• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1990년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.57-60
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• 1990

The purpose of this report is to study the traffic opening day of concrete pavement. For this purpose this paper studies on the propeties of various cement types which include the newly developed cement for the cement pavement regarding the resistance to the chemical attack caused by de-icing salt and the durability of the concrete pavement. Especially, traffic opening day of concrete pavement are discussed on site.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of active mandibular exercise (AME) in patients with limited mouth opening after maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) release. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group and a pre test-post test design. Sixty-two patients with Maxillomandibular Fixation Release were assigned to the experimental (n=31) or control group (n=31). The AME was performed in the experimental group for 4 weeks. The exercise AME consisted of maximal mouth opening, lateral excursion and protrusive movement. These movements were repeated ten times a day. After the final exercise of the day, the number of tongue blades used for mouth opening was noted. The effect of AME was evaluated after MMF release at different time intervals: a) immediately, b) after 1 week, c) after 2 weeks, d) after 4 weeks, and e) after 12 weeks. The exercise was assessed using the following criteria: a) mandibular movements, b) pain scores associated with maximal mouth opening, c) discomfort scores associated with range of movement, and d) daily life activities that involve opening the mouth. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement regarding the range of mandibular movements (maximal mouth opening (F=23.60, p<.001), lateral excursion to the right side (F=5.25, p=.002), lateral excursion to the left side (F=5.97, p=.001), protrusive movement (F=5.51, p=.001)), pain score (F=39.59, p<.001), discomfort score (F=9.38, p<.001). Daily life activities that involve opening the mouth were more favorable compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: The AME in patients after MMF release is helpful for increasing mandibular movement range, decreasing pain and discomfort, and improving day life activities that involve opening the mouth. Therefore, AME is highly recommended as an effective nursing intervention.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2020

본 연구는 개봉일 흥행순위, 특히 개봉일 흥행 1위 여부에 초점을 두고 영화의 최종 흥행 예측 지표를 탐색하고자 한다. 한국 영화시장의 최근 5년간(2013~2017년) 개봉작 총 794편의 자료에 대한 회귀분석을 통해, 개봉일 흥행 1위를 달성한 영화일수록 최종 흥행성과가 더 좋음을 확인하였다. 또한 영화의 질(quality)이 개봉일 흥행 1위 영화의 흥행에 추가적인 영향을 준다고 보기는 어려웠다. 개봉일 흥행 1위 여부 외에 개봉일 대비 일요일 상영횟수 증가 여부도 최종 관객 수에 영향을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 개봉일 흥행 1위 영화 158편에 대한 추가 분석 결과, 개봉 2주차 관객증가율의 최종 흥행 설명력이 높았다. 영화의 개봉일 흥행과 최종 흥행 간의 상관계수를 연도별로 비교한 결과, 상관계수가 일관된 증가 추세를 보이지는 않았다. 본 연구는 영화 흥행에 대한 새로운 지표들을 발굴하고 해당 지표들의 최종 흥행에 대한 영향이 유의하다는 것을 확인하였다는 점에서 기존 연구와 차별성을 가진다고 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2001

PURPOSE : The Purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect on combination dosage of dexamethasone and naproxen after removal of impacted 3rd molars. We evaluated postoperative pain, swelling, and mouth opening limitation quantitatively. PATIENTS AND METHODS : Removal of an impacted lower third molar was done under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine to 239 healthy patients. We randomly gave experimental group 1.5mg dexamethasone and 200mg naproxen three times a day for postoperative 2days, and also gave control group 200mg naproxen alone three times a day for postoperative 2days. Swelling and pain were measured by visual analogue scale (VAS). Mouth opening limitation was measured by maximum interincisal opening length. We estimated these measurements in the first and second postoperative days. Differences between experimental and control group were investigated considering age, sex, BMI(body mass index), impacted type, surgical site(right or left), and operation time by independent student T-test. RESULTS : In general, swelling, pain, and mouth opening limitations were significantly reduced (p<0.01) by combination dose of dexamethasone and naproxen in postoperative one day. But there was no difference in pain on the second postoperative day. As variables being considered, in the postoperative pain, there was significant difference between experimental group and control group in only male, little bony removal group, left side extraction group. In case of postoperative swelling, there was no significant differences in male, adolescence, long operating time group (over 20 minutes), medium BMI group and right side extraction group. In case of postoperative mouth opening limitation, there was significant difference between only female and long operating time group (over 20 minutes). CONCLUSION : Variables being considered, postoperative swelling was more reduced by the combination dose of naproxen and dexamethasone than that of naproxen alone after removal of impacted 3rd molars. But there was varoius results in pain and mouth opening limitation.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.221-263
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• 2009

This paper studies the behaviour of stock prices on the ex-dividend day in the Korean stock market. Since a majority of listed Korean firms are December firms whose fiscal year end in December and whose ex-dividend day falls on the same calendar day in the year, we use stock prices of Non-December firms to estimate the general stock price movements not related to cash dividends. We estimate excess returns on days around the ex-dividend day. Our major findings are (a) there is no tax clientele effect in Korea, (b) the opening price stock prices fell by the amount of the current cash dividend per share until 2001, but it does not fall as much as the current dividend per share since 2001. Furthermore, in contrast to the U.S. and the Japanese findings, (c) stocks earned negative excess returns on the ex-dividend day until 2001, after which all stocks are earning positive excess returns on the ex-dividend day, and (d) the closing stock price on the ex-dividend day that used to be even higher than the cum-dividend price until 2001 is lower than the opening stock price since 2001. The evidence suggests a structural break has happened around the year 2001.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

