• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study was to clarify that scintigram was a more effective method than radiogram in the early detection of periapical lesion. Periapical lesions were produced artificially by the opening of the pulp chambers of the lower right 3rd and 4th premolars in 6 dogs. The serial bone scintigrams using 99m-Tc-MDP and periapical radiograms were taken weekly. The uptake counts of the 99-Tc-MDP in the experimental side were compared with those in the control side. The periapical radiograms were interpreted with the joint evaluation by three dental radiologists. The following results were obtained; 1. The radioactivity in the experimental side was increased at the Ist week except one animal in which the radioactivity was increased at the 2nd week. 2. It was observed that increasing amount of radioactivity per week was prominent from the 1st day of experiment to the Ist week, and the 3rd week to the 4th week. 3. The radiographic evidence of the periapical lesions was observed at the 3rd week and became more apparent at the 4th week. 4. Histologically, proliferation of blood vessels and infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells were observed at the 1st week and osteoblasts were found after the 3rd week.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.517-521
• /
• 2007

To assess possible risks from the consumption of drinking water from various sources, a survey of the microbiological quality of tap water, commercial bottled drinking water which is exploited from natural mineral water, and natural spring water was conducted. A total of 4 different brands of commercial bottled drinking water, and 4 types of spring water from different sources, and tap water from 4 private houses were tested for four index microorganisms, and the microbial quality changes of the water during the storage at room temperature or refrigerated temperature for 7 days. Aerobic plate counts of all of the initial water samples were still within 100 CFU/ml (drinking water standard of Korea). Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli were not detected in all of the water samples at initial. However, aerobic plate counts of three types of spring water and three types of bottled drinking water stored at room temperature showed higher levels than the standards in 5 days. Total coliforms were detected in three types of spring water after one day's storage at room temperature, and in one type of bottled drinking water after 5 days' storage. These results indicate that some of the spring water surveyed are not safe to drink, and the spring water and bottled drinking water after opening the lid should not be stored at room temperature, if they are used for drinking.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.173-186
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out understand the resident's subjective responses to physical indoor environment. The questionnaire survey was carried out to measure form Jan. 8th to Feb. 2th in 1996, the typical external climate of winter in Korea. The subjects were four hundred and eleven housewives, living in apartments of RC structure I Ilsan apartment complex. As the result, residents usual ventilate once or twice a day by opening outward windows for about ten minutes. Unpleasant smell producted by cooking and wet garbage made most of them negatively respond to kitchen's air quality. regression analysis of relativeness between sense of air freshness smell, dust and comfort revealed that sense of comfort was the most highly related with the extent of bad smell. Housing factors such as size of apartments and ventilating, smoking and gas usage had significant effects on indoor air quality and the subjective responses in winter. Therefore it is especially important to consider air pollution problem from the beginning stage when planning small apartments. It is required that the government of environment has to emphasize the importance of ventilation to residents, and makes an effort to establish the design criteria on indoor air quality in house.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.1221-1226
• /
• 2007

The subway with the initial constructive expense which is enormous together is the public transportation means where the many expense is expended in the operation and maintenance civil official. Seoul Metro until initial opening to traffic after present time cannot escape every year deficit to be, the cause is a possibility of seeking from the fare system which is short in transportation prime cost. Currently Seoul Metro is operating with the distance proportional fare system the passenger ticket system which is simple (usual volume, group volume and fixed amount volume, affection renunciation, charge free volume). When the biased characteristic of the user it plans considering from the goods development side for the variety for and a deficit solution, against the fare system systematic it researches and solution plan politically. Financial of the subway operation agency young the investigation against the present condition of the hazard subway fare system which is solved the bud with problem point a fare system from the research which it sees consequently and improvement program under analyzing the man with underdeveloped genital organ. Base on the reporter to analyze the introduction plan which with the character which will reach it follows with the necessity of introduction of the 1st passenger ticket (24 hour volume).

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.94-109
• /
• 1999

The purposes of this study were to assess the effect of therapeutic exercise and to offer an approach to the physical therapy and rehabilitation procedure of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) following surgery. In this research, 42 patients with TMJ surgery were assigned one of two groups. The experimental group included 21 patients who performed therapeutic exercise, and the control group included 21 patients who did not perform therapeutic exercise. Conservative therapy such as an ice pack, a hot pack, and pulsed ultrasound was applied to both groups. Treatment was applied twice a day during the admission period and, after discharge, everyday for six weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS), incisal biting force, and joint ROM were measured before surgery and at 30 days after surgery. The results were as follows: VAS (p<0.05), mouth opening (p<0.01), lateral excursion to unaffected side (p<0.05), and protrusion (p<0.05) between experimental group and control group showed statistically significant differences. Incisal biting force and lateral excursion to affected side between experimental group and control group showed no statistically significant difference.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.717-728
• /
• 1998

