• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1990.04a
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• pp.57-60
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• 1990

The purpose of this report is to study the traffic opening day of concrete pavement. For this purpose this paper studies on the propeties of various cement types which include the newly developed cement for the cement pavement regarding the resistance to the chemical attack caused by de-icing salt and the durability of the concrete pavement. Especially, traffic opening day of concrete pavement are discussed on site.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of active mandibular exercise (AME) in patients with limited mouth opening after maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) release. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group and a pre test-post test design. Sixty-two patients with Maxillomandibular Fixation Release were assigned to the experimental (n=31) or control group (n=31). The AME was performed in the experimental group for 4 weeks. The exercise AME consisted of maximal mouth opening, lateral excursion and protrusive movement. These movements were repeated ten times a day. After the final exercise of the day, the number of tongue blades used for mouth opening was noted. The effect of AME was evaluated after MMF release at different time intervals: a) immediately, b) after 1 week, c) after 2 weeks, d) after 4 weeks, and e) after 12 weeks. The exercise was assessed using the following criteria: a) mandibular movements, b) pain scores associated with maximal mouth opening, c) discomfort scores associated with range of movement, and d) daily life activities that involve opening the mouth. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement regarding the range of mandibular movements (maximal mouth opening (F=23.60, p<.001), lateral excursion to the right side (F=5.25, p=.002), lateral excursion to the left side (F=5.97, p=.001), protrusive movement (F=5.51, p=.001)), pain score (F=39.59, p<.001), discomfort score (F=9.38, p<.001). Daily life activities that involve opening the mouth were more favorable compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: The AME in patients after MMF release is helpful for increasing mandibular movement range, decreasing pain and discomfort, and improving day life activities that involve opening the mouth. Therefore, AME is highly recommended as an effective nursing intervention.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.221-229
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• 2020

This study aims to find out predictors of a movie's eventual box office, focusing on a movie's box office rank on an opening day. For an empirical analysis, I use data of 794 commercial movies released in the Korean theatrical exhibition market during the recent five years(2013~2017). The regression analysis shows that being box office number one on an opening day has statistically significant impact on a movie's final box office. A movie's quality, measured by audience's review, does not give significant impact on top1 movie's final success. Indexes such as increase of showing number on Sunday are strongly related to a movie's economic success. The additional analysis on box office number one movie on an opening day, totally 158 movies, finds that box office growth rate on a second week is strongly related to a movie's final success. Lastly, correlation coefficient of a movie's opening day box office and final box office does not show consistent growth when the coefficient is compared yearly. This study might have meaning in that it proposes new box office predictors and shows the relation of the indexes and a movie's final performance empirically.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2001

PURPOSE : The Purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect on combination dosage of dexamethasone and naproxen after removal of impacted 3rd molars. We evaluated postoperative pain, swelling, and mouth opening limitation quantitatively. PATIENTS AND METHODS : Removal of an impacted lower third molar was done under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine to 239 healthy patients. We randomly gave experimental group 1.5mg dexamethasone and 200mg naproxen three times a day for postoperative 2days, and also gave control group 200mg naproxen alone three times a day for postoperative 2days. Swelling and pain were measured by visual analogue scale (VAS). Mouth opening limitation was measured by maximum interincisal opening length. We estimated these measurements in the first and second postoperative days. Differences between experimental and control group were investigated considering age, sex, BMI(body mass index), impacted type, surgical site(right or left), and operation time by independent student T-test. RESULTS : In general, swelling, pain, and mouth opening limitations were significantly reduced (p<0.01) by combination dose of dexamethasone and naproxen in postoperative one day. But there was no difference in pain on the second postoperative day. As variables being considered, in the postoperative pain, there was significant difference between experimental group and control group in only male, little bony removal group, left side extraction group. In case of postoperative swelling, there was no significant differences in male, adolescence, long operating time group (over 20 minutes), medium BMI group and right side extraction group. In case of postoperative mouth opening limitation, there was significant difference between only female and long operating time group (over 20 minutes). CONCLUSION : Variables being considered, postoperative swelling was more reduced by the combination dose of naproxen and dexamethasone than that of naproxen alone after removal of impacted 3rd molars. But there was varoius results in pain and mouth opening limitation.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.221-263
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• 2009

This paper studies the behaviour of stock prices on the ex-dividend day in the Korean stock market. Since a majority of listed Korean firms are December firms whose fiscal year end in December and whose ex-dividend day falls on the same calendar day in the year, we use stock prices of Non-December firms to estimate the general stock price movements not related to cash dividends. We estimate excess returns on days around the ex-dividend day. Our major findings are (a) there is no tax clientele effect in Korea, (b) the opening price stock prices fell by the amount of the current cash dividend per share until 2001, but it does not fall as much as the current dividend per share since 2001. Furthermore, in contrast to the U.S. and the Japanese findings, (c) stocks earned negative excess returns on the ex-dividend day until 2001, after which all stocks are earning positive excess returns on the ex-dividend day, and (d) the closing stock price on the ex-dividend day that used to be even higher than the cum-dividend price until 2001 is lower than the opening stock price since 2001. The evidence suggests a structural break has happened around the year 2001.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

