• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.310-320
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• 2014

Backgrounds: Endotoxin, which found in the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria cell wall, makes up almost all of the lipopolysaccharide(LPS). When people are exposed to endotoxin,it can result in diverse health effects such as an airway irritation and inflammation, fever, malaise, bronchitis, allergic asthma, toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity lung disease. Cases among the elderly, children or pregnant can occur more frequently than a healthy adult if they are repeatedly exposed to the existing endotoxin. Therefore, we investigated and assessed the environmental characteristics associated with the airborne endotoxin concentration level in six hospital lobbies. Method: Endotoxin from indoor air in six hospital lobbies was measured by an area sampling method and analyzed according to American Society for Testing and Materials International(ASTM international) E2144-01. Total suspended particulate(TSP), carbon dioxide($CO_2$), temperature and humidity were also measured by using direct reading measurements or airborne sampling equipment at the same time. Environmental characteristics were appropriately divided into two or three groups for a statistics analysis. One-way analysis variable(one-way ANOVA) was used to examine a difference of the endotoxin concentration, depending on the environmental characteristics. In addition, only variables with p-value(p<0.25) were eventually designed to the best model by using multiple regression analysis. Results: The correlation analysis result indicated that TSP(p=0.003) and $CO_2$(p<0.0001) levels were significantly associated with endotoxin concentration levels. In contrast, temperature(p<0.068) and humidity(p<0.365) were not associated with endotoxin concentration. Levels of endotoxin concentration were statistically different among the environmental characteristics of Service time(p=0.01), Establishment of hospital(p<0.001), Scale of hospital(p=0.01), Day average people using hospital(p=0.03), Cleaning time of lobby(p=0.05), Season(p<0.001), and Cleaning of ventilation system(p<0.001) according to ANOVA. Finally, the best model(Adjusted R-square=72%) that we designed through a multiple regression test included environmental characteristics related to Service time, Area of lobby, Season, Cleaning of ventilation system, and Temperature. Conclusions: According to this study, our result showed a normal level of endotoxin concentration in the hospital lobbies and found environmental management methods to reduce the level of endotoxin concentration to a minimum. Consequently, this study recognized to be requirement for the management of ventilation systems and an indoor temperature in order to reduce the level of endotoxin concentration in the hospital lobbies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

Background: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy has been performed with increasing frequency over the last decade. However, there is still controversy as to its indications, safety, and feasibility. Especially regarding lung cancer surgery, it is not certain whether it can reduce local recurrences and improve overall survival. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,067 cases of VATS lobectomy performed between 2003 and 2009, including the indications, postoperative morbidity, mortality, recurrence, and survival rate. Results: One thousand and sixty seven patients underwent VATS lobectomy for the following indications: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (n=832), carcinoid tumors (n=12), metastatic lung cancer (n=48), and benign or other diseases (n=175). There were 63 cases (5.9%) of conversion to open thoracotomy during VATS lobectomy. One hundred thirty one (15.7%) of the 832 NSCLC patients experienced pathologic upstaging postoperatively. The hospital mortality rate was 0.84% (9 patients), and all of them died of acute respiratory distress syndrome. One hundred forty-nine patients (14.0%) experienced postoperative complications. The median follow-up was 22.9 months for patients with NSCLC. During follow-up, 120 patients had a recurrence and 55 patients died. For patients with pathologic stage I, the overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate at 3 years was $92.2{\pm}1.5%$ and $86.2{\pm}1.9%$, respectively. For patients with pathologic stage II disease, the overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate at 3 years was $79.2{\pm}6.5%$ and $61.9{\pm}6.6%$, respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggest that VATS lobectomy is a technically feasible and safe operation, which can be applied to various lung diseases. In patients with early-stage lung cancer, excellent survival can be also achieved.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.452-458
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• 1996

