• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.697-701
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• 1996

King Sejong's Striking water-clock which brought in use on the first of July in 1434 was mainly composed of timekeeping and time announcing parts signalling twelve double-hours, and five night-watches and night-watch-divisions automatically by means of ball-operating jackworks. The clock was arranged with dual timekeeping system, the one for a full day(twelve double-hours) and the other for five night-watches achieving twelve double-hours and one-hundred interval horary systems. The vessels were arrayed in inflow-type water-clock, a large reservoir on the highest story, a constant-level tank for supplying water to the measuring vessel evenly in the middle, and the lowest tank to receive water from the above constant-level tank. An indicator-rod on the float was raised upwards depending on the water-level increase to show timing scales and also to release small bronze balls from the ball-rack mechanisms implanted on the measuring vessel to signal timing intervals.

• 인문언어
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2001

In this paper, I propose that the figurative structure of Tongjoo Yoon′s "One Night, Counting the Stars" reflects the poet′s anguish over the colonial reality of Korea in the later stages of the Japanese occupation, especially regarding the forced adoption of Japanese names in 1939. The poet Yoon himself registered at Yonhi College with an adopted Japanese name. In the second half of the poem, the speaker alludes to this historical fact when he confesses that "On a hill lit by myriads of stars / I spelled my name / And covered it over with dirt," and that he "laments (his) shameful name." In the simile of the last stanza, the speaker continues to allude to the "buried" name: "But past winter, come spring to my star, / As green grass sprouts on a grave mound, / So will it spread with pride / On the hill where my name is buried." The longing and the yearning, expressed so simply and in child-like manner in the first half of the poem, become in the second half an urgent need for something that should have been but cannot be, and yet will be in the future-for a world that should be, now lost but to be regained. The poem contains the poet′s earnest belief that the inherited Korean names that were then so shamefully taken away will one day be recovered. It is almost impossible to find any other work written in Korean (despite the most suppressive measures against the use of the Korean language) that also alludes to the adoption of Japanese names. In this respect, "One Night, Counting the Stars" has a unique value in the history of modem Korean literature.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sleep/wake behavior for shiftwork in air traffic controllers (ATCs) using wrist actigraph for ten workers on a continuous full-day three-team three-shift system of forward rotation including on-duty and off-duty periods. The wrist actigraph data were recorded for three days (one shift cycle) for each subject. The mean activity counts during an on-duty period progressively increased from the night, the swing, to the morning shifts. The doze length during on-duty periods showed decreases in the morning and swing shifts as compared to the night shift. Total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE) during off-duty periods increased in the morning-1 and swing-night shift compared to the morning-2 shift. Finally, I discussed the role of doze-taking during the burden on night shift ATCs.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1996

Environmental issues are getting imrx>rtant and the polluted environment is now c considered as one of the serious social problems which we have to face. As a result, most people hate an night soil-treating establishment to be built near their village. This paper is intended to reveal the present situation of Sanitary Environment Bureau in Iksan City and its treatment of night soil. The conclusions are as follows 1. The mean quantity of treated night soil per day was approximately 126kl In 1995, and the treated quantity per month was largest in the months from May to August, but smallest in January and February. The quantity of the largest month doubled the one of the smallest, and it is considered to be because the microorganisms are more active in the warm season than in the cold season, being a a ble to process more night soil. 2. The after-treatment sewage water is regarded as being in an optimalcondition because the examination of the water discharged from the establishment revealed the result of BOD 16.67mg/l and SS 14.78mg/l in 1995. 3. The expense for treating human waste was ￦19,582 in Iksan Sanitary Environment Bureau and it was considerably lower than the average expense through the nation, i.e. ￦22,000-25,000. But the cost should be expanded for keeping outworn equipments from the old age. 4. It is desirable for the Bureau to open the establishment so that any adult or student can come into it and watch all the treating processes. It will help the citizens understand the need for the establishment in spite of its nasty and ugly impression. Other cities or countries have to follow this model and try to provide their citizens with a cleaner environment by investing more fund technology for it.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.64.2-64.2
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• 2016

