• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2013

The inhibitory effect of citrus peel extract, onion peel extract, calcium lactate and phosvitin on microbial growth was investigated in seasoned chicken breast meat during aerobic storage at $4^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Citrus peel and onion peel extract significantly improved (p<0.05) the microbial quality of the sample by reducing the initial counts of the microbial flora compared to control and other two treatments. Data clearly revealed that the counts of the total aerobic bacteria significantly increased with the increase in storage temperature. The shelf life of all samples stored under $20^{\circ}C$ was less than 6 days, while the shelf life of citrus and onion treatment can be extended more than 9 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and more than 6 days at $10^{\circ}C$ in aerobic storage condition. These results indicated that citrus and onion peel extracts are efficient treatment methods to prevent microbial spoilage of seasoned chicken products during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. However, there was an adverse effect of addition of citrus and onion peel extract on several sensory attributes which need to be improved by reformulation of seasoning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.513-524
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dry powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 157$\pm$6g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and raised for four weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dry powders of two different vegetables consumed frequently by Korean-radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and onion(Allium cepa L.), ethanol extracts and juices from equal amount of each dry powder. All the powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion decreased total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations in plasma and liver. Above all, onion ethanol extract decreased them most remarkably. It was thought that organosulfur compounds and flavonoids extracted from onion by ethanol inhibited biosynthesis and absorption of lipid and promoted degradation of lipid. Radish powder also decreased them by increasing fecal excretions of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol most effectively. Catalase and glutathine peroxidase(GSH-px) activities in red blood cell(RBC) were most remarkably increased by radish powder and onion powder respectively. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and GSH-px activities in liver were most remarkably increased by onion ethanol extract, radish powder and onion ethanol extract respectively. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities in liver were most effectively decreased by ethanol extracts of radish and onion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and liver of experimental groups were significantly lower than those of controls. Above all, onion powder decreased them most effectively. It was thought that vitamin E and high flavonoids in onion powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC SOD, catalase and GSH-px activities and inhibiting XOD activities effectively. Flavonoids in onion ethanol extract inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting three antioxident enzyme activities and inhibiting XOD activities most remarkably. Also flavonoids and high vitamin C in radish powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC catalase most remarkably and inhibiting XOD activities. In conclusion, radish and onion were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting of lipid peroxidation in animal tissue. From these data, radish and onion can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer and in delaying aging. As ethanol from onion were most effective in lowering lipid level and promoting three antioxident enzymes, and inhibited lipid peroxidation as did we should try to utilize onion skin which is discarded though reported to have abundant flavonoids. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 513~524, 2001)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2000

Onion was extracted by methyl alcohol and some physiological activities and antioxidative effect of the extracts on soybean oil, corn oil, lard and shortening were compared with commercial antioxidants such as $\alpha$-tocopherol and BHT. The electron donating ability was about 70% at concentration above of 30mg/mL. Nitrite scavenging effects of all concentrations diminished at higher pH, while in the case of pH 1.2, it showed a nitrite scavenging effect of more than 80% af concentration above of 30mg/mL. And also, the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory effect was good above 80%. The soybean oil, corn oil, lard and shortening containing different levels of the onion extract were stored at 6$0^{\circ}C$ to evaluate the antioxidative activity of onion extracts. Peroxide value, acid value and TBA value of each oil were detected. Onion extract was very effective to retard oxidation of soybean oil, corn oil and lard, and especially, the very high antioxidative effect was observed for lard.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2008

