• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality(VR) program on standing balance in stroke with sensory deficit. Methods : Subjects were assigned randomly to either VR group (n=28) or the control group (n=31) when study began. Both groups were conducted electricity therapy, exercise therapy 5 times per week during six weeks, and a group who have VR group 3 times per week during six weeks. Both groups assessed for standing balance before and after virtual reality program. Results : In standing balance, the virtual reality program which have sensory deficit in stroke group, open eyes from the center area of the body and center line significantly reduced the training period(p<.05). The virtual reality program to instantly move the weight through maximum voluntary safety limits to sensory deficit of virtual reality program(p<.05). Conclusion : Stroke patients with sensory deficit affects the recovery of the standing balance. In addition, virtual reality program was stroke patients with sensory deficit affects the recovery of standing balance.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2001

Arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) transfers a sulfate group from a phenolic sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor substrate. In the present study, the gene encoding ASST was cloned from a genomic library copy of Citrobacter freundii, subcloned into the vector pGEM3Zf(-) and sequenced. Sequencing revealed two contiguous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) on the same strand and based on amino acid sequence homologyl they were designated as astA and dsbA, respectively. The amino acid sequence of astA deduced from C. freundii was highly similar to that of the Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter amnigenus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas putida, and Campylobacter jejuni, encoded by the astA genes. However, the ASST activity assay revealed different acceptor specificities. Using p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNS) as a donor substrate, $\alpha$-naphthol was found to be the best acceptor substrate, followed by phenol, resorcinol, p-acetaminophen, tyramine and tyrosine.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to gauge the social willingness to pay for cognitive enhancement program for elders. Methods: The subjects of this study were 77 subjects >65-years-of-age. The data were collected by direct interviews. The measures of willingness to pay were open-ended question and referendum format. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, and multiple regression. Results: Respondents were willing to pay 18,573 won for one use of a cognitive enhancement program for elders. The Monthly income was the only factor that statistically significantly affected willingness to pay. Conclusion: The findings will contribute to policy formulation regarding community based nursing program for elders.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1182-1189
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• 2009

컴퓨터 기반 교육의 잠재적인 이점은 개별화 교습이다. 결국 수준별 교육과정의 운영과 열린 교육의 실천을 위하여 어떻게 학습자 개개인에 대해서 신속하고 정확하게 평가할 수 있는가에 대한 문제가 제기된다. 본 연구에서는 평가를 위한 문항 수가 두드러지게 감소하면서 반면에 합격과 불합격 판정이 비교적 정확한 기존의 SPRT(Sequential Probability Ratio Testing) 판정 방법에 대한 문제점을 보완하여 보다 최적의 판정을 내릴 수 있는 방안을 시뮬레이션 연구를 통하여 제안한다. 이를 위하여 실제 측정에 의해서 얻어진 피험자 자료를 활용하여 SPRT판정의 정확도 검증을 위한 시뮬레이션과 최적의 SPRT판정을 위한 초기 설정치와 다단계 (Multilevel) SPRT 모형 및 판정 기준을 제시하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 타당성을 알아본다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2018

Objective: This study aims to provide information needed to determine the wages paid for replacement labor for work lost following accidents in agricultural operations. Methods: Visits and interviews were conducted with 171 farmers who experienced a loss of at least one day of work due to an agricultural workplace accident. Results: It was found that only 35.1% of the study participants hired replacement labor, and more replacement labor was hired in greenhouse and fruit workplaces than in open field work. The mean number of days of hiring replacement labor was 14.6 days, and no significant differences were found between the national average wage and the surveyed value, while female workers were paid less than their male counterparts. Conclusions: The results from this study would be of help in determining a reasonable level of compensation for lost work.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Immediately after liberation, Shin Kwang-ryul served as the director of the Shinbukcheong People's General Hospital, and defected to South Korea alone in December 1945 with hostility to the Soviet military government. Later, he joined the political operation team (政治工作隊) and was dispatched to the Sinbuk Office as a member of Hamgyeong-do's committee. However, after this was revealed, his wife was taken to the security and tortured to death. Later, when he learned about this, he left a Wolnam Yuseo (越南遺書) and decided to commit suicide. He left politics and started a new family while running a pharmacy. In 1950, he fled Dangjin, Chungnam, during the Korean War and opened an East Asian medical clinic. In 1955, he passed the Korean Medical Examination and opened Cheongpa Oriental Medicine Clinic in Asan, Chungcheongnam-do. In 1969, he ran an East Asian medical clinic in Dohwa-dong, Mapo, Seoul, and moved to Hongeun-dong in 1972 to open Hamnam Oriental Clinic. At this time he wrote a Cheongpa Pharmacy Summary (靑坡驗方要訣). In his later years, he treated poor patients for free, and he continued to work even though he was unwell due to a broken spine. He died in 1980 leaving behind a "proud mind".

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2020

본 연구는 평로탄화로 이용한 성형목탄 제조과정에서 얻은 탄화된 바이오매스의 특성을 분석하였으며, 기계적 전처리 및 평로탄화로 내 위치에 따른 특성 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 성형목탄 제조업체에서 채취된 바이오매스 1종과 탄화 바이오매스 5종의 시료를 대상으로 선별(screening) 및 분쇄(grinding)를 통해 분석시료의 입자크기 범위별로 분류한 후, 고정탄소, 회분, 휘발성 화합물, 원소 함량, 발열량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 평로탄화로의 위치에 따라서는 중간층의 탄화 바이오매스 발열량이 20.4 MJ/kg으로 가장 높은 연료적 특성을 나타내었다. 선별 입자 크기에 따라서는 100 mesh 이하의 탄화 바이오매스에서 회분함량이 가장 낮았고 발열량, 탄소 함량, 고정탄소 함량은 높았다. 상관관계 분석 결과 회분 함량은 발열량, 휘발성화합물, 고정탄소, 탄소 함량과 모두 음의 상관관계를 나타내어 회분 함량이 연료적 특성에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2024

