• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2017

OpenADR is a national standard communication protocol of demand response service. OpenADR uses XML message, called a payload, to support logical transaction of demand response service. For this purpose, OpenADR defines a XML element as transaction identifier which is called requestID. Unfortunately, OpenADR 2.0b profile specification describes some information about requestID but, it is not enough for understanding properly. Ambiguous definition of payload transaction makes vulnerabilities of implementing VEN & VTN and confuses mapping OpenADR 2.0b protocol into other smart grid protocols. Therefore, this paper redefines payload transaction to solve an ambiguous information of OpenADR 2.0b profile specification, proposes a model of analyzing payload transaction, and shows how to detect a payload transaction vulnerability in real-world.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

The 'NIST Framework and Road Map for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards' proposes an architecture framework to secure the direction of development and standard interoperability of smart grid and provides a list of identified standard, standard cyber security strategies, and certification framework. In particular, SEP 2.0 and OpenADR 2.0 are the examples. SEP 2.0 and OpenADR 2.0 can functionally link HEMS and Smart Grid, but interoperability standards between the two protocols are not planned in above document. The OpenADR Alliance also announced that work is underway to define mapping tables for interoperability between OpenADR 2.0 and SEP 2.0, but no information is yet available. Therefore, In this paper, in developing energy efficiency improvement HEMS, we propose a mapping model that supports syntactic and semantic founded interoperability between SEP 2.0 and OpenADR 2.0b for ICT grid convergence based on the standard specification document of each protocol and confirmed through an example of the semantic mapping function based on the demand response service scenario.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.904-914
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• 2017

For efficient energy usage, the concept of demand response has been emerged and thereby Open Automated D emand Response(OpenADR) protocol is developed as a standard protocol to provide automated demand response. There have been emerging trends on the demand response services using the Internet of Things(IoT) for smart h ome energy management. In this smart home energy IoT environment, a lightweight protocol is needed rather tha n the existing HTTP/ XML based OpenADR protocol for demand response services since many small devices wi ll be interconnected. In this paper, we propose a lightweight OpenADR protocol based on CoAP protocol for pro viding demand response service in Smart Energy IoT environment, implement the proposed CoAP-based protocol, and analyzed the performance compared to existing HTTP/ XML-based OpenADR 2.0b protocol.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.311-318
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• 2020

A virtual power plant is a kind of software power plant that enables participation in power operation by integrally managing individual distributed resources. This paper proposes a common information communication architecture based on the TASE.2 standard and the OpenADR2.0 standard to operate a virtual power plant as a single power system. ESS is designed TASE.2 SBO devices that related objects are mapped to OpenADR2.0 services and composed as a single sequence type. Through simulation verification, it conforms data exchange and operation based on both standards.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.68-75
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• 2017

본고에서는 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) 네트워크 기반의 자동 수요반응 기술에 대해 소개한다. 수요반응은 피크 수요 기간 동안 전력의 안정화에 큰 기여를 할 수 있으며, 수요반응의 범위와 효과가 증가함에 따라 일반 수용가의 참여가 매우 중요한 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 하지만, 다양한 지역에 위치한 수용가를 대상으로 수요반응 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 유틸리티 또는 수요관리사업자와 고객 간의 수요반응 신호 교환과 정보 공유를 위한 통합 네트워크 구축이 필수적으로 필요하다. 또한, 이기종 시스템 간 상호운용성 보장을 위한 공통의 통신 제어 기술이 요구된다. 본고에서는 AMI 네트워크를 기반으로 IEC/PAS 규격인 Open Automated Demand Response version 2.0 (OpenADR2.0) 기술을 채택하여 수용가를 대상으로 한 자동화된 수요반응 서비스를 실현하고자 한다. AMI 디바이스를 수요반응 자원으로 활용하기 위하여 기존의 기능은 유지한 채로 OpenADR2.0 프로토콜을 탑재하여 수요반응 기능이 추가된 디바이스들을 개발하였으며, 프로토콜 적합성 테스트와 필드 테스트를 통하여 자동화된 수요 반응 서비스 및 부하 감축을 검증하였다. 개발 소프트웨어는 OpenADR Alliance로부터 국제공인인증을 획득함으로써 수요 반응 시스템의 레퍼런스 통신 기술로 적용이 가능하다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.333-339
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• 2016

