• 응용통계연구
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.321-334
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• 2020

최근 미 연준이 정책금리 인하를 결정하면서 향후 통화정책 운용방향에 관해 관심이 고조되고 있다. 과거 금리동결 시점이나 동결기간 중, 그리고 인상이나 인하 시점이 다가왔을 때 통화정책 의결문의 표현을 살펴보면 단어 선택의 변화 등을 통해 시장과 꾸준하게 커뮤니케이션해 왔었다는 것을 알 수 있다. 하지만 이렇게 의결문의 표현을 문맥을 통해 분석하는 방법이 다소 주관적이고 정성적인 분석에 그칠 수 있다는 비판이 있다. 이런 점을 고려하여 Woo와 Chang (2016)에서는 데이터마이닝 기법 중 하나인 텍스트마이닝 방법을 통해 의결문 분석 과정을 보완할 수 있는 방법을 제안한 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 선행 연구 결과를 토대로 미 연준의 통화정책 의결문의 정책 시그널링 효과를 평가해 보았다. 의결문의 특성을 텍스트마이닝 관점에서 분석하고 의결문 간 표현의 변화를 포착하여 향후 정책 기조 변화를 예측하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대표적인 데이터마이닝 기법인 의사결정나무모형과 신경망모형을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 대체로 의결문 간 비유사성의 변화가 향후 정책 변화를 효과적으로 예측할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었으며, 그동안 미 연준이 의결문을 통해 체계적으로 정책 시그널링을 실시해 온 결과로 판단할 수 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2013

우리나라 지반공학 기술의 발달로 지반굴착 공사가 대규모로 수행되고 있으나, 지반굴착시 공사현장 또는 인접구조물에 직,간접적인 피해를 유발하는 사고는 여전히 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 특히 주거시설이나 상업시설이 밀집해 있는 도심지의 지하터널, 도시철도 역사, 대규모 상업시설, 초고층 빌딩의 기초 공사 등으로 인한 지반굴착관련 사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있어 경제적인 손실 뿐 아니라 인명피해가 발생하여 사회적인 비용이 급속히 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 빈번히 발생하는 개착식 흙막이 굴착관련 사고를 방지하기 위하여 최근 발생한 개착식 흙막이 굴착공사로 인한 다수의 사고 및 인접시설물에 영향을 끼친 사례를 수집, 분석을 수행하여 사고발생 원인에 대하여 고찰하고, 수치해석기법을 사용하여 국내 대표적인 지반조건(내륙, 해안특성) 및 공사공법에 따른 굴착시 영향 분석을 수행하였다. 25건의 사고사례를 분석한 결과, 주요 영향요인으로 지반조사의 부실, 가시설 구조체의 불안정 및 지하수의 처리 미흡 등으로 나타났으며, 이 외 여러 요인들이 복합적으로 작용하여 굴착현장에 문제를 발생시키는 것으로 나타났다. 국내의 대표적인 지반조건 및 시공경향을 고려한 22개의 case에 대한 수치해석결과는 일반적인 내륙지역에서는 차수공법에 비해 배수공법에서 침하가 크게 발생하고, 연약지반 및 암반의 불연속면이 발달한 지역에서는 earth anchor 공법 적용시 면밀한 검토가 필요하며, 압밀이 진행 중인 점토지반에서는 과잉간극수압에 대한 고려가 반드시 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2000

시편의 열분석과 SEM 분석에서 투명한 BP-계열의 시료 중 BP-1은 두 가지의 미세한 상으로 형성된 액적을 가진 유리 상을 발견할 수 있었고 열처리에 의하여 불혼화 영역이 생겨났다. BP-2 시료의 경우에서는 구형의 불혼화 영역이 관찰되는데 이와 같은 불혼화 현상의 원인은 용융액 내에 존재하는 양이온의 이온장 세기에 의한 것으로 해석하였다. 그리고 BP-계열 유리의 파장에 대한 흡수도는 $Bi_2O_3$의 함량이 많을수록 크게 나타났으며 400~800 nm 파장범위에서 흡수도의 변화는 완만하게 나타났다. 그리고 자외선에 대한 흡수단은 좀더 긴 파장 쪽으로 이동하였다. FT-IR 스펙트럼에서 BP-계열의 유리는 PbO 함량이 많은 시료가 보다 큰 흡수가 일어났으며 $3382cm^{-1}$과 $2800cm^{-1}$에서 나타나는 흡수대는 각각 사면체 $BO_1$에서 B-O 신축진동에 해당하는 흡수대와 B-O-B 변각진동에 해당하는 흡수대임을 알 수 있었다. BP-계열에서 $3400cm^{-1}$ 흡수대들이 예리해지는 것은 유리질 내 생성된 결정상이 성장하고 있는 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2012