The Temporomandibural joint(TMJ) is one of the most frequently used joint in the body as $1,500{\sim}2,000$ times per day for the activities of chewing, swallowing, talking, yawing and sneezing. The TMJ are formed by condylar process of mandible and mandible fossa of temporal bone, separated by an articular disc. This articular disc divides into two cavities as upper cavity and lower cavity. The gliding movement occurs in the upper cavity of the joint, whereas hinge movement occurs in the lower cavity. The movements that are allowed at the TMJ are opening, closing, protrusion, retraction and lateral movement. A cause of TMJ dysfunction are capsulitis, internal derangement, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, infection and inflammation near the joint, trauma on joint, ankylosis, subluxation or dislocation of joint, injury of articular disc, myositis, muscle contracture or spasm, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, dyskinesia of masticatory muscles, developmental abnormality, tumor, connective tissue disease, fibrosis, malocclusion, swallowing abnormality, wrong habits such as bite nail or hair, bruxism, psycological stress and Costen syndrome etc. Assessment of TMJ dysfunction consist of interview, observation, functional examination, palpation, reflex test, joint play test, electromyography and radiologic examination and behavioral and psycological assessment etc.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.241-249
• /
• 2014

Hyphessobrycon eques is a famous fish for ornamental fish market and aquarium. They are inhabit in regions of Amazon and Paraguay River basin. Serpae fishs were investigated 2-3 males are chased to female, and then males attempted to simulate the females abdomen. After fertilization, eggs were kept in incubators at $28^{\circ}C$. The fertilized eggs had adhesive and demesal characteristics and had a mean diameter of $0.92{\pm}0.01mm$. Larvae hatched at 16 hrs post fertilization. The hatched larvae averaged $2.90{\pm}0.16mm$ in total length ($L_T$). Complete yolk sac resorption and mouth opening occurred on the third day post hatching. At 45 days post hatching, the larvae were $12.5{\pm}1.60mm$ $L_T$ and had reached the juvenile stage.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.53-69
• /
• 2004

While the life in the fishing villages in old days was characterized by accepting the sea as destiny by birth, it became an industrial one nowadays with industry - scale fisheries as the mainstream. It is expected, however, that nature - friendly life will be prevailing in the fishing villages in the future In these days, the status of fishing village is on a very terrible situation due to the decrease in population, low income, environment destruction, and so on. However, the fishing village should be revitalized because of its public benefits at least. Recently, a kind of affirmative appearance in fishing village is that people who are willing to visit fishing village are increasing. The fishermen are supposed to use this opportunity for its economic and social interests. This paper suggests a kind of way, enjoyable fishery after catching and farming fishery, to use it. Enjoyable fishery consists of watching (learning by observation) fishery and doing (experience) fishery. The example of watching fishery is inspecting the fixed net fishery, doing fishery is experience of small dragnet fishery. The activation devices of the enjoyable fishery are suggested as follows; 1) fixing the identification of regional tourism 2) the development of regional enjoyable 3) opening of one day's fisherman school. 4) networking with fishing village amenity improvement 5) driving sisterhood system with urban area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 2009

The epoxy resin without hardener can harden by a ring-opening reaction in the presence of the alkalies produced by the hydration of cement in epoxy-modified mortars and concretes. This paper investigates the effect of curing conditions on the strength improvement of polymer-modified mortars using bisphenol A-type epoxy resin without hardener. The polymer-modified mortars using epoxy resin are prepared with various polymer-cement ratios, and subjected to ideal, water, dry and heat cures. In the heat cure, the epoxy-modified mortars are sealed or unsealed with a PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride) film. The epoxy-modified mortars are tested for flexural and compressive strengths at desired curing methods. The microstructures of the epoxy-modified mortars are also observed by scanning electron microscope. The effects of curing conditions on the strength development of the epoxy-modified mortars are examined. From the test results, the marked effectiveness of the heat cure under the PVDC film sealing against the development of the strength of the epoxy-modified mortar without the hardener is recognized. The flexural and compressive strengths of 7-day-90℃ heat-cured, PVDC film-sealed epoxy-modified mortars without hardener reach 7 to 17MPa and 24 to 44MPa respectively, and are two to three times of Unmodified mortar. Such high strength development of the epoxy-modified mortars may be achieved by the dense microstructure formation by cement hydrates and the hardening of the epoxy resin in the mortars.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.282-287
• /
• 2014

Objective: Objective of this study was to investigate community pharmacy-based pharmaceutical care accessibility in Korea. Survey on the current pharmaceutical care service provision was performed by PM2000 XE, a real-time pharmacy manager program, operated by Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center beginning November 4, 2013 until December 6, 2013 towards all community pharmacies throughout the nation which use the program. Method: The survey questionnaire consisted of four sections: pharmacy type, time-based accessibility, item-based accessibility, and spatial accessibility for non-prescription drugs. Results: Number of pharmacy responded to the survey was 331, and size of the responding pharmacy was mostly medium-scale (66.47%) with 30-99 prescription fillings a day. Proportion of pharmacy with opening hour of 12 hours or longer was only 53.77% and it was less than 25% during saturdays and holidays. Item-based accessibility was generally acceptable for prescription and non-prescription drugs, medical devices, and health supplements. However, spatial accessibility for non-prescription drugs was problematic because only one quarter of the drugs was displayed over the counter, and most of the drugs were behind the counter so that customers could not reach out. Conclusion: Based on the survey result, current situation for accessibility of pharmaceutical care service in Korea is concluded inadequate and therefore needs multidimensional efforts to improve accessibility of the service at national level such as Korea Pharmaceutical Association and Ministry of Health and Welfare.