• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.188-192
• /
• 2013

Post-traumatic anterior open bite can occur as a result of broken balance among the masticatory muscles. The superior hyoid muscle group retracts the mandible downward and contributes to the anterior open bite. Denervation of the digastric muscle by injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) can reduce the power of the digastric muscle and help to resolve the post-traumatic anterior open bite. A patient with a bilateral angle fracture had an anterior open bite even after undergoing three operations under general anesthesia and rubber traction. Although the open bite showed some improvement by the repeated operation, the occlusion was still unstable six weeks after the initial treatment. To eliminate the residual anterior open bite, BTX-A was injected into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Following injection of BTX-A, the anterior open bite showed immediate improvement. Complication and relapse were not observed during follow-up. Long-standing post-traumatic open bite could be successfully corrected by injection of BTX-A into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle without complication.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 1999

Open clusters are useful tools to investigate the structure and evolution of the Galactic disk. We have started a long-term project to obtain UBVI CCD photometry of open clusters which were little studied before, using the Doyak 1.8 m telescope of Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory in Korea. The primary goals of this project are (1) to make a catalog of UBVI photometry of open clusters, (2) to make an atlas of open clusters, and (3) to survey and monitor variable stars in open clusters. Here we describe this project and report the first results based on preliminary analysis of the data on four open clusters in the survey sample: Be 14, Cr 74, Biu 9, and NGC 2355. Isochrone fitting of the color-magnitude diagrams of the clusters shows that all of them are intermediate age to old (0.3-1.6 Gyrs) open clusters with moderate metallicity.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2017

Network virtualization enables us to make efficient use of resources in a physical network by embedding multiple virtual networks in the physical network. In this paper, we develop a prototype of a virtual network embedding system. Our system consists of OpenStack, which is an open source cloud service platform, and shell scripts. Because OpenStack does not provide a quality of service control function, we realize bandwidth reservation for virtual links by making use of the ingress policing function of Open vSwitch, which is a virtual switch used in OpenStack. The shell scripts in our system automatically construct the required virtual network on the physical network using the OpenStack command-line interface, and they reserve bandwidth for virtual links using the Open vSwitch command. Experimental evaluation confirms that our system constructs the requested virtual network and appropriately allocates node and link resources to it.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.411-422
• /
• 2021

Technological adaption and innovative activities foster small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth, especially women-owned SMEs in Pakistan, However, the impact of technological adaption and innovative activities on SMEs growth in the context of Pakistan has been examined by very researchers. This study aims to identify the effect of technology and open innovation policies on the growth of women-owned SMEs and the present trends and management challenges for successful full implementation of open innovation. The study considered a sample of 693 women enterprises located in different cities in Pakistan. Open innovation is measured through eight innovative practices, reflecting the exploration and exploitation of technology in SMEs. Study findings revealed that women enterprises were involved in several open innovation policies during the last five years. Moreover, the study indicated no significant differences between manufacturing and service SMEs regarding open innovation practices; however, women enterprises are more impressively engaged in open innovation practices. Findings also reveal that women-owned SMEs follow open innovation, mainly for market-related intentions, to compete with competitors and meet customers' demands. Thus, it is suggested that government policy relating to thriving SMEs owned by women should be innovation-oriented. The study contributes to the theoretical and practical implications. Further, the study is helpful for SMEs, researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.173-188
• /
• 2014

In this paper, a new class of open sets, namely ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets was introduced and its basic properties were studied. Moreover a new type of topology ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$ was generated using ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets and characterized the resultant topological space (X, ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$) as ${\gamma}^*$-pre-$T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ space.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.777-778
• /
• 2009

2.0 시대에 도래하면서 웹에 대한 새로운 패러다임이 생성되었다. 이러한 웹 2.0의 주요 기술은 OpenAPI인데, OpenAPI는 간단한 프로토콜로 정의되어 사용되기 때문에 많은 사용자들이 손쉽게 서비스를 만들 수 있는 장점이 있다. 하지만 빠르게 증가하는 OpenAPI를 효과적으로 검색할 수 있는 여전히 연구중이다. 본 논문은 이러한 OpenAPI에 대해 키워드 기반 검색보다 한단계 발전한 시맨틱 기반의 검색을 제공하기 위해 관련 표준 및 기술에 대해 설명하였다. 이러한 시맨틱을 활용한 OpenAPI의 검색기법은 OpenAPI를 통해 많이 사용되는 매쉬업(Mashup)을 위한 서비스 검색에도 활용될 수 있다.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2017

We calculated 3D frequency- and Laplace-domain wavefields using time-domain modeling and Fourier transform or Laplace transform. We adopted OpenACC and GPU for an efficient parallel calculation. The OpenACC makes it easy to use GPU accelerators by adding directives in conventional C, C++, and Fortran programming languages. Accordingly, one doesn't have to learn new GPGPU programming languages such as CUDA or OpenCL to use GPU. An OpenACC program allocates GPU memory, transfers data between the host CPU and GPU devices and performs GPU operations automatically or following user-defined directives. We compared performance of 3D wave propagation modeling programs using OpenACC and GPU to that using single-core CPU through numerical tests. Results using a homogeneous model and the SEG/EAGE salt model show that the OpenACC programs are approximately 53 and 30 times faster than those using single-core CPU.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.904-914
• /
• 2017

For efficient energy usage, the concept of demand response has been emerged and thereby Open Automated D emand Response(OpenADR) protocol is developed as a standard protocol to provide automated demand response. There have been emerging trends on the demand response services using the Internet of Things(IoT) for smart h ome energy management. In this smart home energy IoT environment, a lightweight protocol is needed rather tha n the existing HTTP/ XML based OpenADR protocol for demand response services since many small devices wi ll be interconnected. In this paper, we propose a lightweight OpenADR protocol based on CoAP protocol for pro viding demand response service in Smart Energy IoT environment, implement the proposed CoAP-based protocol, and analyzed the performance compared to existing HTTP/ XML-based OpenADR 2.0b protocol.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.117-121
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we introduce $m$-open(closed) mappings by $m$-sets, and obtain a number of their properties. In particular, $m$-open(closed) mappings are used to extend known results for ${\alpha}$-open mapping, semi-open mappings and preopen mappings.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2017

One of the most widely-used open source project; OpenSSL is a cryptography library that is used to secure most web sites, servers and clients. One can secure the communication with the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols by using the OpenSSL library. Since cryptography protocols will be updated and enhanced in order to keep the system protected, the library was written in such a way that simplifies the integration of new cryptographic methods, especially for the symmetric cryptography protocols. However, it gets a lot more complicated in adding an asymmetric cryptography protocol and no guide can be found for the integration of the asymmetric cryptography protocol. In this paper, we explained the architecture of the OpenSSL library and provide a simple tutorial to modify the OpenSSL library in order to accommodate custom protocols of both symmetric and asymmetric cryptography.