• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 2000

With esthetic concern in the reconstruction of skin and soft tissue defects of face, the use of local flap has been the method of choice. However, when there is extensive tissue loss in the face, local flaps do not provide satisfactory results. The amazing development of microsurgical technique has decreased the percentage of free flap failure, thus making free flap use in reconstruction of facial soft tissue defects. Many free flaps has been applied for reconstruction of face defects. Especially, the radial forearm flap has numerous advantages with which facial reconstruction is made possible. But, its disadvantages are ; the sacrifice of one major artery supplying the hand and donor site complications. In order to circumvent these disadvantages, we employed posterior interosseous artery(PIA) forearm free flap for the reconstruction of the face defects. The posterior interosseous forearm island flap was first described by Zancolli and Angrigiani(1985). Currently, the PIA island flap and free flap have been used for hand reconstructions. The disadvantages of the PIA flap are ; the small caliber of the pedicle, different locations of the perforating branches, and the proximity of the motor branch of the radial nerve. But, its advantages lies in preserving the major artery of the hand, minimal donor site morbidity, and fairly well matched skin texture and color, and that the flap volume is sufficient, not too bulky with convenient handling. By using this flap, we performed 1 case of tumor resection and 1 case of traumatic defect. From our experiences we conclude that it is one of many useful methods in the reconstruction of the skin and soft tissue defects of the face. We also have discussed advantages and some limitations of various free flaps for reconstruction of the face.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.5
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• pp.35-66
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• 2003

This article dealt with the formation and dissolution of tautological structure in the Frank Stella's work from 1959 to 1980 years by the analysis of signifier. A characteristic of Stella's work change is that it has the gradual progress which condensed into three periods -1) the formation and fixation period of tautological structure 2) the relaxation period of tautological structure and 3) the dissolution period of tautological structure. In other words, the early works of stella in the early 1960s has the structure which minimize differences in one hand, and maximize strictness, clearness, and identity on the other hand However, the stella's work from mid 1960s to mid 1970s extend differences gradually, while keeping a characteristic of prior work. And the stella's work after late 1970s has the decentered disintegration, namely anti-tautological structure which maximize differences. 'The formation and dissolution of tautological structure' in the Stella's work could be understood in relation to the fact that the Greenberg's modernist canon has loss the power gradually after late 1960s. That is to say, the dissolution of tautological structure in the late stella's work could be interpreted as the inevitable product which is produced in the searching for a new canon of painting. However, on the other hand, the structural change of stella's work in the late 20th Century is also understood in relation to the broader context, the social, and cultural context. Here, it is interpreted as the one of typical example which reflect a social and cultural convulsion designated as a 'Coming of Postmodernism'. In short, the late Stella's work which emphasize differences and unclearness, while diverging from early Stella's work which stress identity and rationality could be interpreted that it has the homology with the change of ways of thinking in the late 20th century Society.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.43-54
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• 2013

With the consistent development of the 3D application technique, visuals are available at more realistic quality and are utilized in many applications like game. In particular, interacting with 3D objects in virtual environments, 3D graphics have led to a substantial development in the augmented reality. This study proposes a 3D user interface to control objects in 3D space through virtual two-view method using only one camera. To do so, homography matrix including transformation information between arbitrary two positions of camera is calculated and 3D coordinates are reconstructed by employing the 2D hand coordinates derived from the single camera, homography matrix and projection matrix of camera. This method will result in more accurate and quick 3D information. This approach may be advantageous with respect to the reduced amount of calculation needed for using one camera rather than two and may be effective at the same time for real-time processes while it is economically efficient.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.6
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• pp.169-183
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• 2004

