• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2006

A mathematical model is described for the prediction of convective upward transport of an organic solvent driven by evaporation at the surface, which is known as the major transport mechanism in the in-situ photolysis of a soil contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD). A finite-element model was proposed to incorporate the effects of multiphase flow on the distribution of each fluid, gravity as a driving force, and the use of hysteretic models for more accurate description of k-S-p relations. Extensive numerical calculations were performed to study fluid flow through three types of soils under different water table conditions. Predictions of relative permeability-saturation-pressure (k-S-p) relations and fluids distribution for an illustrative soil indicate that hysteresis effects may be quite substantial. This result emphasizes the need to use hysteretic models in performing flow simulations including reversals of flow paths. Results of additional calculations accounting for hysteresis on the one-dimensional unsaturated soil columns show that gravity affects significantly on the flow of each fluid during gravity drainage, solvent injection, and evaporation, especially for highly permeable soils. The rate and duration of solvent injection also have a profound influence on the fluid saturation profile and the amount of evaporated solvent. Key factors influencing water drainage and solvent evaporation in soils also include hydraulic conductivity and water table configuration.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

압력비에 따라 유동 구조가 달라지는 박리 노즐 유동을 수치적인 방법으로 해석하였다. 축대칭 Navier-Stokes 식에 유한 체적법을 적용하여 공간 차분항에는 AUSM 기법, 시간 차분항은 2차의 시간 정확도를 가지는 기법을 사용하였다. 형상이 주어진 노즐 유동은 압력비에 따라 1차원 해석해가 존재하지만, 수치적으로 해석된 축대칭 노즐 유동은 매우 복잡한 유동 구조를 나타내었다. 압력비에 따라 박리 또는 비박리 유동, 정상 또는 일정한 주기성을 가지는 비정상 유동, Regular reflection, recirculation이 존재하거나 존재하지 않는 Mach Reflection 등의 특징적인 유동을 가지고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 유동 구조 중에서 박리 노즐 유동을 고찰하여 일정한 규칙성을 가지고 유동 구분을 하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2002

A two dimensional discrete vortex method (DIVEX) has been developed at the Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Glasgow, to predict unsteady and incompressible flow fields around closed bodies. The basis of the method is the discretisation of the vorticity field, rather than the velocity field, into a series of vortex particles that are free to move in the flow field that the particles collectively induce. This paper gives a brief description of the numerical implementation of DIVEX and presents the results of calculations on a recent suspension bridge deck section. The results from both the static and flutter analysis of the main deck in isolation are in good agreement with experimental data. A brief study of the effect of flow control vanes on the aeroelastic stability of the bridge is also presented and the results confirm previous analytical and experimental studies. The aeroelastic study is carried out firstly using aerodynamic derivatives extracted from the DIVEX simulations. These results are then assessed further by presenting results from full time-dependent aeroelastic solutions for the original deck and one of the vane cases. In general, the results show good qualitative and quantitative agreement with results from experimental data and demonstrate that DIVEX is a useful design tool in the field of wind engineering.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.605-615
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• 2001

수치시뮬레이션 기법 중 하나인 SMAC법은 시간의 변화에 따른 유동의 현상을 해석하기 위해 MAC법을 수정 한 기법이다. 비압축 점성 흐름을 풀기 위해 Navier-Stokes 방정식을 사용하였으며, 유동을 가시화하기 위해 마커입자가 사용되었다. 본 연구에서는 SMAC법을 사용한 2차원 물기등 붕괴현상의 수치시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 시뮬레이션 결과는 Martin과 Moyce의 실험 결과 및 MPS법의 계산결과와 비교하였고, 좋은 결과가 얻어졌다. 또한, 이 수치시뮬이션은 댐 붕괴와 같은 수공구조물의 붕괴현상에 적용할 수 있겠다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.172-183
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• 2009

For the effects of the nonlinear temperature profiles and reduced-gravity conditions we conduct a two-dimensional numerical modeling and simulations on the physical vapor transport processes of $Hg_2Cl_2-Xe$ system in the horizontal orientation position. Our results reveal that: (1) A decrease in aspect ratio from 5 to 2 leads to an increasingly nonuniform interfacial distribution and enhances the growth rate by one-order magnitude for normal gravity and linear wall temperature conditions. (2) Increasing the molecular weight of component B, Xenon results in a reduction in the effect of solutal convection. (3) The effect of aspect ratio affects the interfacial growth rates significantly under normal gravity condition rather than under reduced gravitational environments. (4) The transition from the convection-dominated regime to the diffusion-dominated regime ranges arises near at 0.1g$_0$ for operation conditions under consideration in this study.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.699-704
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• 2003

