• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.698-719
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• 2023

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is caused by a systemic inflammation after porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. It was one of the most economically important pathogens affecting pig production worldwide before PCV2 vaccine was first introduced in 2006. After the development of a vaccine against PCV2a type, pig farms gradually restored enormous economic losses from PMWS. However, vaccine against PCV2a type could not be fully effective against several different PCV2 genotypes (PCV2b - PCV2h). In addition, PCV2a vaccine itself could generate antigenic drift of PCV2 capsid. Therefore, PCV2 infection still threats pig industry worldwide. PCV2 infection was initially found in local tissues including reproductive, respiratory, and digestive tracks. However, PCV2 infection often leads to a systemic inflammation which can cause severe immunosuppression by depleting peripheral lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues. Subsequently, a secondary infection with other microorganisms can cause PMWS. Eleven putative open reading frames (ORFs) have been predicted to encode PCV2 genome. Among them, gene products of six ORFs from ORF1 to ORF6 have been identified and characterized to estimate its functional role during PCV2 infection. Acquiring knowledge about the specific interaction between each PCV2 ORF protein and host protein might be a key to develop preventive or therapeutic tools to control PCV2 infection. In this article, we reviewed current understanding of how each ORF of PCV2 manipulates host cell signaling related to immune suppression caused by PCV2.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.6-7
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• 2009

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2022

Background: Occupational hazards in crop farms vary diversely based on different field operations as soil management, harvesting processes, pesticide, or fertilizer application. We aimed at evaluating the immunological status of crop farmers, as limited systematic investigations on immune alteration involved with crop farming have been reported yet. Methods: Immunological parameters including plasma immunoglobulin level, major peripheral immune cells distribution, and level of cytokine production from activated T cell were conducted. Nineteen grape orchard, 48 onion open-field, and 21 rose greenhouse farmers were participated. Results: Significantly low proportion of natural killer (NK) cell, a core cell for innate immunity, was revealed in the grape farmers (19.8±3.3%) in comparison to the onion farmers (26.4±3.1%) and the rose farmers (26.9±2.5%), whereas cytotoxic T lymphocyte proportion was lower in the grape and the onion farmers than the rose farmers. The proportion of NKT cell, an immune cell implicated with allergic response, was significantly higher in the grape (2.3±0.3%) and the onion (1.6±0.8%) farmers compared with the rose farmers (1.0±0.4%). A significantly decreased interferon-gamma:interleukin-13 ratio was observed from ex vivo stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of grape farmers compared with the other two groups. The grape farmers revealed the lowest levels of plasma IgG1 and IgG4, and their plasma IgE level was not significantly different from that of the onion or the rose farmers. Conclusion: Our finding suggests the high vulnerability of workplace-mediated allergic immunity in grape orchard farmers followed by open-field onion farmers and then the rose greenhouse farmers.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2016

The aim of the study was to evaluate ultrasonographic findings, affected age, hematology, blood chemistry and clinical signs according to open or closed cervix in 102 bitches presented for treatment of pyometra. The prevalence of pyometra according to breed was observed in Maltese 22.5%, Yorkshire Terrier 13.7% and Shih Tzu 12.7%. The mean age of dogs was $9.6{\pm}0.3years$, and open cervix pyometra was more prevalent than closed cervix pyometra. Clinical signs included anorexia, vaginal discharge, depression, polyuria/polydipsia, vomiting, and abdominal distension. The concentration of BUN and the activity of ALP in dogs with closed cervix pyometra were significantly higher than those in dogs with open cervix pyometra (p < 0.05). The white blood cell and neutrophils in dogs with closed cervix pyometra were significant higher than those in dogs with open cervix pyometra (p < 0.05). Ultrasonographic findings of the uterus with open or closed cervix pyometra showed variable patterns. The uterine wall was variable in appearance, from thick and irregular to smooth and thin. The uterine wall was thicker in open cervix pyometra than in closed cervix pyometra. The luminal cavity included smaller amount of anechoic fluid in open cervix pyometra than in closed cervix pyometra.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.980-991
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examnin the effect of slow stroke back massage(SSBM) on anxiety and immune response in patients undergoing open heart surgery and to compare the effect of 5-minutes with 10-minutes SSBM. Among the sixty-four patient subjects, twenty-one were one experimental group receiving massage for 10-minutes, twenty for the other experimental group receiving massage for 5-minutes and twenty-three for the control group. Subjects were admitted at Hospitals in Inchon and Puchon for open heart surgery. This study was carried out from October 10, 1997 to May 10, 1998. The levels of anxiety were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Trait anxiety scale, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol and the levels of immune response were measured by the blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell. Study measurements were taken before and after SSBM on the 1st post operative day. Data were analyzed using x$^2$ test, oneway ANOVA, paired t-test, t-test and Pearson product moment correlation. The results were summarized as follows : 1. After SSBM, VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate of the experimental group were decreased significantly than those measurements before the SSBM. After SSBM, significant difference in the VAS anxiety level, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate between the experimental and control groups were found. 2. After SSBM, the blood cortisol of the experimental and control groups were increased significantly compared with before SSBM. But the significant difference in blood cortisol between the two groups was not found. 3. After SSBM, the blood T-lymphocyte percentages of the experimental and control groups were decreased signigicantly and blood Natural killer cell percentages of the two groups were increased compared with before SSBM. But significant difference in blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between the two groups was not found. 4. Significant difference in VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol, blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between SSBM for 5 minutes and SSBM for 10 minutes were not found. Based upon the results, this study concludes that the slow stroke back massage for 5 minutes is a useful intervention that decreases anxiety and produces relaxation in patients undergoing open heart surgery.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1994