호열균 B. stearothermophilus의 세포내 PPIase를 정제하여 Edman 법으로 N-말단 아미노산 배열을 결정하여 이를 바탕으로 합성한 올리고누클레오티드의 프리머를 이용하여, 서턴 분석하여 PPIase 유전자 약 3.0kb를 클로닝하였다.(pPI-40) PPI-40으로부터 PPIase N-말단 배열을 코드 하는 영역으로부터 합성한 프리머(A-1, B-2)를 이용하여, PCR법으로 PPIase N-말단을 코드 하는 유전자를 증폭하여, 염기배열을 경정한 후, 그 정보에 따라 유전 해석한 결과 PCR로 증폭된 단편(pSN-18)은 165염기로부터 형성된 55 아미노산잔기를 코드 하는 open reading frame (ORF)이 계속되고 있었고, Edman법으로 결정한 PPIase N-말단 아미노산 39 아미노산잔기가 완전히 일치하였다. 그리고, 이 ORF를 중심으로, 지금까지 클론화된 대장균의 PPIasea (cytoplasm)와 PPIase b(periplasm)의 아미노산 일차구조 해석으로부터 각각 58%(cytoplasm), 16%(periplasm)의 상동성을 나타냈다. PPIase 구조 유전자를 갖는 재조합플라스미드 pPI-40을 JM109로 형질전환하여 Lac 프로모터로 PPIase 단백질을 발현시켰다. 효소 분자량을 SDSPAGE로 확인한 결과 약 18kDa으로 호열균 B. stearothermophilus로부터 정제한 단백질 분자량과 동일하다. 면역억제(CsA, FK506)와의 화학적인 반응은 대장균의 PPIase와 동일하게, 면역억제와는 비감수성으로 나타났다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2002

Crib wall system은 일반적으로 segmental crib type의 옹벽형식으로 stretcher라는 전 후면 가로보와 세로 방향으로 header라는 버팀보를 연속적으로 쌓아 올리는 공법이다. 이때, stretcher와 header로 구성된 골격 내부에는 흙으로 속채움을 하여 다져, 본 구조체가 일체거동이 가능한 강성체(rigid body)를 형성시킴으로써 배면의 토압에 대하여 저항하는 구조물이다. 따라서, 안정성 해석은 일반적으로 기존의 철근콘크리트 옹벽과 같이 전체 옹벽이 하나의 강성체로 작용한다고 가정하여 토압이론에 의하여 평가하고 있다. 그러나, 변형문제에 있어서 본 구조물은 단순히 하나의 구조체로 가정하여 해석하기가 곤란하다. 왜냐하면, stretcher와 header는 일반 보강토옹벽의 전면 벽체 부재와는 달리 뒷채움재 내에 어떠한 인장 보강재도 삽입되지 않기 때문에 독립된 변위거동을 나타낸다. 또한, 각각의 독립부재로 구성된 재료와 내부채움재의 힘과 변형은 3차원적으로 거동하며 수평토압에 의하여 복합적인 상호거동을 일으키기 때문이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 Crib wall system의 변위경향을 보다 엄밀하게 해석하기 위하여 Brandl(1985)의 full scale 시험 결과를 바탕으로 수치해석 모델을 제시하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Yanghyuljanggeungunbo-tang(Yangxuezhuangjinjianbu-tang, YGKT) and electrical acupuncture treatment in spinal cord injury(SCI)-induced rats. Methods : The subjects were divided into 5 groups ; Normal, Control-no treatment after SCI, Experimental I(Exp. I)-taken with YGKT 500 mg/kg $0.5m{\ell}$ daily after SCI. Experimental II(Exp. II)-taken with electrical acupuncture after SCI and Experimental III(Exp. III)-taken with YGKT 500 mg/kg $0.5m{\ell}$ and electrical acupuncture after SCI. After each operation, the present author observed cytological changes, the motor behavior recovery and nerve regeneration by analysis of the motor behavior tests, EMG, hematological(AST, ALT, WBC), histological and immunological changes. Rats were tested by Motor behavior test at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day. Results : 1. All the experimental groups were improved compared with control group in the motor behavior tests including Tarlov test, Basso-Beattle-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale, modified inclined plane test, open field test, grid walk test and narrow beam test. Especially Exp. III was significantly improved among other groups. 2. In EMG test, H and M wave were significantly increased in Exp. III. 3. All the experimental groups were significantly decreased compared with control group in AST, ALT and WBC. 4. NGF, BDNF and Trk B of spinal cord gray matter in all the experimental groups were increased compared with control group. Especially, Exp. III was more effective. 5. In histological observations, muscle contraction and denaturation of gastrocnemius muscle of all the experimental groups were inhibited. Especially, those of Exp. III was more effective. On the observations of liver and kidney, cell atrophy and apoptosis of all the experimental groups were decreased compared with control group. Especially, those of Exp. III was more effective. Conclusions : It can be suggested that YGKT and electrical acupuncture may improve motor behavior, EMG, hematological, histological and immunological findings in SCI-induced rats. Especially, combination of these two treatments will be somewhat better in spinal nerve recovery and motor function improvement.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.162-166
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• 2006

