• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

To set up the outstanding and scientific dyeing method in making the condensed liquid of pigment obtained from onion skins and the improved reliability, the following basic experiments were performed. The pigment was extracted in the distilled water at $70^{\circ}C$ and methanol at room temperature and then it was analyzed with LC/MS/MS system (Liquid Chomatography/Mass Spectroscopy/Mass Spectroscophy, LIQ Advantage Max, Thermo Finnigan, USA) for its pigmental characteristics. The unrefined silk and refined silk were dyed by making use of the derived pigment in such a way. The chromameter (CR-200, Minolta, Japan) was used to measure the change in surface color in textiles to be dyed by the extracting condition and the color difference ${\Delta}E$ was determined according to the color difference formula CIE LAB through measuring the psychometric lightness L* and chromaticity coordinates a* and b*.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the best dyeing conditions using onion's outer shell. and to apply to the method in practical daily life. To do this. we extracted quercetin from onion's outer shell and dyed several natural fabrics such as cotton, slack mercerized cotton, ramie. and silk. under the different conditions. Dyed fabrics were Investigated in the aspect of dyeability and colorfastness. The effective conditions for the light-fastness and washing-fastness also have been studied. The results of the experiment were varied with such conditions as temperature. time. pH degree. and treatment and types of mordants. The results are as follows ; 1. Fabrics dyed with onion's outer shell showed excellent dyeability even though there were no mordants, and the silk fabric dyed better than both cotton and ramie fabric. Furthermore, in the cases of repeated dyeing and treatment of mordants using AIK(SO$_4$)$_2$.12$H_2O$ and CuSO$_4$,.5$H_2O$ dyeability of specimen had been improved 2. Cellulose fabrics such as cotton, mercerized cotton and ramie showed the best dyeability under relatively low temperature in the range of 20~4$0^{\circ}C$. On the contrary to cellulose fabric, silk fabric showed the best dyeability under higher dyeing temperature. All fabrics had the higest K/S value at pH 3 regardless of the kind of fiber 3. Dyeing colors varied with the kind of mordants. Colors were turned into yellow in AIK(SO$_4$)$_2$.12$H_2O$ into Yellow-red in CuSO$_4$,.5$H_2O$ , and into green-Yellow in FeSO$_4$.7$H_2O$. As mordants, AIK(SO$_4$)$_2$.12$H_2O$, CuSO$_4$,. 5$H_2O$. FeSO$_4$.7$H_2O$. gallic acid and tartaric acid were used and especially AIK(SO$_4$)$_2$.12$H_2O$ showed the best dyeability and colorfastness in repeated dyeing. Mordants such as AIK(SO$_4$)$_2$.12$H_2O$ made fabrics have better chroma and washing-fastness though the light-fastness was poorer than non mordanting. 4. Repeated dyeing brought us deep color. When fresh dyebath was used each time, the dyeability was increased as the experiment was repeated more. When dyed with used dyebath several times, improved dyeability could not be expected. The optimal using times of the used dyebath was twice.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 1998

Having silk dyed with some pigment extracted from the skin of an onion, examined the change of color by time and frequency of dyeing and a mordanted cloth, and the antibiosis of a dyed cloth and a mordanted cloth. The result of this were as follows ; 1. The pigment of an onion was easily extracted in the hot water of $40^{\circ}C$ and much more extracted as the temperature of water rises($70^{\circ}C$). 2. As a result of dyeing it by the change of time, 30minutes, 60minutes, 90minutes and the frequency of dyeing, once, twice, three times after filtering the extracted solution, the one dyed three times for 30minutes was the best. 3. The difference of color of a mordanted cloth was the highest in the mordant of $SnCl_2\;2H_2O$ on the basis of the value of L of the non-mordant dyed three times. 4. The mordant of copper sulfate was proved to have the highest antibiosis in the antibiosis of a dyed cloth and a mordanted cloth, and it was proved that the pigment of the skin of an onion had excellent antibiosis.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.27-32
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• 1998

도시 Traditionally, dyes extracted from onion shells have been used as natural pigments but dyeing methods with reproducibility have not been developed. In this study, the dyes were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) to obtain the ratio of pigments in water and ethyl acetate extract. Furthermore, the present study was also carried out to obtain the information characteristic of wavelength which proportionally decrease for continuous dyeing reaction. Scanning of water extract showed 4 peaks by the mobile phase of benzene/ethyl acetate/acetic acid(40/10/5) and the peak 1 exhibited yellow color with the maximal absorption spectra of 306nm and 309nm while ethyl acetate extract showed 9 peaks in the same mobile phase. The water extract after ethyl acetate extraction was adjusted to 0.5 of O.D.(optical density) at 550nm by adding of water and compared wavelength of the pigments from 200 to 600nm to find the proportional decrease of wavelength. As the result, it showed that wavelength of 306nm could be the standard of dyeing monitoring points.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2018