Vibrio meschnikovii 균주 RH530의 trpB. trpA 및 3‘ trpC(F) 유전자를 대장균에 클로닝하여 염기서열을 결정하였다. trpB 및 trpA 유전자는 각각 391 및 268 아미노산을 coding할 수 있는 1,173 bp 및 804 bp의 open reading frame을 가졌다. trpB 및 trpA 유전자는 일반적인 ribosome-binding sequence를 가졌으며 1개의 nucleotide만큼 중복되어 있었다. 이는 이들 두 유전자가 trinslation 단계에서 연결되어 있음을 의미한다. trpB 유전자의 개시토돈에서 115 nucleotide 위에 trpC(F)와 trpF의 융합체인 trpC(F)의 3’-말단부위의 불완전한 open reading frame의 존재 하였다. V. metschnikovil RH530의 TrpB, TrpA 및 TrpC(F)의 아미노산 서열은 V. parahaemolyticus의 그것들과 각각 64.2%, 82.4%, 73.7%: S. typhimurium과 58.7%, 72.3%, 54.9%: B. lactoermentum과 42.6%, 54.1%, 12.5%의 유사성을 보였다. 이는 TrpB가 TrpA보다 서열이 잘 보존되어 있음을 나타내며 TrpC(F)는 다를 두 polypeptide에 비해서 서열의 변이가 큼을 나타낸다. 이들 유전자들의 구조, 특히 trpC(F)와 trpB 사이의 noncoding 부위는 Enterobacteriaceae 비롯한 다를 개체들과는 다른 특징을 보였다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.221-233
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• 1999

Prospect Hill Virus (PHV) is the well known serotype of hantavirus, a newly established genus in family Bunyaviridae. Extensive studies have upheld the original view of PHV genetics with three genes such as nucleocapsid (N) protein, envelope proteins (G1, G2) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase. In this study, we report the existence of additional gene that is encoded in an overlapping reading frame of the N protein gene within S genome segment of PHV. This gene is expected to encode a nonstructural small (NSs) protein and it seems to be only found in PHV infected cell. The presence and synthesis of NSs protein could be demonstrated in the cell infected with PHV using anti-peptide sera specific to the predicted amino acid sequence deduced from the second open reading frame. Ribosomal synthesis of this protein appears to occur at AUG codon at the 83rd base of S genome segment, downstream of N protein initiation codon. This protein is small in size (10.4 KDa) and highly basic in nature. The expression strategy of NSs protein appears that a signal mRNA is used to translate both N and NSs protein in PHV infected cell. 10 KDa protein in virus infected cell lysates can bind to mimic dsRNA. This fact strongly suggests that NSs protein may be involved in virus replication on late phase of viral life cycle.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.364-368
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• 2004

Micro Cellular Plastics create a sensation at polymer industrial for lowering product cost & overcoming a lowering of mechanical intensity. This research based on the experiment of sound absorption & transmission characteristics inquire into acoustic property of Micro Cellular Plastics. This experiment clarify the change of cell foaming rate for foaming time and the change of sound absorption & transmission for foaming rate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 1997

A DNA fragment containing the gene for cell wall hydrolase of alkalophilic Bacillus subtilis BL-29 was cloned into E. coli JM109 using pUC18 as a vector. A recombinant plasmid, designated pCWL45B, was contained in the fragment originating from the alkalophilic B. subtilis BL-29 chromosomal DNA by Southern hybridization analysis. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.6-kb HindIII fragment containing a cell wall hydrolase-encoding gene was determined. The nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 900 bp with a concensus ribosome-binding site located 6 nucleotide upstream from the ATG start codon. The primary amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence revealed a putative protein of 299 amino acid residues with an M.W. of 33, 206. Based on comparison of the amino acid sequence of the ORF with amino acid sequences in the GenBank data, it showed significant homology to the sequence of cell wall amidase of the PBSX bacteriophage of B. subtilis.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1148-1151
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• 2005

Photovoltaic effects in organic solar cell were studied in a cell configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CuPc(20 nm)/$C_{60}$(40 nm)/BCP/Al(150 nm) at room temperature. Here, the BCP layer works as an exciton blocking layer. The exciton blocking layer must transport electrons from the acceptor layer to the metal cathode with minimal increase in the total cell series resistance and should absorb damage during cathode deposition. Therefore, a proper thickness of the exciton blocking layer is required for an optimized photovoltaic cell. Several thicknesses of BCP were made between $C_{60}$ and Al. And we obtained characteristic parameters such as short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and power conversion efficiency of the device under the illumination of AM 1.5.