• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.336-341
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• 2009

In express bus which has no window, the air quality inside the bus is very critical for the passengers who staying for an extended time. Air conditioning system using natural energy is expected to significantly improve the air quality while the bus runs the suburban area. But the express buses today usually attempt to ventilate using air conditioning system, rather than natural ventilation. In this study, analysis of existing ventilation opening and the new ventilation system on roof, using computer simulation. As a result, two cases using existing ventilation device was found to be effective for partial ventilation only, while the air in front remains standstill. The new system proved to have promoted more dynamic ventilation in most of space.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.257-268
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• 2005

In situ rock mass is generally heterogeneous and discontinuous, with varying degrees of strength along the planes of weakness. The planes of weakness such as joints, faults, cracks and bedding planes, control the strength and deformation characteristics of the rock mass. Subsequently, the stability of underground opening depends upon the spatial distribution of discontinuities and their mechanical properties in relation with geometrical shape of openins as well as the mechanical properties of intact rock materials. Understanding the behaviour of a discontinuous rock mass remains a key issue for improving excavation design in hiかy stressed environments. Although recent advances in rock mechanics have provided guidelines for the design of underground opening in isotropic rock mass, prediction and control of deformation in discontinuous rock masses are still unclear. In this study, parametric study was performed to investigate the plastic zone size, stress distribution and deformation behavior around underground opening in a discontinuous rock mass using a continuum joint model. The solutions were obtained by an elasto-plastic finite difference analysis, employing the Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria. Non-associated flow rule and perfectly plastic material behavior are also assumed.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2014

Traditional method of pulpectomy for a necrotic primary anterior tooth was done on lingual side. But it could not recover the discoloration of crown effectively. For the purpose of treating the discoloration of crown after lingual pulpectomy, additional methods of crown restoration were needed like : celluloid crown, open-faced crown, rasin-faced crown. Neverthless, these kinds of complete coverage methods had some disadvantages such as possibility of tooth fracture by increased tooth preparation. In order to overcome the shortcomings of lingual pulpectomy, labial treatment could be considered as an alternative. It is a method that treats necrotic pulp through the labial access opening. After finishing the pulp treatment, discolored labial tooth structure was removed extending from access opening. Discoloration of deep area could be masked effectively using opaque sealant. Cavity on labial side was restored with composite resin. This labial approach method has several advantages. First, it gives a direct vision for effective pulp treatment which is also very useful for children with poor behavior. Second, most of lingual tooth structure could be saved and occlusal contact of lingual surface remains undisrupted. Only nonfunctional discolored labial surface may removed. Third, complete removal of discolored part of a labial tooth and immediate resin restoration could be done effectively after pulp treatment. Moreover, it also could be used for pulp treatment having serious dental caries on labial surface with sound lingual tooth structure. This report presents cases with discolored upper anteior primary tooth, approaching labial side with successful restoration.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1113-1120
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• 2000

Objectives : Despite advance in the surgical treatment of the intracranial aneurysm, we have to be surgical complication. The aim of this report is to evaluate the complication and its management in intracranial aneurysm operation. Methods : We reviewed our exprience with interesting cases of surgical complication of intracranial aneurysm : 1) rebleeding, 2) intra-operative premature rupture, 3) missed aneurysm in angiography, 4) vasospasm. Results : The risk of rebleeding was not related to the patients' initial comdition, but all other intracranial complications occurred significantly more often in patients graded poor compared with patients in good clinical condition. Rebleeding before early surgery remains as major cause of unfavorable outcome. The causes of intraoperative premature ruptures were as follows : 1) dural opening and arachnoid opening(8.3%), 2) hematoma removal(12.5%), 3) brain retraction(16.7%) 4) aneurysm dissection(62.5%). The double suction technique and primary hemostasis using a small piece of cotton or temporary clip resulted in good outcome even in cases with premature rupture. The incidence of missed aneurysm in angiography occurred in 10%. The causes were as thrombosed aneurysm, vasospasm on feeder artery. The most common missed aneurysm is also the most common aneurysm(anterior communicating artery aneurysm). The repeated angiography were documented in missed aneurysm. Balloon angioplasty is superior topapaverine for treatment of proximal vessel vasospasm by viture of a more sustained effect on the vessel. Papaverine can be useful as an adjunct to ballon angioplasty and also for the treatment of distal vessels that are not accessible for ballon angioplasty. Conclusion : The minimization of the complications and active treatment can reduced the mortality and morbidity of ruptured aneurysm patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.27
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• pp.163-171
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• 1996