Optical variability is one way to probe the nature of the central engine of AGN at smaller linear scales and previous studies have shown that optical variability is more prevalent at longer timescales and at shorter wavelengths. Especially, intra-night variability can be explained through the damped random walk model but small samples and inhomogeneous data have made constraining this model hard. To understand the properties and physical mechanism of optical variability, we are performing the KMTNet Active Nuclei Variability Survey (KANVaS). Test data of KMTNet in the COSMOS field was obtained over 2 separate nights during 2015, in B, V, R, and I bands. Each night was composed of 5 and 9 epochs with ~30 min cadence. To find AGN in the COSMOS field, we applied multi-wavelength selection methods. Different selection methods means we are looking different region in unification model of AGN, and 100~120, 400~500, 50~100 number of AGN are detected in X-ray, mid-infrared, and radio selection of AGN, respectively. We performed image convolution to reflect seeing fluctuation, then differential photometry between the selected AGN and nearby stars to achieve photometric uncertainty ~0.01mag. We employed one of the standard time-series analysis tools to identify variable AGN, chi-square test. Preliminarily results indicate that intra-night variability is found for X-ray selected, Type1 AGN are 23.6%, 26.4%, 21.3% and 20.7% in the B, V, R, and I band, respectively. The majority of the identified variable AGN are classified as Type 1 AGN, with only a handful of Type 2 AGN showing evidence for variability. The work done so far confirms that there are type and wavelength dependence of intra-night optical variability of AGN.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.291-303
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• 2019

고건축물이 위치한 도심지에게 있어 고건축물에 사용되는 야간조명의 문제는 도시의 역사와 문화를 나타내는 데에 있어서 매우 중요한 문제이다. 그러나 이러한 야간 조명의 시각적 평가는 여러 분야와 복합적으로 얽혀있다. 예컨대 고건축물 자체의 색채의 환원이라는 객관적 요소뿐만 아니라, 자연광과 인공광의 휘도대비나 조명시설기술의 영향과 같은 주관적 요소를 종합적으로 살펴보아야 한다. 본 연구는 고건축물 형태강화 계층, 시각적 해석 계층, 조명기술 응용 계층의 세 각도에서 야간 고건축물 경관의 평가체계를 구축하였고, 또 구체적으로 하위 항목들을 열거하여 서술하였다. 이를 바탕으로 계층 분석법(AHP)을 활용해 각 하위 항목이 전체 평가체계에서 차지하는 가중치를 분석하였다. 또한 일관성 검증을 시행해 본 연구가 도출한 평가체계가 단계 설정의 부분에 있어 요구되는 과학성과 합리성을 모두 갖고 있음을 검증하고자 하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