목 적: 소아의 경부 림프절 종대에서 세침 흡인 세포검사의 진단적 가치에 대한 자료를 분석한 보고는 국내에서 알려져 있지 않아, 이에 대한 분석을 보고하는 바이다. 방 법: 2001년에서 2005년까지 계명대학교 동산의료원 소아과에 내원하여 경부 림프절 종대가 있어 세침 흡인 세포검사를 시행하였던 환자 57례를 의무 기록을 통해 후향적으로 분석하였다. 세침 흡인 세포검사의 결과와 임상적 최종 진단 결과를 비교 관찰하였다. 결 과: 대상 환자 57례 중 비특이성 경부 림프절염이 52.5%로 가장 많았다. 악성질환은 모두 8례로 전체의 14.0%를 차지하였다. 세침 흡인 세포검사의 악성질환에 대한 진단적 효용성을 보았을 때 민감도 86%, 특이도 96%, 양성 예측률 75%, 음성예측률 98%였다. 위양성인 예는 랑게르한스 조직구증식증 1례와 전염성 단핵구증 1례이었고, 위음성이었던 예는 급성 림프구성백혈병 1례이었다. 세침 흡인 세포검사 후 개방 생검을 한 경우가 7례가 있었다. 검체가 충분하지 못했던 경우가 4례로 7.0%를 차지하였다. 결 론: 소아의 경부 종대는 양성인 반응성 림프절염에 의한 경우가 대부분이나 악성질환에 의한 것일 수도 있으므로 1차적으로 간편하게 시행할 수 있는 세침 흡인 세포검사를 적극적으로 이용하여야 하고 필요시 개방 생검도 실시하여야 하겠다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

참나물 (Pimpinella brachycarpa)의 엽병 (petiole)절편체로부터 캘러스가 MS배지 (0.5mg/L 2,4-D와 0.1mg/L BAP)에서 유도되었으며 이들 캘러스로부터 치밀하게 배열된 세포집단(cell cluster)을 선발하여 현탁배양하였다. 이들 현탁배양세포들은 0.1 mg/L NAA가 포함된 MS고체배지에 배양되어 배발생 (embryogenic) 캘러스로 성장하였다. 배발생캘러스는 연한 노란색을 띠며 체세포배로 분화되었으며 이들 체세포배는 MS액체배지에서 발아되어 식물체로 성장하였다. 참나물 현탁배양세포 유래 배발생캘러스로부터 분리한 mRNA로부터 cDNA library를 합성하여 PCR을 수행한 결과 제조된 library의 삽입절편의 크기가 대부분 500bp이상임을 확인하였다. 이들 cDNA library로부터 전체 1.5 $\times$$10^{6}$개의 plaque를 혼성화하여 일차의 screening을 통해 19개의 cDNA clone을, 이차의 screening을 통해 5개의 cDNA clone을 얻었으며 이중 4개의 cDNA clone은 참나물 shoot의 HD-Zip 유전자인 Phz4 유전자와 동일한 약 1.4 kb 정도인 것으로 나타났으나, 1개의 cDNA clone, Phc5는 약 1.5kb정도의 크기를 나타내었다. 1.5kb인 Phc5는 Phz4유전자의 5'쪽으로 163bp의 염기가 추가로 발견되어 총 1,531 bp에 해당하였으며 18개의 polyA tail을 가지고 있었다. Phc5는 284번째에 ATG개시코돈이 있고 302개의 아미노산을 암호화하는 906개의 단백질 암호화 부위와 Homeodomain을 갖고 있었다. Phc5로부터 추정된 단백질은 기존 전사조절자에서 많이 보고된 HD의 구조적 특징을 갖고 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2005

To understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate intramuscular fat deposition and its release, cDNA clones expressed in adipose tissues of Korean cattle were identified by differential screening from adipose tissue cDNA library. By partial nucleotide sequencing of 486 clones and a search for sequence similarity in NCBI nucleotide databases, 245 clones revealed unique clones. By a functional grouping of the clones, 14% of the clones were categorized to metabolism and enzyme-related group (stearoyl CoA desaturase, lactate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, ATP citrate lyase, lipoprotein lipase, acetyl CoA synthetase, etc), and 6% to signal transduction/cell cycle-related group (C/EBP, cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, calmodulin, cyclin G1, cyclin H, etc), and 4% to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components (vimentin, ankyrin 2, gelosin, syntenin, talin, prefoldin 5). The obtained 245 clones will be useful to study lipid metabolism and signal transduction pathway in adipose tissues and to study obesity in human. Some clones were subjected to full-sequencing containing open reading frame. The cDNA clone of bovine homolog of human prefoldin 5 gene had a total length of 959 nucleotides coding for 139 amino acids. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine prefoldin 5 with those of human and mouse showed over 95% identity. The cDNA clone of bovine homolog of human ubiquitin-like/S30 ribosomal fusion protein gene had a total length of 484 nucleotides coding for 133 amino acids. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine ubiquitin-like/S30 ribosomal fusion protein gene with those of human, rat and mouse showed over 97% identity. The cDNA clone of bovine homolog of human proteolipid protein 2 mRNA had a total length of 928 nucleotides coding for 152 amino acids. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine proteolipid protein 2 with those of human and mouse showed 87.5% similarity. The cDNA clone of bovine homolog of rat thymosin beta 4 had a total length of 602 nucleotides coding for 44 amino acids. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine thymosin beta 4 gene with those of human, mouse and rat showed 93.1% similarity. The cDNA clone of bovine homolog of human myotrophin mRNA had a total length of 790 nucleotides coding for 118 amino acids. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine myotrophin gene with those of human, mouse and rat showed 83.9% similarity. The functional role of these clones in adipose tissues needs to be established.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2018