양파김치를 이용한 가공식품의 개발을 위해 streptozotocin(STZ)으로 유도한 당뇨병 흰쥐를 이용하여 양파김치 추출물 투여에 대한 혈당강하 및 지질성분의 함량 변화를 조사하였다. 체중변화는 정상군은 4주 사육기간 동안 지속적으로 증가하였으나, STZ 유도 당뇨대조군은 유의하게 감소되었다. 양파김치 추출물과 quercetin 투여군에서도 유의한 체중감소가 있었으나 투여군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 혈당 농도는 정상군에 비해 STZ로 유도한 당뇨흰쥐에서 유의하게 증가되었으며, 투여 2주에서부터 대조군에 비해 양파김치 추출물 투여군과 quercetin 투여군에서 유의하게 감소되었다. 그러나 식이농도 증가 및 투여군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 소변량은 정상군에 비해 STZ로 유도한 당뇨흰쥐에서 유의하게 증가되었으나 양파김치 추출물 및 quercetin 투여군의 식이농도 증가에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 신장무게는 정상쥐에 비해 당뇨쥐에서 증대되었으며, 양파김치 추출물 및 quercetin 투여군에서 유의하게 낮은 수준을 나타내어 정상군과 차이가 없었다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지질은 정상쥐에 비해 STZ 유도 당뇨대조군에서 증가되었으나 양파김치 추출물 및 quercetin 투여군에서 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 양파김치 추출물 섭취가 당뇨쥐에서 증가된 혈당 및 혈청 콜레스테롤 수준을 감소시킬 수 있음을 의미하는 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.623-632
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate effect of dried powder or ethanol extracts of onion flesh and peel intakes on lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in l6-month -old rats. Total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats of l6-month-old and weighing 816$\pm$6g were blocked into 5 groups according to body weight and raised for three months with control and experimental diets containing 5% (w/w) of dried powders of onion flesh or peel or ethanol extracts from equal amount of each dried powder. Contents of total flavonoids and total dietary fibers in peel powder were highest among onion preparations. Body weight gain and epididymal pad fat weight were lower in peel powder group than other groups. Plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of onion-containing groups were lower than control group. Above all, peel ethanol extract intake decreased them most remarkably. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in onion-containing groups were higher than control group, especially that of flesh powder group was the highest among groups. Liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different among all experimental groups. However, liver total lipid and triglyceride concentrations were tended to be lower in onion-containing groups than control group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations in LDL + VLDL fraction was not significantly affected by onion intakes, However peel powder group showed the lowest concentration, Plasma TX $B_2$ concentrations in onion flesh powder, peel powder and peel ethanol extract groups were lower than control group, while plasma 6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ concentrations in these same groups were higher than control group. Clotting time was tended to be increased in peel ethanol extract group. In conclusion onion diets seemed to improve lipid metabolism and antithrombogenic capacity while effect on antioxidative was not significant.t.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2001

양파김치 제조에 사용된 양파, 로즈마리, 타임엑기스의 기능성은 다음과 같다. 대두유를 이용한 과산화물가의 변화는 배양 2일부터 증가하기 시작하였는데 로즈마리엑기스는 BHA, BHT와 비슷한 항산화효과를 나타냈으며, 양파엑기스는 BHA, BHT에 비하여 높았으나 대조구보다는 약간 낮아 항산화효과가 있음을 나타내었고 타임엑기스는 거의 항산화효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. Thiocyanate방법에 의한 항산화력의 효과는 12일간 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 배양하면서 측정한 결과 BHT, BHA, 로즈마리엑기스, 양파엑기스 순으로 항산화 효과를 보여 주었으나 타임엑기스는 POV값의 변화에서와 마찬가지로 항산화효과가 없는 것으로 생각된다. 그람 양성균 7종, 그람 음성균 3종, 효모 2종, 곰팡이 2종 등 모두 14균주를 사용해 항균활성을 검색한 결과 양파엑기스는 거의 모든 그람 양성균에 항균활성을 보여주나 식중독과 관련된 대장균이나 살모넬라균에는 거의 활성을 나타내지 않았으며, 효모와 곤팡이에 대하여도 거의 활성을 나타내지 못하였다. 로즈마리엑기스도 모든 그람 양성균에 대하여 항균활성을 보여주었으며 특히 김치숙성과 관련된 Lac. plantrarum에 강한 활성을 나타내었고 E. coli와 Salmonella typhimurium에도 활성을 보여주었다. 타임엑기스는 그람 양성균에만 약한 항균활성을 보여주나 그 외의 균에 대하여는 거의 활성을 나타내주지 않았다. 혈중알콜농도 측정 결과 양파엑기스, 로즈마리엑기스 및 타임엑기스는 농도 의존적으로 혈중 alcohol을 감소시켜 숙취에 어느정도 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 항고혈압 실험결과 대조군인 propranolol 투여군은 투여 후 3일째부터 유의성 있는 혈압강하 작용을 나타내었으며 양파엑기스는 투여후 3일째부터 6일째까지 지속적으로 유의성 있는 혈압강하 작용을 보여 주었으나 로즈마리엑기스는 아무런 영향이 없었으며 타임엑기스는 오히려 상승하는 경향이 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 양파껍질 추출물이 흡연동물모델에서 고지방식이로 유도된 고지혈증의 혈액지질 대사에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 조사하였다. 흡연모델을 유도하기 위하여 담배연기(CS) 추출액을 공급하였으며, 일반식이를 공급받는 동물군을 대조군(CT), 일반식이와 담배연기 추출액을 공급받는 동물군을 대조흡연군(CT+CS), 고지방식이를 공급받는 동물군을 고지방식이군(HF), 고지방식이와 담배연기 추출액을 공급받는 동물군을 고지방흡연군(HF+CS), 고지방식이와 담배연기 추출액과 더불어 양파껍질(OP) 추출물을 공급받는 동물군을 고지방흡연양파군(HF+CS+OP)으로 6마리씩 5그룹으로 나누어 6주간 사육하였다. 실험 시작 전, 3주, 6주에 혈액을 채취하였다. 6주 동안 양파껍질 추출물의 공급으로 혈액 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, non-HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 HF군과 HF+CS군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 HF+CS보다 HF+CS+OP에서 혈액의 AST, ALT 농도가 유의적으로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험을 통해 양파껍질 추출물의 공급이 담배연기 추출액과 고지방식이로 증가한 혈중지질 수준과 간 기능 지표 수준을 개선하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 지표들을 바탕으로 양파껍질의 섭취는 흡연자들의 간 기능 손상과 고지혈증 증상을 완화할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.310-318
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• 2011