So far I have reviewed the two controversial opinions of the North Korean and the South Korean linguists concerning the position of the Koguryeo language in the formation of Korean. Many South Korean scholars in favor of the Altaic Language Family Hypothesis argue that the ancient Korean language consisted of two different languages, one of which was the northern dialect including four languages such as the Koguryeo language (the largest one within the area), the Puyo language, the Okche language, the Yemaek language, and the other was the southern dialect, the largest language of which is the Shinla language. On the other hand, the linguists of North Korea claim that in Koguryeo and Shinla the same language was spoken and that modern Korean is formed based on the Koguryeo language. Before evaluating which of these claims is correct I would like to turn to the scarcity of the linguistic data of the Koguryeo language. Compared with the pragmatic methodology of the South Korean linguists in the studies on the Altaic affinity of Korean, the North Korean scholars need to present still more evidences in order to support their argument. In Chung (1993) I argued that studies on the genealogy of the Korean language or history had to be performed regardless of tile political purpose or for the purposes. We should admit the historical fact that there had been many tribal states in the Korean peninsula before the ancient Korean stage, those of which had been emerged to become three kingdoms. Those kingdoms were unified by Shinla, which was connected to Koryeo Dynasty. We cannot disregard the fact that the Korean language has been developed hand in hand with these historical process with those steps related with each age. The first thing we should do right now is to collect the remaining data of the Koguryeo language recorded in the old written materials, which have been found in North Korea as many as possible. Also, 1 hope that the linguists of South Korea achieve more academic success in the comparative studies of the Paekjae language, the Shinla language, and other adjacent Altaic languages.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.31-40
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of the physical properties, bending and luster properties, which are related to the touch and appearance of silk fabrics modified by the degumming process. The silk has long been known as one of the most elegant and soft textile materials. The raw silk yarn, or cocoon bave, spun from the spinneret, is rather stiff due to the sericin covering the two fibroins together. The sericin can be removed during a degumming process. The removal of the sericin would result in remarkable change in the physical properties of the raw silk fabrics, including luster of the fabrics, which process parameters could possibly be utilized to adequately control the silk fabric properties. The KES(Kawabata Evaluation System) is a testing methodology that has been used with considerable success for predicting the hand and tailorability of apparel fabrics. This study uses one of the KES, bending tester, to measure the bending properties of the silk fabrics degummed for specified period to change the physical/mechanical properties of the fabric. The KES bending measurement revealed that the bending rigidity decreased for both the warp and weft direction of the silk fabrics with the increase of the degumming period. It has been shown in this study that the some of the hand-related physical properties, including the bending rigidity, drapability, and luster, could be modified with the change in the degumming period.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 1999

Since Nakayama's first report about venous flap, many experimental and clinical studies were done about this new type of flap. And due to its various benefits, its applications as arterialized venous free flap type have increased recently. In this study we have attempted to reconstruct composite of defects of the hand with new modification of arterialized venous free flap and simultaneous reconstruction of skin, nerve, tendon were performed successfully. From 1994 to 1999, the defects of the hands in 35 patients were reconstructed with various modifications of arterialized venous free flaps. The range of age was from 19 to 55 years and size of flap ranged from $1{\times}2cm\;to\;14{\times}9cm$. Among them, 12 cases of flap over 20cm in size were included. Indications of flaps were as follows: resurfacing of the defects of the skin (9 cases), simultaneous reconstruction of extensor, skin and digital nerve(2 cases), reconstruction of the skin with extensor(5 cases), as a flap-through type vascular reconstruction(6 cases), for digital nerve reconstruction(2 cases), contracture release(3 cases), and finger tip reconstruction(9 cases). All of the cases except one survived with marginal skin necrosis less than 10%. And relatively large flaps over 20cm in size successfully survived without any delay procedures. Composite reconstructions including tendon and nerve were successful with new modifications of this flap. Arterialized venous free flap is one of the useful procedure in reconstruction of the hand because it has many advantages such as non-bulky and good quality of flap, variable length of pedicle, preservation of major vascular pedicle, less operation time, single operative field and in addition possibility of various modifications.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1210-1217
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• 1999

This study was carried out to develop a newly designed ovum pick-up(OPU) instrument for ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular aspiration in cows. This new instrument consists of out- & inner-layer stainless pipes and a grip with a trigger(hand) switch. Some gauge types of disposable needles and tubes can be attached to this inner pipe. With this instrument, while grasping an ovary with one hand, the other hand can handle in apiration and vacuum on/off with the least assitant's help. With this instrument the mean recovery rate of bovine follicular oocytes was 45.2%. In recovered oocytes, usable oocytes(Grade I & II) were 30.4% and this rate meant 1.4 oocytes per ovary. For 30 days after initial aspiration with this instrument, some adverse effects such as adhesion, hemorrhage, hematoma and other mass formation in/with ovaries were also examined by rectal examination, ultrasonographic and endoscopic images. Adhesion was found in one ovary 1 week after aspiration, and hemorrhagic lesion was found 1-2 days and petechia were found 3-5 days after aspiration and there was no remarkable adverse effects. It was found that this instrument could be applicable and safe for ovum pick-up in cows.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.405-411
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• 2013