Recently, underground spaces can be usually applied to the alternative of land use for parking. However, lack of window and natural light are among the most cited drawbacks associated with dark image of underground. If underground parking lots are designed to be positive and safe environment for people, openings for daylighting will play a significant role. The natural light and unobstructed view to outdoor are main elements to create optimal underground parking lots. This paper focuses on investigating the actual day lighting conditions and evaluating the day lighting performance of openings as potential lighting resources. For the study, the field measurements and Questionnaire surveys are conducted. And then, the day lighting performance of underground parking lots based on opening geometry and orientation are evaluated by scaled model experiments. As results, the feelings of safety and orientation of underground parking lots are improved by openings for day lighting regardless of the sizes. The required illuminances (daylight factor 0.5%) for underground parking lots can be satisfied in the skylight opening ratio of 4% or more.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.681-693
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• 2019

다회용 점안제는 개봉 후 여러 번 사용되기 때문에 사용 중 품질저하 가능성이 높다. 다회용 점안제의 개봉 후 안정성 평가 관련 국내외 규정의 비교분석을 통해 제제별 안정성을 평가하여 개봉 후 안전한 사용기간을 제안하고자 한다. 국내에서 다빈도로 사용중인 다회용 점안제 4종(올로파타딘염산염(Olo), 플루오로메톨론(Flu), 도르졸라미드염산염(Dor), 티몰롤말레산염(Timol))을 대상으로 개봉 후 실제 사용방법에 따른 보관조건을 통해 안정성을 평가하였다. 연구결과 Olo는 개봉 2개월 이후 주성분 및 보존제 함량이 감소하였고, Flu는 개봉 후 28일 차부터 함량이 감소되었다. Dor와 Timol 복합점안제의 경우 Dor은 함량 및 유연물질이 개봉 후 14일부터, Timol의 함량은 개봉 후 28일부터 안정성 저하를 보였다. Olo, Flu은 개봉 후 28일 이내로, Dor, Timol은 개봉 후 14일 이내에만 사용되어야 한다. 무균제제인 다회용 점안제는 개봉 후 안정성 평가를 통해 사용기간 설정에 대한 규제제도 개선이 필요함을 제언하고자 한다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권3E호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to examine fracture characteristics of concrete at early ages, i.g. critical stress intensity factor, critical crack-tip opening displacement, fracture energy, and bilinear softening curve based on the concepts of effective-elastic crack model and cohesive crack model. A wedge splitting test for Mode I was performed on cubic wedge specimens with a notch at the edge. By experimenting with various strengths and ages, load-crack mouth opening curves were obtained, and the results were analyzed by linear elastic fracture mechanics and FEM(finite element method). The results from the test and analysis showed that critical stress intensity factor and facture energy increased while critical crack-tip opening displacement decreased with concrete aging from 1 day to 28 days. Four parameters of bilinear softening curve from 1 day to 28 days were obtained from a numerical analysis. The obtained fracture parameters and bilinear softening curves at early ages from this study are to be used as a fracture criterion and an input data for the finite element analysis of concrete at early ages.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.447-455
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• 1998

A 42-year old male patient was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital due to the chief complaint of limite mouth opening. Three years ago, the patient was diagnosed as an infarction of both cerefellar hemispheres, acute obstructive hydrocephalus and acute epidural hematoma of frontal lobe at the department of neurosurgery.Both of the infarcted cerevellar hemispheres and the epidural hematoma of frontal lobe were removed with suboccipital and frontal craniectomu. After the brain surgery jaw opening range was decreased progressively and ultimately mouth opening became almost impossible. Spasmodic and rhythmic contractions of the masseter muscles occurred intermittently during daytime as well as sleeping. Food intake was available only through Levin -tube. Actibe jaw opening exercise was prescribed with the aids of tongue blades. A moist hot pack and indomethacin phonophesis were also applied 20 minutes three times a day to decrease discomfort muscle activities. After a month of treatments, the opening range was increased to 5mm at the premolar area and oral food intake was possibel. The L-tube was removed and the patient was discharged.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권4권
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• pp.442-446
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to document; the development of head circumferences, changes of the eyes, and the time of eruption of deciduous teeth in Shih-tzu dogs. In 12 pups of 4 Shih-tzu bitches, the development of head circumferences were estimated from whelping day (Day 0) to 41 days after birth, and the changes of the eyes and the time of eruption of deciduous teeth were estimated from whelping day to 45 days. The head circumferences were $11.24{\pm}0.67\;(mean{\pm}S.D)$ cm in Day 0 and $19.87{\pm}1.42cm$ in Day 41 and the daily increased length was $0.22{\pm}0.08cm$, respectively. The changes of the eyes wert: determined the first and the completely opening time of eyes. The first and completely opening time of the eyes in pups Day $10.75{\pm}0.97$ (range: $9.50{\sim}13.00$) and Day $13.17{\pm}1.27\;(11.50{\sim}15.33)$, respectively. In the time of deciduous teeth eruption in Shih-tzu, the first day of eruption was started in Day 35.90. The rank of deciduous teeth eruption was $C_1,\;C^1,\;P_3,\;I^3,\;I^2,\;P_4,\;I^1\;and\;P_2$, respectively.