레이다기법을 이용한 마이크로파 Reflectometry를 비균질 매질의 밀도 특성을 조사하기 위한 비파괴검사 장치로 응용하기 위한 시스템 특성을 연구하였다. 마이크로파 Reflectometry로 비균질 매질을 조사하기 위해서는 대상에 따른 시스템의 하드웨어 구성이 최적화되어야 하며, 각 시스템에서의 소신호 반응특성이 이해되어야만 전체적인 시스템 해법을 제공하는 것이 된다. 그 중에서 플라즈마 연구분야에 응용하기 시작한 것은 비교적 최근의 일로서 그 활용도가 점차 증가하고 있는 경향이다. 조사하는 대상의 특성에 따른 시스템의 구성을 이해하고, 파동수 및 밀도 섭동에 관한 시스템의 특성을 조사하기 위한 장치를 제안하며, 실험적 방법의 결과와 1차원 파동방정식을 이용한 수치해석적 결과를 비교 검증하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.87.1-87.1
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• 2012

We use three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate how the dynamic state of emerging magnetic field is related to the twist of field lines. Emergence of magnetic field is considered as one of the key physical process producing solar activity such as flares, jets, and coronal mass ejections. To understand these activities we have to know dynamic nature and electric current structure provided by emerging magnetic field. To demonstrate dynamic nature of field lines, we focus on the factors such as curvature of magnetic field line and scale height of magnetic field strength. These factors show that strong twist case forms two-part structure in which the central part is close to a force-free state while the outer marginal part is in a fairly dynamic state. For weak twist case, it still shows two-part structure but the tendency becomes weaker than strong twist case. We discuss how the curvature distribution affects the dynamic nature of emerging magnetic field. We also investigate electric current distribution provided by emerging field lines to show a possible relation between electric current structure and sigmoid observed in a preflare phase.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2010년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.247-251
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• 2010

It is very difficult to understand and estimate the heat transfer and flow characteristics in the combustor, which is one of main components in the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), because its flow filed has very complex structure. In this paper, specified is characteristics of injection and flow through different air goles in the liner, which consist of large circular holes film cooling holes, and tangential air swirl holes. The durability of the liner depends on whether the surface of the liner is exposed to the hot gas over 1000 $^{\circ}C$ of a temperature or net. It is proved that the locations of hot spots estimated from the calculation using CFD are matched well with that from the test. In this study, CFD simulations were performed to examine the heat transfer and temperature distributions in and about a liner wall with film cooling on the wall. This computational study is based on the ensemble average continuity, compressible Navier-Stokes, energy, and PDF combustion equations closed by the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model with standard wall functions for the gas phase and the Fourier equations for conduction in the solid phase.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.155-158
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• 2002

In general, TVC(Thermal Vapor Compressor) is used to boost/compress a low pressure vapor to a higher pressure for further utilization. The one-dimensional method is simple and reasonably accurate, but cannot realize the detail as like the back flow and recirculation in the mixing chamber, viscous shear effect, and etc. In this study, the axisymmetric How simulations have been performed to reveal the detailed flow characteristics for the various ejector shapes. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved together with the continuity equation In the compressible flow fields. The standard $k-{\epsilon}$ model is selected for the turbulence modeling. The commercial computational fluid dynamic code FLUENT software is used for the simulation. The results contain the entrainment ratio under the various motive, suction and discharge pressure conditions. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data, and the comparison shows the good agreement. The three different flow regimes (double chocking, single chocking and back flow) have been clearly distinguished according to each boundary pressure values. Also the effects of the various shape variables (nozzle position, nozzle outlet diameter, mixing tube diameter, mixing tube converging angle, and etc.) are quantitatively discussed.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1996

렌티귤러 렌즈를 이용한 2안용 입체영상 시스템에서 렌티큘러 렌즈와 관찰자와의 거리 및 렌티큘러 렌즈의 주기를 변화시키면서 입체영상 시스템의 광학적 특성을 컴퓨터를 이용하여 모의실험을 하였다. 모의실험결과에 의하면 렌즈로부터 관찰자까지의 거리가 가까워짐에 따라서 렌즈의 주기가 주어진 LCD화소의 주기보다 작아져야 한다는 사실을 보여준다. 또한 어떤 일정한 조건하에서 오른쪽 눈에서의 화상과 왼쪽 눈에서의 화상이 공간적으로 비교적 균일하게 분포한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러나 이 경우 시스템의 잡음도 공간적으로 균일하게 분포되고 또한 렌즈로부터 관찰자까지의 거리가 멀어질수록 그 잡음의 크기가 커진다는 것을 알 수 있다.