In this study, eco-friendly natural dyeing for pig leather was explored by using onion skin which is food waste. Sodium caseinate was used as a pre-treatment agent to improve dyeability of pig leather and its effect on dye uptake was investigated according to treatment concentration. Dye uptake of the pre-treated pig leather was increased by about two times compared to untreated one at 0.2% pre-treatment concentration. Onion skin colorant imparted YR color on pig leather. After mordanting, the color of pretreated/dyed pig leather was varied from brick-red to khaki shades. However, mordanting did not improved dye uptake of the pre-treated/dyed pig leather significantly. The color-fastnesses of un-mordanted samples to light, dry cleaning, rubbing were grades 3-4, 5, and 4, respectively, which is good enough to meet all Korean Standard for Fastness of leather products. After mordanting, the light fastness of pig leather was improved to 4, 4-5 grade. The efficacy of sodium caseinate as a pre-treatment agent for pig leather was verified by improved dye uptake and good colorfastness. And, the natural dyeing of pig leather using food waste would be a significant sustainable way in terms of eco-friendliness and reuse of biomass to reduce environmental pollution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2002

In order to development of culture goods I made works with various color's silk fabrics dyed with water extract or methanol extract of plants. The Plants used for dyeing as dyeing material were indigo, safflower, amur cock tree, onion's Peel, citrus peel, mugwort, gromwell, sappan wood. Each of Plants were extracted by each of temperature and time. The mordants used for various color chanties are aluminium sulfate, cupric acetate mono hydrate, ferrous chloride. With fabrics of various color dyed like this I made works which give expression to an easy and natural image of the Korean nation of fabrics.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.211-217
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• 1997

Natural dyes don't pollute the environments in contrast to artifical dyes. The cloths dyed with natural material can be developed into insect-proof clothing and bedding. With natural tint, they can also produce natural images. The purpose of this paper is to show the way to develop the natural dye material easily available at cheap cost, to produce high value added products in terms of dyeing a wide range of colors by using this material, and to suggest the way for farmers to cultivate the onions in their idle land, thus gaining additidnal income. In the process of dyeing natural cloth with onion skin produced largely in Mooan, Chonnam, we were able to extract a wide spectrum of colours from yellow to pale brown and gray. Having reaped good results in the various endurance tests(of washing, friction, water, sweat, sunlight), this material is estimated to be highly worthy of industrialization.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

The optical behavior of coloring matter extracted from onion's coats, the depression effects of destruction, yellowing and W transmittance of silk treated with color solution of onion's coats color difference of silk fabrics dyed with acid dyes and drycleaning fastness of silk treated with color solution has been investigated. The results are as follows : 1) The coloring matter extracted from onion's coats by alkali-acid method appeared properties of aglycon type. 2) &{\lambda}_{max}&of color solution extracted by distilled water was found at 280 and 327nm. 3) The decrease of tensile strength and the elongation of the silk treated with color solution were depressed but those of untreated silk were increased by irradiation of UV light. 4) The yellowness index of silk treated with color solution showed a little change by irradiation. 5) The UV transmittance of silk treated with color solution was decreased as increasing concentration of color solution. 6) The color difference after dyeing with several acid dyes on treated and untreated silk fabrics showed remarkable changes. 7) Drycleaning fastness of silk treated by color solution was excellent.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2003

This study aims at developing of textile design expressed not only Korean natural image but also modern sensibility using fabrics dyed by tie dyeing with various natural dyes. And it attempts to practicality of high value-added goods revived traditional beauty. With the aqueous extract of various natural dyes, i.e., indigo, amur cock tree, onion's peel, citrus peel, mugwort, gromwell, sappan wood silk fabrics dyed by tie dyeing. Also various color changes were examined by mordants, i.e., aluminium sulfate, cupric acetate mono hydrate, ferrous chloride. With these fabrics, I made works using the techniques of applique, mola, fabric's connection and weaving. I think the developed textile design gave expression to natural image of Korean nation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to find in what color Korean handmade paper(Hanji) is dyed when it is dyed with a pigment extracted from waste onion peelings using different kinds of mordant, and how the paper is discolored and variety of strength under the condition of accelerated aging test. The results of this experiment are as follows. 1. Korean handmade paper was dyed in different colors according to the kinds of mordant. Mainly it was dyed in orange-brown, and sometimes in gold or khaki. 2. Korean handmade paper dyed was not discolored much, which suggests that the pigment is strong under the condition of aging. 3. As for durability, Korean handmade paper dyed in gold was strongest. Korean handmade paper, to which aluminum sulfate, iron sulfate or sodium dichromate was applied as mordant, had poor durability. Thus, these were not suitable as mordant.