Objective: Product design process without considering the strength of the user can cause the excessive burden on musculoskeletal system of human body. Since the muscle strength will vary depending on the body posture, the design of product should consider the characteristics of body posture. This study was performed to investigate the effects of forearm postures on the push and pull strength. Background: Overexerted force has been identified to cause musculoskeletal disorders. It is important to know the push and pull strength exerted by human when designing so that exerted force does not exceed the safety limits. Method: Maximum isometric push and pull strength of left, right and both hands were measured according to forearm postures with pronation, neutral and supination. For the study, 66 male and 30 female undergraduate students were participated as subjects. All subjects were normal and healthy with no clinical history. Results: The results showed that the push strength of male and female were 93.3% and 85.4% of pull strength. It showed that the strength of one-hand was 72.1~81.0% of the strength of two-hands, and the strength of left hand was 93.1~95.8% of the strength of right hand. The strength of female was 62% of the one of male. It was found that the strength with pronation $90^{\circ}$ was reduced up to 20% compared to the strength with neutral posture. Conclusion: Push and pull strength of male and female were reduced when forearm was rotated extremely. Application: The results of this study will be used for the prevention of work related musculoskeletal disorders and design of industrial equipment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.642-648
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• 2009

Purpose: Hexadactyly without thumb is a rare congenital anomaly of the hand where six triphalangeal digits are symmetrically distributed without thumb. Contrary to mirror hands, triphalangeal six digits are symmetrically distributed on each side at the midline with well - differentiated carpal bones, extensor tendons, one ulnar and one radius. The authors developed a new surgical technique based on a three - dimensional concept to correct the hexadactyly and applied to 2 cases of hexadactyly with good functional and aesthetic results. Here we document the surgical technique and its result. Methods: A 16 month old male patient visited our clinic with chief complaints of bilateral hexadactyly deformity. On physical examination most radial first and second digits showed no opposition and adduction motion on both side hands. Radiography showed 6 triphalangeal digits with normal development of carpal, radial and ulnar bone. Right side abnormality was corrected by removal of most radial side extra - digit, rotation and migration of 2nd ray to thumb position and creation of 1st web by transposing a mid - palm based rectangular palmar flap as in Snow & Littler procedure which has been being applied for correction of 1st web syndactyly in cleft hand deformity. Seven months later, left side abnormality was also corrected with the same procedure. Results: Postoperative appearances of the both hands were satisfactory. Flexion, extension, opposition and grasping were possible with the pollicized 2nd ray. Pinching power was 3.0 kg 15 months after surgery and 2.5 kg 22 months after in right hand respectively. Conclusion: In correction of hexadactyly deformity, satisfactory aesthetic and relevant functional results can be expected with authors' newly developed technique: removal of most radial digit, rotation and migration of 2nd digit to thumb position as well as creation of the 1st web space by transposition of mid - palm based rectangular flap.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.213-218
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• 2023

In order to use the VR HMD, operation through separate controllers in both hands is required. Methods for text input in VR include a method of selecting virtual keyboard keys on the screen one by one using a controller, a method of inputting through a keyboard that is a resource of a computer by connecting a computer and VR, or a method of inputting through a keyboard that is a resource of a computer by purchasing a wireless keyboard in VR and wireless keyboard connection method. As such, the text input method in current VR equipment causes inconvenience and additional costs to users. For these reasons, most of the VR-related contents are limited to simple functions such as games or viewers, and there is a risk that VR equipment will be recognized as a simple game machine. Therefore, in this study, a multi-input interface using hand tracking provided by the Oculus Quest2 device is designed and partially implemented. Through this, it is expected that various tasks such as document work and business processing as well as games can be conveniently used using VR equipment.