양파의 매운 맛과 냄새를 감소시켜 섭취가 용이하도록 흑양파를 제조하고자 하였으며, 제조조건을 선발하기 위해서 숙성온도, 양파 크기, 그리고 양파 외부의 처리방법을 다르게 하여 흑양파를 제조하고, 각각의 흑양파 물 추출물에 대한 항산화 효과를 평가함으로서 흑양파를 새로운 식품 소재로 사용할 수 있는 흑양파 제조의 기초자료를 조사하였다. 온도에 따른 흑양파 제조효과에서 온도 증가에 따라 갈변효과가 증가하였다. 양파의 크기별은 100 g의 작은 양파와 뿌리와 줄기를 자른 양파의 갈변효과가 좋았다. 생양파보다 제조한 흑양파의 색도와 ${\Delta}E$ 값은 크게 증가하였으며 $90^{\circ}C$일 때 5.53 이었고, 총 페놀 함량은 온도의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 $90^{\circ}C$에서 9.19 mg/g이었다. $90^{\circ}C$에서 껍질 있는 작은 양파의 총 페놀함량은 11.62 mg/g으로 가장 높았다. 각 항산화 효과를 놓고 본 때 $90^{\circ}C$에서 껍질있는 작은 흑양파의 효과가 가장 좋았으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 48%에 달하였고 아질산염 소거능도 타 처리구 보다 좋은 결과이었다. 흑양파 제조방법에 따른 기능성 성분을 분석한 결과 박피하지 않고 뿌리와 줄기를 자른 90-S-C 처리구가 갈변도, 총 페놀의 함량이 가장 높게 검출되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 $90^{\circ}C$에서 껍질로 싸여 있는 100 g 작은 양파의 갈변효과가 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.515-525
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• 2023

This research aimed to examine the effects of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) at various concentrations on the microbial safety and physicochemical characteristics of onion puree (0.01~0.1%). The onion puree was kept at 4℃ for 14 days. The results of the study indicated that the addition of GSE did not cause any significant changes in the sample's brix degree and viscosity in onion puree (p<0.05). However, as the concentration of GSE increased, the pH level decreased. On the other hand, as GSE was added, the lightness of the onion puree increased, while the redness and yellowness decreased. Compared to pure onion puree, the GSE-incorporated onion puree had higher levels of total flavonoid and total polyphenol content, indicating that it helps to maintain antioxidant activities. Based on the microbial safety test, aerobic bacteria, yeast, and mold were absent until day 14 of storage. In conclusion, the study suggests that the addition of GSE to onion puree increases its antioxidant activity and shelf-life.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2001

In this study, UV/vis. spectra of color solution extracted from onion shell and dyeing properties of polyamide fibers such as wool, silk, and nylon were investigated. Also, the effect of mordanting on wash fastness and light fastness was Investigated. The amount of colors extracted was increased with extracting temperature and time. The wavelength of maximum absorption of onion shell extract corresponds to flavonol peak and quercetin peak. Also, spectra of color solution were shifted to longer wavelength at higher pH values. It appeared that the optimum condition of the dyeing of wool, nylon, and silk fabrics with onion shell extract was $60^\circ{C}$ , 30min, and pH 4.0 of dyed bath. Surface colors of the dyed fabrics were different according to the used mordants: Al and Cr mordanted fabrics were dyed in yellowish colors, Cu mordanted fabric in greenish color, Sn mordanted fabric in orange color, and Fe mordanted fabric in khaki color. The mordanting was effective at improving wash fastness and light fastness.