sampling frequency, frame size, and model order on the estimated vocal tract shape. We compare the vocal tract shapes obtained from deaf and normal children's speech.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.360-367
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• 1995

The effect of air vent holes, stacking methods of boxes and clearance between boxes on static pressure drop, were measured to design of pressure cooling system. Static pressure drops in air vent hole of carton box were measured for different hole opening ratio from 1% to 5%. Static pressure drop was expressed as a function of superficial velocity as second-degree polynomial. At given static pressure in plenum chamber, static pressure drop in boxes was shown as second-degree polynomial of the number of carton box in series stacking method, as first-degree polynomial in height and parallel stacking method. In pressure cooling of 24 boxes of Tsugaru apple, air flow rates through clearance between the boxes were shown 1.27 and 1.65 times than those of through the inside of boxes at the plenum pressure of 10mmAq and 20mmAq, respectively.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2017

Slender structures like reinforced concrete (RC) chimneys are severely damaged or collapsed during severe wind storms or strong ground motions all over the world. Today, with the improvement in technology and industry, most factories need these slender structures with increasing height and decreasing in shell thickness causing vulnerable to winds and earthquakes. Main objectives in this study are to make structural wind and earthquake analysis of RC chimneys by using a well-known international standard CICIND 2001 and real recorded time history accelerations and to clarify weak points of these tall and slender structures against these severe natural actions. Findings of this study show that maximum tensile stress and shear stress approximately increase 103.90% and 312.77% over or near the openings on the body of the RC chimneys that cause brittle failure around this region of openings.