Technology to optimize and utilize the use and supply of the electric power between consumer and supplier has been on the rise among the smart grid power market network in electric power demand management based on the Internet. Open Automated Demand Response system protocol, which can deliver Demand Response needed in electric power demand management to electricity supplier, system supplier and even the user is openADR 2.0b. This paper used the most credible, cosmopolitanly proliferated EPRI open source and analysed the variety of security vulnerability that developed VEN and VTN system may have. Using the simulator for attacking openADR protocol, the VEN/VTN system that has been implemented as EPRI open source was conducted to attack in a variety of ways. As a result of the analysis, we were able to get the results that the VEN/VTN system has security vulnerabilities to the parameter tampering attacks and service flow falsification attack. In conclusion, if you want to implement the openADR2.0b protocol system in the open or two-way communication environment smart grid network, considering a variety of security vulnerability should be sure to seek security technology and services.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.8
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• pp.1116-1120
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• 2014

With the shift of the energy paradigm from supply side management to demand side management, demand resource management and demand response plays an important role in the energy industry. As a consequency, a lot of researches have been done to provide a suitable demand response system. However, most of the demand response systems are based on the propriety products that cannot be modified. In this paper, we are proposing an automated demand response system using an EnerNOC provided open source code. We implemented the demand response server (VTN) and demand response client (VEN), and validated the OpenADR2.0 compliances using the open source code. We also used an Arduino microcontoller to demonstrate the communication schemes to control various devices.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.613-623
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• 2012

In this paper, we present an ultra miniaturized voltage tuned oscillator, with HMIC-type amplifier and phase shifter, using LTCC artificial dielectric resonator. ADR which consists of periodic conductor patterns and stacked layers has a smaller size than a dielectric resonator. The design specification of ADR is obtained from the design goal of oscillator. The structure of the ADR with a stacked circular disk type is chosen. The resonance characteristic, physical dimension and stack number are analyzed. For miniaturization of ADRO, the ADR is internally implemented at the upper part of the LTCC substrate and the other circuits, which are amplifier and phase shifter are integrated at the bottom side respectively. The fabricated ADRO has ultra small size of $13{\times}13{\times}3mm^3$ and is a SMT type. The designed ADRO satisfies the open-loop oscillation condition at the design frequency. As a results, the oscillation frequency range is 2.025~2.108 GHz at a tuning voltage of 0~5 V. The phase noise is $-109{\pm}4$ dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency and the power is $6.8{\pm}0.2$ dBm. The power frequency tuning normalized figure of merit is -30.88 dB.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2015

The smart grid is a next-generation power grid to create a new value-added information technology. Power providers and consumers exchange information in real-time bi-directional, and optimize energy efficiency with using the smart grid. This paper describes the concept of demand response of the communication system used in the protocol, implementation of demand response systems with demand response scenarios for power reduction through the air conditioning control.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.117-124
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• 2017

A Smart Grid is a system that can efficiently use energy by exchanging real-time information in both directions between a consumer and a power supplier using ICT technology on an existing power network. DR(Demand response) is an arrangement in which electricity users can sell the electricity they save to the electricity market when the price of electricity is high or the power system is crisis. In this study, we developed a power meter data transmission device and power IT system that measure the demand information in real-time using a smart meter and transmit it to a cloud server. The power meter data transmission device developed in this study uses alight sensor connected to a Raspberry Pi 3 to measure the number of blinking lamps on the KEPCO meter per unit of power, in order to provide reliable data without any measurement errors with respect to the KEPCO power data. The power measurement data transmission device uses the standard communication protocol, OpenADR 2.0b. The measured data is transmitted to the power IT system, which consists of the VEN, VTN, and calculation program, via the LTE WiFi communication network and stored in its MySQL DB. The developed power measurement data transmission device issues a power supply instruction and performs a peak reduction DR when a power system crisis occurs. The developed power meter data transmission device has the advantage of allowing the user to adjust it every 1 minute, where as the existing smart metering time is fixed at once every 15 minutes.