• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2008

This experiment was performed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effects of cyclopeptide fraction alkaloids of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (CFAZ), by using the experimental paradigms of anxiety, and compared with those of a known anxiolytic, diazepam. CFAZ (8.0 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the percentage of time spent on the open arms and the number of open arms entries in the elevated plus-maze test, increased the number of head dips in the hole-board test, and increased the percentage of center zone ambulatory time in the open-field box. However, CFAZ has no effect on the locomotor activity, while diazepam (2.0 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced locomotor activity. CFAZ did not influence the grip force in the grip strength meter test, either. From the molecular experiments, CFAZ increased chloride influx in cultured cerebellar granule cells. In addition, $GABA_A$ receptors $\gamma$-subunit were over-expressed by CFAZ in cultured cerebellar granule cells. It is concluded that CFAZ may have anxiolytic-like effects, and these effects may be mediated by $GABA_A$ receptors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1115-1124
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• 1991

Recently the thoracic injuries have been markedly increasing due to the vast increase of traffic accident, industrial disaster, and incidental accident as well as the frequent use of the murderous weapons including gun or rifle. Because the thoracic injuries could involve the heart, lung, and great vessels, and would influence the lives, prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential. Most of thoracic injuries can be managed with the conservative treatment and simple surgical procedure such as closed thoracostomy, but certain cases require open thoracotomy to preserve lives and to return to their normal environment. The authors have analysed the result of 53 cases of open thoracotomy after thoracic injuries mainly according to the patient`s chart review. The mean age was 33.4 years old and male to female ratio was about 5: l. Injury mechanisms that elicited thoracic trauma indicated for open thoracotomy were penetrating[47%] and non-penetrating[53%] injuries. The Most common type of the thoracic lesion was hemothorax with or without pneumothorax and diaphragm rupture was the second. 58\ulcornero of thoracic injuries were accompanied by abdominal injuries and 47% by bone fractures. 34 patients were operated within 24 hours after injury and their average elapsed time was 13.6 hour. The remained patients were operated after 24 hours and their average elapsed time was 7.8 days. 71 cases of operative procedures containing some overlappings were performed: diaphragm repair[28], bleeding control[12], pulmonary and cardiac repair[4 cases] Postoperative complication rate was 32.1% and operative mortality rate was 9.4%[5/53].

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare effects of open and closed suctioning methods on lung dynamics (dynamic compliance, tidal volume, and airway resistance) and hypoxemia (oxygen saturation and heart rate) in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: This study was a cross-over repeated design. Participants were 21 adult patients being treated with endotracheal intubation using a pressure-controlled ventilator below Fraction of Inspired Oxygen ($FiO_2$) 60% and PEEP $8cmH_2O$. Data were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 minutes after suctioning. Data were analyzed using two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures on time and suctioning type. Results: Effects of the interaction between suction type and time were significant for oxygen saturation and heart rate but not significant for dynamic compliance, tidal volume, or airway resistance. Prior to performance of suctioning, tidal volume and oxygen saturation were significantly lower, but airway pressure and heart rate were significantly higher using the closed suctioning method as compared with the open suctioning method. Conclusion: For patients on ventilator therapy below $FiO_2$ 60% and PEEP $8cmH_2O$, open suctioning performed after delivery of 100% $FiO_2$ using a mechanical ventilator may not have as much negative impact on lung dynamics and hypoxemia as closed suctioning.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.147-159
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to find out significant factors which have effects on the communition styles and adolescents' satisfaction in communication through the investigation of the communication styles between adolescents and mothers and the degree of adolescents' satisfaction in communication. The subjects of this study were 44 high school students in Seoul Statistical methods emploid to analyze the data were percentage, frequency, mean, X2-test, F-test and multiple regression. The results were as follows; 1) The communication styles between adolescents and mothers were divided into 4 grpups, and the proportion of these 4 groups were mutual open style 40.3% mutual closed style 34.5%, adolescent closed-mother open style 13.1% and adolescent open-mother closed style 12.2%. 2) Factors influencing the communication styles were sex (p<.001), communication time (p<.001) and atomosphere of families(p<.001). 3) The degree of adolescents' satisfaction in communication were significantly different depending on the communication style (p<.001), sex (p<.001), communication time (p<.001) educational level of father (p<.05), employment status of mother (p<.05), atomosphere of famlies (p<.001) and economic condition of families (p<.001). 4) The most significant variables influencing the degree of adolescents' satisfaction were communication styles and the atomosphere of families. The groups using open communication styles were more satisfied with their communication that the groups using closed communication styles. The female adolescents were more sensitively influenced than male adolescents with these two variables.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.869-873
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• 2008