As the current stage of the fashion begins to follow the styles of the past the study on he past costume is getting more importance and as the methodology of the study the accurately ap-proached study through the rehabilitation of the past costume is more needed than the simple re-arrangement of the historical documents. By this methodology this study can be positioned as a re-creation activity. The results of the study are as follows. 1) Style: The S-line silhouette remains be-cause of the straight silhouette or the blossom style bodice. This dress has various types of sil-houette but generally it forms one silhouette and is one-piece. 2) color and Material: The material varies hile the color is divided as the main color of ivory and the stress color of brown. This shows not only that the material has been varied but also that they tried to reduce the monotony. 3) Pattern and Sewing: The simple external figure and the previous stage typically shows the movement to the simplicity of the contemporary and the num-ber of patterens is plenty and the sewing method is also complex. 4) Detail. To overcome the simplicity of the style and to show the characteristics of the afternoon dress the skunk fur the net the sash, and the bow are used. 5) Structural Characteristics: The front open-ing the back opening and the side opening coexists in one-pieced dress and this forms unique structure and complex fastening device. The ribbon tape and casing not only finish the seam but also fix the shape of the dress. Synthetically the 1913-14 afternoon dress has the characteristics of transitional stage in which the characteristics of the costume of 1910s and the remnants of the characteristics of the pre-vious costume style and shows the character-istics of afternoon dress well in terms of the ma-terial the structure and the detail.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.46-67
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• 2023

There are criticisms that, despite the proactive government policy on open government data (hereinafter "open data"), certain highly demanded data remains restricted due to legal constraints. In this study, we aim to analyze the factors that limit the opening and utilization of open data, focusing on cases wherein requests for open data provision have been denied. We will explore possible approaches that are in harmony with the Open Data Law while examining the constitutional value of open data, considering the foundational Open Data Charter that underpins the government's data policy. We will also examine cases wherein requests for data provision have been denied for institutional reasons, with nearly half of these cases involving open data that includes personal information. It is necessary to explore the potential for improvement in these cases. Furthermore, considering the recent amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act, which allows for the processing of pseudonymous information without the consent of the data subject for limited purposes, it is an opportune time to consider the need for amending the Open Data Law to facilitate broader access and utilization of open data for the nation. Lastly, we will propose institutional improvement directions aligned with the opening and utilization of open data by examining the constraints of and need for improvement in the selected target laws.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine Japonica rice farming of China. Asian rice is divided into Japonica and Indica species. Japonica rice represents only less than 20% of Chinese rice output, but it can compete with Korea rice in both price and quality. The rise of income level has expanded the scale of production of Japonica rice in China. China’s adhesion to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has forced Chinese policy makers to face their obligations and responsibilities such as abolishing subsidies on agricultural exports. But being member of the WTO entry also helps China exercise and enhance its influential place in the global economy. Because of geographical proximity and the fact that Korea is ranked second among countries with which China still has a trade deficit, China may seek and plead for an opening of the protected Korean rice market to stabilize prices and prevent excess supply of Chinese rice. Though Korean rice farmers feel that prices are still low, Chinese rice remains far cheaper than Korean rice with the price gap is still on the rise. In anticipation of such fierce competition, Korea must carefully review its current policies and closely follow the evolution of rice production, marketing, and trade in China. This study also suggests some of the possible research using more recent data that should be conducted in the future.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.119-141
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• 1998

The main contents of WTO agricultural product agreement are composed of $\circled1$ market access $\circled2$ domestic subsidy and reduction of export subsidy $\circled3$ preferences for developing countries. But there still remains the possibility of laying a protection barrier within WTO regulations. That is to say, with the application of quota system, tariff rate quota system, or different quotas on different countries, and with the practices of government control trade and mark up. This paper is for studying the application of these protection barriers to minimize the impact of agricultural market opening.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.133-140
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• 2013

This study is to clarify the form of window and door of medieval times house which are no longer in existence, by comparative analysis between literature materials and architectural remains of united Silla and Goryo period. Particularly the window and door form change process of was analyzed, in connection with the change of term which are recorded in literature material. The form and the composition of window and door are the elements which determine the elevation design of architecture and concerned with interior environment. Therefore this study is significant in the sense that it could be used as base data for the study on the reconstruction and interior space of medieval times house. There were ho (戶) and moon (門) as door, and chang (窓) for lighting and ventilation as window. Among these, the window can be divided into fixed and openable. There were two kind of fixed window. One is called chang (窓), and it was covered by silk or paper for lighting. The other is called ham (檻), it was the form of vertical bar window and lighting and ventilation was available. And there were two kind of openable window. One is called ho (戶), which had wooden plate window leaves. And the other is called changho (窓戶), lighting was available in the condition of closing.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.4 s.32
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• pp.87-98
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to know the characteristics of the ancient city through the basic composition of Jericho city. But there are little documents in the ruins of Jericho, and so there are the limit to understand the basic characteristic of the ancient city. And so this study is going to know the symbolic meaning of the ancient city of the Jericho city, through the transcriptions remains. Producing the concept that Jericho is the old city in the world, this study is significant that utilizing with the basic document of helping to understand the basic composition and characteristic in the ancient city. Also because the bible documents of Jericho is explained the city in the bronze age, this study sets bounds to BC 15C, and to know the symbolic system in Jericho. In the christian transcriptions, it is represented the Jericho city BC 15C. Jericho city here is described the type of the labyrinth is composing of the city in the center and surrounding by the walls. The circular type of the labyrinth city has symbol of the 'protect' having the magic power against the opposite party. Also the walls of labyrinth are the boundary territory of 'abstract conception' to round seven times. The center in the shape of Jericho is 'closing field' against circumferences, and this is different from the labyrinth on the floor in the medieval Cathedral is symbolized 'opening field'