동아시아의 국제도시로서 서울은 활기찬 야경분위기를 자랑하고 있다. 형형색색의 간판과 옥외조명등이 주요야경요소를 구성하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울의 도심야경을 분석하기 위하여 주요도심가로를 분석하여 지역과 도심야경요소를 각각 특징 있게 표현하는 4곳을 최종적으로 선정하여 촬영 후, 슬라이드를 작성하였다. 이후 도심의 야간가로경관의 이미지에 대한 주관적인 반응을 분석하기 위하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. SPSS 10.0통계프로그램을 사용하여 설문조사결과를 분석하였고, 프로파일분석, 요인분석, 상관관계분석, 분산분석등이 통계기법으로 사용되었다. 연구결과에 따르면, 야간가로경관 4(상업 및 업무중심지구의 야간가로경관)는 흥미롭고 활발한 야경이미지를 보였으며 야간가로경관 1(경관조명이 되고 있는 쇼핑지역의 고층건물 야간가로경관)은 아름답고 조화로운 이미지를 나타내고 있다. 요인분석결과, '조화로운'과 '활기찬'이 대표적인 요인명으로 명명되었다. '정돈됨'에 관한 변수는 '조화로움'에 관한 변수에 가장 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내고 있으며, '따뜻하다'에 대한 변수를 제외한 모든 변수에서 야간가로경관들 사이에 평균값의 차이를 나타내고 있으며, 그중 '아름다움'에 관한 변수가 야간가로경관별고 평균값의 차이가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.576-583
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the daily steps, physical activities and activity coefficient of policemen (average age: 31.5 ${\pm}$ 5.1 years) who do shift work. Body weight, height and daily steps were measured and one-day activity diary was collected by interviewing with policemen. Average height, body weight, BMI, body fat (%) and muscles (%) of subjects were 173.1 ${\pm}$ 5.2 cm, 73.7 ${\pm}$ 9.7 kg, 24,6 $kg/m^{2}$, 15.5 ${\pm}$ 1.9% and 37.3 ${\pm}$ 5.8%, respectively. The average daily numbers of steps were found to be 9,812 steps/day on day shift duty and 10,888 steps/day on night shift duty and 6,551 steps/day on holiday duty. Hourly step rates on day shift, night shift and holiday came to 1946 steps/hr, 2,130 steps/hr and 1,318 steps/hr, respectively. Activity coefficient (1.75) in night shift of the subjects was the highest and activity coefficient (1.52) in day shift was significantly higher than that (1.31) in holiday (p < 0.05). The rate of expending time for very light activity in holiday (91.5%) was significantly higher than that (70.0%) in night shift. The muscle mass (kg, %) had significantly positive relationship with daily steps in day shift (r = 0.592, r = 0.632) and night shift (r = 0.550, r = 0.503). Triceps skinfold thickness was negatively correlated with daily steps in day shift (r = -0.366, p < 0.05). There were remarkable differences in physical activities and sleeping hours depending on shift works of policemen. In the case of night shift work, sleeping hours was the lowest and activity coefficient was the highest among day shift, night shift and holiday. These results suggest that energy requirements of policemen should be differentiated according to shift work duty.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.6759-6765
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 자연외기를 활용하여 건물의 중앙냉방시스템에 대한 에너지를 절약하기 위한 제어방법으로서 외기온도 조건을 고려한 나이트 퍼지제어의 적용방안에 대해 시뮬레이션 연구가 수행되었다. 외기온도의 변화특성 및 건물의 축냉성능 등이 고려되었으며, 나이트 퍼지제어를 위한 운전시작시간과 제어설정온도의 선정방안이 연구되었다. 본 연구를 위하여 TRNSYS 프로그램을 활용하여 시스템 해석 모델링을 수행하였으며, 기존 제어방식 대비 제안된 제어방법의 에너지 절약성능을 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과로 외기온도 변화에 따라 나이트 퍼지제어를 위한 운전조건을 선정한 제안된 제어방법이 기존의 나이트 퍼지제어 제어방식과 비교하였을 때는 최대 16.8%, 나이트 퍼지제어를 적용하지 않은 경우에 비해서는 최대 28.6%의 에너지 절감이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 1998

연구배경 : 수면다원기록에 따르는 첫날밤 효과가 수면연구자들 사이에서 널리 알려진 개념임에도 불구하고 이에 대한 국내 연구가 전무한 형편이고 한편으로는 이제까지의 연구결과들의 일관성이 없어 우선 건강한 젊은 성인을 대상으로 첫날밤 효과에 관해 연구 하고자 하였다. 방법 : 남자 의과대학생 8 명을 대상으로 2 일간의 야간수면 다원기록을 실시하여 산출된 수면 변인들에 대 하여 첫째 날과 둘째 날의 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 양 일간의 유의한 차이는 첫날밤에 수면기간 시간과 취침시간을 3 등분한 후반 1/3의 총수면 시간이 증가한 소견이었다. 그 외 제반 변인에서는 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 첫날밤 효과를 확인할 수 없었던 것은 1) 피험자들의 나이가 젊어 적응력이 뛰어났고, 2) 검사실 환경이 비교적 쾌적하여 집의 침실과 같은 안락한 환경을 제공하였기 때문으로 생각된다. 피험자의 연령과 수면 검사환경을 고려하지 않고 첫날밤 효과를 배제하기 위해서 무조건적으로 첫날밤의 수면다원기록 자료를 경시 또는 제외할 필요는 없다고 판단된다.