Optimization method for the open loop commutation time intervals in HDD spindle start-up control is presented in this paper. A hard disk drive(HDD) uses a sensorless brushless DC motor(BLDC) for the platter rotation. Because there is no direct sensor for the rotor position, open loop commutations after sensing the rotor position at a standstill using inductive sensing method are performed to speed up the rotor up to a certain speed where the zero crossings of the back electromotive force(EMF) are measurable. Therefore successful open loop commutations are necessary for the stable start-up control of the spindle motors. Random neighborhood search(RNS) algorithm is introduced as a optimization technic in this paper. Rotor speed and its standard deviation are used as a cost function and commutation intervals obtained from the spindle motion equation are used as initial parameter values for the RNS. With the help of the proposed method optimized open loop commutation time intervals for the very low start-up current are acquired and tested. The experimental results shows that the proposed method can decrease the start-up failure rate of a HDD spindle motor.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.737-744
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 소셜 네트워크 서비스는 최근에 가장 인기 있는 인터넷 비즈니스 모델로서 여러 나라에서 서비스되고 있는데 외국에서는 페이스북이 한국에서는 싸이월드가 유명하다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 소셜 네트워크 서비스들들 조사하고 분석하여 새로운 웹 2.0 개념에 충실한 오픈유 소셜 네트워크 서비스를 제시한다. 이는 실시간 채팅으로 서로 대화가 가능하고 협업 기능에 의해 실시간으로 자료 공유 및 자료를 보면서 대화가 가능한 차세대 인터넷 플랫폼 시스템이다. 오픈유의 주요 특징 및 기능을 화면 설계 및 구현을 통해 설명하고 다른 소셜 네트워크 서비스 시스템과의 비교를 통해 오픈유의 우수성을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.132-135
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the anxiolytic effects of total sponin fraction from Ginseng Radix Rubra (KRG) in mice using the elevated plus-maze model. The water extract of KRG and ginseng total saponins (GTS) purified from the water extract of KRG were administered orally to mice. One hour after administration of KRG water extract and GTS, mice were tested on the elevated plus-maze. The water extract of KRG 100 mg/kg, and GTS 25 and 50 mg/kg did not increase open arm entries and time spent on open arm. However, GTS 100 mg/kg increased the number of open arm entries and time spent on open arm. On the other hand, as the plus-maze test was affected by changes in locomotor activity, an additional test was carried out with the specific aim of monitoring locomotor activity. The water extract of KRG 100 mg/kg, and GTS 25 and 50 mg/kg did not affect the locomotor activity. However, GTS 100 mg/kg significantly decreased locomotor activity. From this study, we suggest that GTS may play an imponant role on the anxiolytic effects in the plus-maze model.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1087-1096
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• 2016

This paper reports an investigation conducted on two diagnostic methods based on the switching voltage pattern of IGBT open-circuit faults in voltage-source inverters (VSIs). One method was based on the bridge arm pole voltage, and the other was based on bridge arm line voltage. With an additional simple circuit, these two diagnostic methods detected and effectively identified single and multiple open-circuit faults of inverter IGBTs. A comparison of the times for the diagnosis and anti-interference features between these two methods is presented. The diagnostic time of both methods was less than 280ns in the best case. The diagnostic time for the method based on the bridge arm pole voltage was less than that of the method based on the bridge arm line voltage and was 1/2 of the fundamental period in the worst case. An experimental study was carried out to show the effectiveness of and the differences between these two methods.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

Ginseng has been widely used for the management of anxiety and emotional instability, but there is little experimental evidence supporting these clinical applications. The anxiolytic-like effect of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide fractions of white (WG) and red ginsengs (RG) was investigated using the elevated plus-maze test. The saponin (SF) and polysaccharide (PF) fractions were orally administered to male ICR mice for 3 days and behavioral test for the anxiolytic activity were performed. SF significantly increased the time-spent open arms and number into the in the open arm entries. However, PF weakly increased the time-spent in the open arms, but did not increase number into the open ann entries. The WG showed more potent anxiolytic-like effect than that of RG. The anxiolytic-like activities were antagonized by flumazenil, but not by esmolol. These findings suggest the saponin fractions of WG and RG promote the anxiolytic-like activity by antagonizing GABN/benzodiazepine receptors in mice.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.4787-4807
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• 2016

Although the dense interconnection datacenter networks (DCNs) (e.g. FatTree) provide multiple paths and high bisection bandwidth for each server pair, the single-path TCP (SPT) and ECMP which are widely used currently neither achieve high bandwidth utilization nor have good load balancing. Due to only one available transmission path, SPT cannot make full use of all available bandwidth, while ECMP's random hashing results in many collisions. In this paper, we present OFPT, an OpenFlow based Parallel Transport framework, which integrates precise routing and scheduling for better load balancing and higher network throughput. By adopting OpenFlow based centralized control mechanism, OFPT computes the optimal path and bandwidth provision for each flow according to the global network view. To guarantee high throughput, OFPT dynamically schedules flows with Seamless Flow Migration Mechanism (SFMM), which can avoid packet loss in flow rerouting. Finally, we test OFPT on Mininet and implement it in a real testbed. The experimental results show that the average network throughput in OFPT is up to 97.5% of bisection bandwidth, which is higher than ECMP by 36%. Besides, OFPT decreases the average flow completion time (AFCT) and achieves better scalability.