스컬용융법으로 큐빅지르코니아(YSZ) 단결정들($ZrO_2$: $Y_2O_3$= 80 : 20, 70 : 30, 60 : 40, 50 : 50 wt%, $Co_3O_4$: 0.8wt%, $CeO_2$: 0.4wt%)을 성장시켜 $N_2$ 분위기 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 5시간 동안 열처리 하였다. 오랜지색, 황갈색 또는 갈색의 단결정들은 각각 갈적색, 황색 또는 녹색으로 변화되었다. 열처리 전 후의 YSZ 단결정들은 직경 6.5, 두께 2 mm의 웨이퍼로 연마 하였다. 각 시편의 광학적 또는 구조적 특성은 UV-VIS 분광광도계와 XRD(X-ray diffraction)로 분석하였으며, $Ce^{3+}(^2F_{5/2,7/2}(4f){\rightarrow}^2T_g(5d^1))$, $Co^{2+}(^4A_2(^4F){\rightarrow}^4T_1(^4F)$ 또는 $^4T_1(^4P))$ 및 $Co^{3+}$에 의한 흡수, 이온화에너지 및 격자상수 변화를 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.133-144
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• 2009

Incheon Bridge, 18.4 km long sea-crossing bridge, will be opened to the traffic in October 2009 and this will be the new landmark of the gearing up north-east Asia as well as the largest & longest bridge of Korea. Incheon Bridge is the integrated set of several special featured bridges including a magnificent cable-stayed girder bridge which has a main span of 800 m width to cross the navigation channel in and out of the Port of Incheon. Incheon Bridge is making an epoch of long-span bridge designs thanks to the fully application of the AASHTO LRFD (load & resistance factor design) to both the superstructures and the substructures. A state-of-the-art of the geotechnologies which were applied to the Incheon Bridge construction project is introduced. The most Large-diameter drilled shafts were penetrated into the bedrock to support the colossal superstructures. The bearing capacity and deformational characteristics of the foundations were verified through the world's largest static pile load test. 8 full-scale pilot piles were tested in both offshore site and onshore area prior to the commencement of constructions. Compressible load beyond 30,000 tonf pressed a single 3 m diameter foundation pile by means of bi-directional loading method including the Osterberg cell techniques. Detailed site investigation to characterize the subsurface properties had been carried out. Geotextile tubes, tied sheet pile walls, and trestles were utilized to overcome the very large tidal difference between ebb and flow at the foreshore site. 44 circular-cell type dolphins surround the piers near the navigation channel to protect the bridge against the collision with aberrant vessels. Each dolphin structure consists of the flat sheet piled wall and infilled aggregates to absorb the collision impact. Geo-centrifugal tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of the dolphin in the seabed and to verify the numerical model for the design. Rip-rap embankments on the seabed are expected to prevent the scouring of the foundation. Prefabricated vertical drains, sand compaction piles, deep cement mixings, horizontal natural-fiber drains, and other subsidiary methods were used to improve the soft ground for the site of abutments, toll plazas, and access roads. Light-weight backfill using EPS blocks helps to reduce the earth pressure behind the abutment on the soft ground. Some kinds of reinforced earth like as MSE using geosynthetics were utilized for the ring wall of the abutment. Soil steel bridges made of corrugated steel plates and engineered backfills were constructed for the open-cut tunnel and the culvert. Diverse experiences of advanced designs and constructions from the Incheon Bridge project have been propagated by relevant engineers and it is strongly expected that significant achievements in geotechnical engineering through this project will contribute to the national development of the longspan bridge technologies remarkably.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

