• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.67-72
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• 2013

The flash point is the lowest temperature at which there is enough concentration of flammable vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air. The flash point is a major physical property used to analyse the fire and explosion hazards of a flammable liquid solution. The flash point data for pure components are easily available in several literature. But the flash points of the flammable binary solutions appear to be scarce in the literature. The objective of this study is to measure and estimate the flash point of acetic acid-formic acid system. Cleveland open cup tester was used to measure the flash point. The experimental data were compared with the values estimated by the Raoult's law and the optimization methods based on van Laar and Wilson equations. As a result, the estmated values by optimization methods were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.20-24
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• 2015

For the safe handling of anisole, this study was investigated the explosion limits of anisole in the reference data. The flash points and auto-ignition temperatures (AITs) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of Anisole by using closed-cup tester were experimented in $39^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of Anisole by using open cup tester were experimented in $50^{\circ}C$ and $54^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for Anisole. The AIT of Anisole was experimented as $390^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit (LEL) by the measured the lower flash point for Anisole were calculated as 1.07 Vol%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

Flash points for the flammable binary systems, n-propanol+acetic acid and n-propanol+n-propionic acid, were measured by Cleveland open cup tester. The Raoult's law, the van Laar equation and the UNIQUAC equation were used for predicting flash points and were compared with experimentally-derived data. The calculated values based on the van Laar and UNIQUAC equations were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law. And the predictive curve of the flash point prediction model based on the UNIQUAC equation described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than was the case when the prediction model was based upon the the van Laar equation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2018

In the industrial chemical process involving combustible materials, reliable safety data are required for design prevention, protection and mitigation measures. The accurate combustion properties are necessary to safely treatment, transportation and handling of flammable substances. The combustion parameters necessary for process safety are lower flash point, upper flash point, fire point, lower explosion limit(LEL), upper explosion limit(UEL)and autoignition temperature(AIT) etc.. However, the combustion properties suggested in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) are presented differently according to the literatures. In the chemical industries, tetralin which is widely used as a raw material of intermediate products, coating substances and rubber chemicals was selected. For safe handling of tetralin, the lower and flash point, the fire point, and the AIT were measured. The LEL and UEL of tetralin were calculated using the lower and upper flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of tetralin by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $70^{\circ}C$ and $76^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of tetralin using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $78^{\circ}C$ and $81^{\circ}C$, respectively. The AIT of the measured tetralin by the ASTM E659 apparatus was measured at $380^{\circ}C$. The LEL and UEL of tetralin measured by Setaflash closed-cup tester at $70^{\circ}C$ and $109^{\circ}C$ were calculated to be 1.02 vol% and 5.03 vol%, respectively. In this study, it was possible to predict the LEL and the UEL by using the lower and upper flash point of tetralin measured by Setasflash closed-cup tester. A new prediction method for the ignition delay time by the ignition temperature has been developed. It is possible to predict the ignition delay time at different ignition temperatures by the proposed model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.70-76
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• 2012

For the safe handling of n-tetradecane, the lower flash points and the upper flash point, fire point, AITs (auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. Also lower and upper explosion limits by using measured the lower and upper flash points for n-tetradecane were calculated. The lower flash points of n-tetradecane by using closed-cup tester were measured $104^{\circ}C$ and $112^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points and fire point of n-tetradecane by using open cup tester were measured $113^{\circ}C$ and $115^{\circ}C$, respectively. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 apparatus for n-tetradecane. The experimental AIT of n-tridecane was $207^{\circ}C$. The calculated lower and upper explosion limit by using measured lower $104^{\circ}C$ and upper flash point $140^{\circ}C$ for n-tetradecane were 0.63 Vol.% and 3.18 Vol%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

For the safe handling of cyclopentanol, this study was investigated the explosion limits of cyclopentanol in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash point of cyclopentanol by using closed-cup cyclopentanol was experimented at $49^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of cyclopentanol by using open cup tester was experimented at $59^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for cyclopentanol. The experimental AIT of cyclopentanol was at $363 ^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

For the safe handling of n-pentadecane, the lower flash points and the upper flash point, fire point, AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. Also lower and upper explosion limits by using measured the lower and upper flash points for n-pentadecane were calculated. The lower flash points of n-pentadecane by using closed-cup tester were measured $118^{\circ}C$ and $122^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points and fire point of n-pentadecane by using open cup tester were measured $126^{\circ}C$ and $127^{\circ}C$, respectively. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 apparatus for n-pentadecane. The experimental AIT of n-pentadecane was $195^{\circ}C$. The calculated lower and upper explosion limit by using measured lower $118^{\circ}C$ and upper flash point $174^{\circ}C$ for n-pentadecane were 0.54 Vol.% and 6.40 Vol.%.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2017

Because of the vertical combustion characteristics of combustible substances, accurate substance safety information for their safe use, handling and transportation is essential. The flash point, fire point, explosion limits and autoignition temperature (AIT) are important safety parameters which need special attention in chemical plants and laboratories that handle dangerous materials. In this study, tert-butylbenzene which is widely used as an intermediate material in the chemical industry was selected. For the reliability of the flammable properties of tert-butylbenzene, this study was investigated the explosion limits of tert-butylbenzene in the reference data. The flash points, fire points and AITs by the ignition delay time for tert-butylbenzene were experimented. The lower flash points of tert-butylbenzene by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $39^{\circ}C$ and $44^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of tert-butylbenzene by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $51^{\circ}C$ and $54^{\circ}C$. And the fire points of tert-butylbenzene by the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were $54^{\circ}C$ and $58^{\circ}C$ respectively. The AIT of tert-butylbenzene measured by the ASTM 659E tester was measured as $450^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit of $39^{\circ}C$ which measured by the Setaflash flash point tester was calculated to be 0.68 vol%.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

For the reliability of the combustible properties of arylic acid, this study was investigated the explosion limits of acrylic acid in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of acrylic acid by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented in $48^{\circ}C$ and $51^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lower flash points of arylic acid by using Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented in $56^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for acrylic acid. The AIT of acrylic acid was experimented as $417^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit(LEL) and the upper explosion limit(UEL) by the measured the lower flash point and the upper flash point of acrylic acid were calculated as 2.2 Vol% and 7.9 Vol%, respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.465-469
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• 2016

The usage of the correct combustion characteristic of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of cumene being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature (AIT) of cumene was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of cumene was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of cumene by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $31^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of cumene by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $43^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$. The AIT of cumene by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $419^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $31^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 0.87 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.