Recently, underground spaces can be usually applied to the alternative of land use for parking. However, lack of window and natural light are among the most cited drawbacks associated with dark image of underground. If underground parking lots are designed to be positive and safe environment for people, openings for daylighting will play a significant role. The natural light and unobstructed view to outdoor are main elements to create optimal underground parking lots. This paper focuses on investigating the actual day lighting conditions and evaluating the day lighting performance of openings as potential lighting resources. For the study, the field measurements and Questionnaire surveys are conducted. And then, the day lighting performance of underground parking lots based on opening geometry and orientation are evaluated by scaled model experiments. As results, the feelings of safety and orientation of underground parking lots are improved by openings for day lighting regardless of the sizes. The required illuminances (daylight factor 0.5%) for underground parking lots can be satisfied in the skylight opening ratio of 4% or more.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.681-693
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• 2019

Multi-use ophthalmic solutions are used many times after opening; therefore, there is a high possibility of decreased quality during use. This study was conducted to determine the recommended use period of multi-use ophthalmic solutions based on evaluation of the stability by comparing stability evaluation regulations of the USA, EU and Korea We selected four types of multi-use ophthalmic solutions (Olopatadine (Olo), Fluorometholone (Flu), Dorzolamide (Dor), Timolol (Timol)) that are frequently marketed in Korea and evaluated their stability during storage according to the actual usage method after opening. The Olo had a decrease in assay and preservative content at 2 months after opening, while Flu showed a significant difference from day 28 after opening. For Dor, significant differences were observed from day 14 after opening in the assay and impurity test item and Timol showed a significant difference from day 28 after opening. Based on the results of the stability test Olo and Flu should only be used within 28 days of opening, while Dor and Timol should be used within 14 days of opening. Therefore, we suggest that regulations system related use periods of multi-use ophthalmic solutions designed as aseptic preparations should be improved based on the results of stability tests after opening.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.18 no.3E
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• pp.191-198
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to examine fracture characteristics of concrete at early ages, i.g. critical stress intensity factor, critical crack-tip opening displacement, fracture energy, and bilinear softening curve based on the concepts of effective-elastic crack model and cohesive crack model. A wedge splitting test for Mode I was performed on cubic wedge specimens with a notch at the edge. By experimenting with various strengths and ages, load-crack mouth opening curves were obtained, and the results were analyzed by linear elastic fracture mechanics and FEM(finite element method). The results from the test and analysis showed that critical stress intensity factor and facture energy increased while critical crack-tip opening displacement decreased with concrete aging from 1 day to 28 days. Four parameters of bilinear softening curve from 1 day to 28 days were obtained from a numerical analysis. The obtained fracture parameters and bilinear softening curves at early ages from this study are to be used as a fracture criterion and an input data for the finite element analysis of concrete at early ages.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 1998

A 42-year old male patient was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital due to the chief complaint of limite mouth opening. Three years ago, the patient was diagnosed as an infarction of both cerefellar hemispheres, acute obstructive hydrocephalus and acute epidural hematoma of frontal lobe at the department of neurosurgery.Both of the infarcted cerevellar hemispheres and the epidural hematoma of frontal lobe were removed with suboccipital and frontal craniectomu. After the brain surgery jaw opening range was decreased progressively and ultimately mouth opening became almost impossible. Spasmodic and rhythmic contractions of the masseter muscles occurred intermittently during daytime as well as sleeping. Food intake was available only through Levin -tube. Actibe jaw opening exercise was prescribed with the aids of tongue blades. A moist hot pack and indomethacin phonophesis were also applied 20 minutes three times a day to decrease discomfort muscle activities. After a month of treatments, the opening range was increased to 5mm at the premolar area and oral food intake was possibel. The L-tube was removed and the patient was discharged.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.442-446
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to document; the development of head circumferences, changes of the eyes, and the time of eruption of deciduous teeth in Shih-tzu dogs. In 12 pups of 4 Shih-tzu bitches, the development of head circumferences were estimated from whelping day (Day 0) to 41 days after birth, and the changes of the eyes and the time of eruption of deciduous teeth were estimated from whelping day to 45 days. The head circumferences were $11.24{\pm}0.67\;(mean{\pm}S.D)$ cm in Day 0 and $19.87{\pm}1.42cm$ in Day 41 and the daily increased length was $0.22{\pm}0.08cm$, respectively. The changes of the eyes wert: determined the first and the completely opening time of eyes. The first and completely opening time of the eyes in pups Day $10.75{\pm}0.97$ (range: $9.50{\sim}13.00$) and Day $13.17{\pm}1.27\;(11.50{\sim}15.33)$, respectively. In the time of deciduous teeth eruption in Shih-tzu, the first day of eruption was started in Day 35.90. The rank of deciduous teeth eruption was $C_1,\;C^1,\;P_3,\;I^3,\;I^2,\;P_4,\;I^1\;and\;P_2$, respectively.