Soybean transgenic plants with ectopically expressed AtABF3 were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and investigated the effects of AtABF3 expression on drought and salt tolerance. Stable Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation was carried based on the half-seed method (Paz et al. 2006). The integration of the transgene was confirmed from the genomic DNA of transformed soybean plants using PCR and the copy number of transgene was determined by Southern blotting using leaf samples from $T_2$ seedlings. In addition to genomic integration, the expression of the transgenes was analyzed by RT-PCR and most of the transgenic lines expressed the transgenes introduced. The chosen two transgenic lines (line #2 and #9) for further experiment showed the substantial drought stress tolerance by surviving even at the end of the 20-day of drought treatment. And the positive relationship between the levels of AtABF3 gene expression and drought-tolerance was confirmed by qRT-PCR and drought tolerance test. The stronger drought tolerance of transgenic lines seemed to be resulted from physiological changes. Transgenic lines #2 and #9 showed ion leakage at a significantly lower level (P < 0.01) than ${\underline{n}}on-{\underline{t}}ransgenic$ (NT) control. In addition, the chlorophyll contents of the leaves of transgenic lines were significantly higher (P < 0.01). The results indicated that their enhanced drought tolerance was due to the prevention of cell membrane damage and maintenance of chlorophyll content. Water loss by transpiration also slowly proceeded in transgenic plants. In microscopic observation, higher stomata closure was confirmed in transgenic lines. Especially, line #9 had 56% of completely closed stomata whereas only 16% were completely open. In subsequent salt tolerance test, the apparently enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic lines was measured in ion leakage rate and chlorophyll contents. Finally, the agronomic characteristics of ectopically expressed AtABF3 transgenic plants ($T_2$) compared to NT plants under regular watering (every 4 days) or low rate of watering condition (every 10 days) was investigated. When watered regularly, the plant height of drought-tolerant line (#9) was shorter than NT plants. However, under the drought condition, total seed weight of line #9 was significantly higher than in NT plants (P < 0.01). Moreover, the pods of NT plants showed severe withering, and most of the pods failed to set normal seeds. All the evidences in the study clearly suggested that overexpression of the AtABF3 gene conferred drought and salt tolerance in major crop soybean, especially under the growth condition of low watering.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2008

HIV에 감염된 환자의 경우 다양한 종류의 암이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 암종의 높은 발생률의 원인으로, 감염에 의한 면역세포의 감소 및 결핍과 같은 간접적인 이유 뿐 아니라, HIV 바이러스 단백질의 발현이 직접적으로 병의 발생에 관여한다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구에서는 HIV 환자에서 높게 나타나는 암의 발생에 대한 기전을 이해하기 위하여 HIV-1 Tat 유전자와, 다수의 암 발생과 관련이 있는 세포막단백 CD99와의 관계를 규명하였다. 먼저 CD99의 발현에 미치는 Tat의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 HIV-1 Tat 발현 안정화 세포주를 확립하고 Tat 단백에 의한 CD99 유전자의 발현 양상 변화를 분석하였다. 실험결과 Tat의 발현에 의하여 CD99 유전자의 발현이 활성화되는 것이 관찰되었으며 이와 반대로 STAT3의 발현은 낮아졌다. CD99 프로모터는 CpG 함량이 높기 때문에 Tat 단백이 DNA 메칠화를 통해서 CD99 유전자의 발현을 조절하는지 확인하기 위하여 methylation specific PCR을 수행하였고 Tat의 발현이 높은 곳에서 특이적으로 CD99 프로모터 부위가 탈메칠화되는 것을 발견하였다. Tat 발현 세포에서만 특이적인 발현 차이를 보이는 유전자 분석을 위한 Differentially Expressed Gene keratin 17과 collagen, type IV 증가됨이 확인되었다. 위의 결과는 HIV Tat 단백이 직접 세포 단백들을 조절하여 암을 발생시킬 수 있다는 보고를 뒷받침한다.