본 연구는 직무만족과 이직의사를 일반적 특성과 질문지를 통한 내용으로 분석하여 방사선출신 병원사무장들의 직무만족과 이직의사에 대해 어떤 요인들이 영향을 미치는가에 대해 그 초점을 맞추었다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 우선 전체 직무만족도와 이직의사를 살펴보면 전체 직무만족는 3.00점이고, 이직의사는 2.79점이다. 5점 척도에서 직무만족는 평균 2.5점 보다 약간 높은 점수를 보여 그다지 높은 직무만족을 가지고 있다고 볼 수 없으며, 이직의사에서도 평균점을 조금 넘는 점수를 보여 대체적으로 이직하려는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 방사선사출신 병원사무장의 경우, 연령이 증가함에 따라 받게 되는 정체성 때문에, 미래를 위한 새로운 투자가 필요할 것으로 본다. 현실에 안주하는 병원사무장이 아니라 미래를 준비하는 병원관리자로 방사선사출신 병원사무장들의 미래가 투명해 지길 기대한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2009

본 연구는 개봉 후 남은 두부의 보관에 이용되는 용기 및 저장방법에 따른 두부의 저장성을 평가하고자, 진공용기, 밀폐용기, 그리고 두부제조사의 두부 포장용 트레이를 이용하였다. 냉장온도($5^{\circ}C$)에서는 진공용기를 적용하였을 때 미생물 생장을 일부 억제한 반면, 상온($25^{\circ}C$)에서는 용기간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 이는 온도 상승에 의한 미생물 생육이 진공을 적용함으로 억제되기는 어렵다는 것을 보여준다. 두부의 색도 변화는 온도와 저장기간에 따른 차이가 거의 없어 침지에 의해 색변화가 억제되는 것으로 사료된다. $5^{\circ}C$에 저장한 두부 침지액의 pH는 진공용기에서는 15일째까지 초기값을 유지하였으며 밀폐용기 및 트레이는 각각 12일 및 9일 이후 감소하여 진공용기와 차이를 보였다. 상온 저장에서는 12시간 이후 침지액의 pH 및 탁도 변화가 모든 용기에서 급격히 일어나 두부의 보관수명이 12시간을 넘지 못하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.481-484
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• 2010

Purpose: Congenital dermoid cysts develop during the fusion of the embryo when the ectodermal tissue gets trapped in the line of fusion. Dermoid cysts of the head are rare lesions comprised of epidermal and mesodermal elements. Furthermore, dermoid cysts in the occipital area are extremely rare. Only a few cases of dermoid cysts in the posterior scalp have been reported. Especially, A bilateral, synchronous presentation in this location has not been reported previously in the literature. Methods: All 5 cases had a gradually enlarging mass of the posterior aspect of the scalp. The cysts were mobile, noncompressible, and non-tender, without evidence of an associated sinus tract, skin dimpling, discoloration, or communication with adjacent structures. The CT scan displayed a hypodense cystic lesions about -87 to +24 HU (Housefield units, average +3.2 HU) with hypodense capsule and no postcontrast enhancement. All tumors were found just under the skin, and were well encapsulated, so they were completely removed the mass with adjacent periosteum. Results: On gross findings, all tumors were oval-or round-shaped, and when the cystic tumor was cut open it presented a greasy and caseous substance. Histologically, all specimens contain desquamated squamous epithelium and keratin in the lumen and are encapsulated and lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. And, all cases of posterior mass are the presence of adnexal structures. Conclusion: Appropriate diagnosis requires not only an index of suspicion for this rare tumor a very careful history and search for skin changes. Especially, CT can reveal the exact location of the cyst, its relationship with the adjacent structures. We think that occipital dermoids divide into superficial and deep type. In our cases, because they did not have intra-cranial involvement or fistula formation, they are superficial type. This report describes the clinical and operative aspects of the superficial dermoid cysts and provides a review of the literatures.