Embryos of early-ripening peaches could not achieve physiological maturation or undergo abortion before harvest. Embryo rescue is an effective strategy to rescue embryos from early-ripening peaches. Thus, the current study was carried out to determine the appropriate developmental stage and optimal medium composition for embryo rescue in early-ripening peach. Development of open-pollinated 'Yumi' fruit was investigated from 20 to 90 days after full bloom (DAFB) to explore period occurring endocarp hardening. After endocarp hardening, embryo development was observed by light microscopes. Shoot and root meristems were observed at 65 DAFB and embryo size rapidly increased at 75 DAFB. Embryos collected at 75, 80, 85, and 90 DAFB were cultured on four media based on Driver and Kuniyuki (DKW) medium. Germination rate of embryos cultured on four media gradually increased from 75 to 90 DAFB and reached 100% at 90 DAFB. Notably, M3 medium (0.5 DKW supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 1.0 ㎎/L) displayed the highest germination rate at 75 and 80 DAFB stages. Growth and development of shoot and root were pronounced in plantlet cultured at 90 DAFB stage. While delayed shoot growth was evident in plantlets cultured at 75, 80, and 85 DAFB stages, this retardation could be overcome through the application of growth regulators, particularly in M3 and M4 (0.5 DKW supplemented with BAP 1.0 ㎎/L and indole-3-butyric acid 0.5 ㎎/L) media. Remarkably, roots of plantlet grown in M4 medium exhibited limited elongation. In conclusion, germination rate of embryo and growth of embryo cultured plantlet can be enhanced by collecting seeds from early-ripening 'Yumi' at the 90 DAFB stage and conducting embryo culture using the M3 medium.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2009

As operating frequency is raised and as more integration with active and passive elements is required, it becomes difficult to fabricate more than 120 ${\Omega}$ characteristic impedance of a mierostrip line. To solve this problem, an equivalent high impedance transmission-line section is suggested, which consists mainly of a pair of coupled-line sections with two shorts. However, it becomes a transmission-line section only when its electrical length is fixed and its coupling power is more than half. To have transmission-line characteristics(perfect matching), independently of coupling power and electrical length, two identical open stubs are added and conventional design equations of evenand odd-mode impedances are modified, based on the fact that the modified design equations have the linear combinations of conventional ones. The high impedance transmission-line section is a passive component and therefore should be perfectly matched, at least at a design center frequency. For this, two different solutions are derived for the added open stub and two types of high impedance transmission-line sections with 160 ${\Omega}$ characteristic impedance are simulated as the electrical lengths of the coupled-line sections are varied. The simulation results show that the determination of the available bandwidth location depends on which solution is chosen. As an application, branch-line hybrids with very weak coupling power are investigated, depending on where an isolated port is located, and two types of branch-line hybrids are derived for each case. To verify the derived branch-line hybrids, a microstrip branch-line hybrid with -15 dB coupling power, composed of two 90$^{\circ}$ and two 270$^{\circ}$ transmission-line sections, is fabricated on a substrate of ${\varepsilon}_r$= 3.4 and h=0.76 mm and measured. In this case, 276.7 ${\Omega}$ characteristic impedance is fabricated using the suggested high impedance transmission-line sections. The measured coupling power is -14.5 dB, isolation and matching is almost perfect at a design center frequency of 2 GHz, showing good agreement with the prediction.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2015

Hydrocyclone is widely used in industry, for its simple design, high capacity, low maintenance and low operational cost. The objective of this study is to develop hydrocyclone coagulation and filtration system. The system is made of hydrocyclone ballasted coagulation with polyaluminium chloride silicate (PACS) and upflow filter to treat micro particles in urban storm runoff. Roadside sediment particles (< $200{\mu}m$) was mixed with tap water to make various turbid suspensions to simulate urban storm runoff. The filter cartridge was filled with polyethylene media system and ran 1hr per everyday and total operation time were 8.19hrs and backwashing everyday after end of operation. The operation condition of flowrate was $8.2{\sim}11.9m^3/day$ (mean $10.1m^3/day$) and surface overflow rate (SOR) based on filter surface area was $45.5{\sim}65.9m^3/m^2/day$ (mean $55.7m^3/m^2/day$). The range of PACS dosage concentration was 14.0~31.5 mg/L. As the results of operation, the range of removal efficiency of turbidity, SS were 81.0~95.8% (mean 89.5%) 81.8~99.0% (mean 91.4%), respectively. An increase of filtration basin retention time brought on increased of removal efficiency of turbidity and SS, and increase of SOR brought on decreased of removal efficiency. During the first flush in urban area, storm runoff have an high concentration of SS (200~600 mg/L) and the filtration bed becomes clogged and decreased of removal efficiency. Backwashing begins when the drainage pipe valve at the filtration tank bottom is completely open (backwashing stage 1). Backwashing stage 2 was using air bubbles and water jet washing the media for 5 mins and open the drainage valve. After backwashing stage 1, 2, 61.83~64.04%, 18.53~27.51% of SS loading was discharged from filtration tank, respectively. Discharged SS loading from effluent was 7.12~14.79% and the range of residual SS loading in fliter was 2.26~5.00%. The backwashing effects for turbidity, SS were 89.5%, 91.4%, respectively. The hydrocyclone coagulation and filtration with backwashing system, which came out to solve the problems of the costly exchange filter media, and low efficiency of removing micro particles of filter type nonpoint treatment devices, is considered as an alternative system.