• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week combined cognitive and physical exercise program on cognitive and physical functions in older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design: A one-group pretest-posttest study. Methods: Twelve participants with MCI engaged in a weekly 60-minute session of combined cognitive and physical exercise program. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while physical function was evaluated through measures of muscle strength, postural balance, and walking capabilities. Muscle strength assessments included the arm curl test, handgrip strength, and the 5 sit-to-stand test. Postural balance was evaluated using the one-leg stance test, timed up-and-go test, functional reach test, and four square step test. Walking function was analyzed through a gait analysis device. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were compared to determine the effects of the exercise program. Results: The results demonstrated significant improvements in MoCA, arm curl test, timed up-and-go test, walking speed, and cadence following the 12-week intervention (p<0.05). MoCA scores revealed enhanced cognitive performance, while measures of muscle strength, including the arm curl test, exhibited significant changes. Improvements in timed up-and-go test scores indicated enhanced mobility, accompanied by increased walking speed and cadence, as evidenced by gait analysis. Conclusions: This study suggests that a structured 12-week program incorporating both cognitive and physical exercises can lead to meaningful improvements in cognitive and physical functions among older adults with MCI.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6-week sensorimotoor training on balance ability and lower limb muscle activation during gait in older adults. Methods: Twenty-four community-dwelling older adults between 65 and 90 years of age participated in this study. In the older adults of the experimental group (n=12), the sensorimotor training program was performed bare feet. General exercise was performed in the control group (n=12). Then, both groups exercised three times a week for forty minutes over a 6-week period. Balance ability was evaluated by One leg stand (OLS) test for determining the static balance and Timed Up & Go (TUG) test for determining the dynamic balance. In addition, muscle activation of the dominant lower limb tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis muscles were measured by surface EMG to evaluate muscle activation during gait. Results: A significant improvement was seen in the one leg standing (OLS) time after exercise in both the sensorimotor training (SMT) group and general exercise (GE) group (p<0.05) and the change in the SMT group was greater than that in the GE group (p<0.05). A significant reduction was seen in the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test time after exercise in both the SMT group and GE group (p<0.05). Also, a significant increase was seen in muscle activation of tibialis anterior muscle after exercise in the SMT group (p<0.05), but no such significant increase was seen in the GE group (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that sensorimotor training improves the balance in older adults and has a more positive effect on muscular strength and gait. Sensorimotor training provided a variance of training environment and COG exercise of the body is thought to be a more effective exercise program that improves balance and gait ability in older adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the severity of radiographic features and pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: Seventy-eight subjects (14 men, 64 women) with KOA, between the ages of 41 and 83 years (mean age, 61.29 years), were included. All the subjects diagnosed with KOA were scored for severity of radiographic KOA according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grade, visual analogue scale (VAS), knee joint range of motion (ROM), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), maximum muscle power (MMP), and sit-to-stand (STS) and one-leg standing (OLS) tests. Associations among the K/L grade, diagnosis, pain, and function were examined by correlation analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the K/L grade, and the VAS, STS test time, and WOMAC scores (p>.05). There were no significant differences between the K/L grade, bilateral ROM, MMP, and left OLS test time (p>.05). However, there was a significant difference between the K/L grade and right OLS test time (p<.05). The K/L grade was negatively correlated with the left OLS test time(r=-.24, p<.05) and with the right OLS test time (r=-.307, p<.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that radiographic KOA was not associated with pain, knee MMP, ROM, and STS test time, but had a weak negative correlation with OLS test time.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2005

이 사례연구는 2002년 10월 15일 칼에 의한 좌상으로 경추 3-4번의 불완전 척수손상을 입은 25세의 남자 환자가 최초 병원에서 2002년 12월 한달 간의 치료를 마친 후, 2003년 1월 3일부터 4월 28일까지 태릉에 위치한 N 재활센터에서 주 5회 2시간의 자세조절 훈련, 심폐지구력 훈련, 웨이트 훈련, 스포츠(축구, 소프트 볼), 여가활동(등산)의 프로그램을 적용하여 척추손상 환자의 사회적응을 돕기위한 재활 프로그램의 다양화를 꾀하기 위한 기초 선행 작업으로 시작되었다. 신체능력을 평가하기 위한 측정도구는 관절가동범위(Range of Motion), 수동근력검사(Muscle Manual Test), 경직(Spasticity), 신체체력(Physical Fitness), 발란스(Balance: one leg stand), 상대적인 등속성 하지근력(Isokinetic Muscle Strength) 그리고 신체조성(Body Composition)로 하였다. 재활기간을 통해 처음 시작 일자에서 45일 간격으로 3차례의 측정을(1월 3일부터 4월 28일까지 실시하였다) 실시하였다. 최초 환자의 상태는 부분적으로 일상생활의 도움을 받아야 하는 상태로 동작을 시작하려 할 때 경직이 발생되어 옷을 입고 벗기, 신발 신고 벗기, 운전, 식사, 보행과 계단보행, 경사보행에서 보조자의 도움이 필요했으며, 작은 물건 잡기와 글씨쓰기, 타이핑 작업은 불가능 한 상태였다. 또한 스포츠 활동과 여가활동 역시 불가능 한 상태였다. 3달 15일간의 기간 동안 환자는 복학을 준비하기 위해 적극적으로 치료에 임했으며, 결과는 다음과 같았다. 신체조성은 재활 훈련을 통해 체중, 체지방율(%), 복부지방율(WHR)의 많은 감소를 가져왔다. 경직을 측정하는 Ashworth Scale은 정상에 가깝게 감소하였다. 관절가동범위는 고관절, 무릎, 발목에서 모두 증가하였다. 수동근력검사(0-9)는 많은 향상을 가져왔다. 신체체력능력 항목에서 근지구력의 윗몸일으키기와 팔굽히기, 악근력, 유연성으로 앉아 체간 숙이기, 민첩성으로 사이드 스텝, 순발력의 서전트는 모두 크게 향상되었다. 환자의 일상능력에서도 옷을 입고 벗기, 신발 신고 벗기, 운전, 식사, 보행과 계단보행, 경사보행에서 보조자의 도움이 필요없었으며, 타이핑 작업은 5손가락을 모두 사용하지는 않았지만, 1분에 80타로 큰 향상을 가져왔다. 또한 축구와 소프트볼, 등산을 달에 1회 정도 실시하여 약간의 도움만으로 가능하게 되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of a training program using virtual reality on the balance and lower muscular strength of Parkinson's disease patients. Methods: The study included 22 patients with Parkinson's disease who were arbitrarily classified into 2 groups: 11 patients in the experimental group and 11 patients in the control group. Balance was measured with the Berg balance scale (BBS), the functional reach test (FRT), one-leg stance test (OLST), and the timed up and go test (TUG); whereas, lower muscular strength was measured with the sit-to-stand test (STS). Ping-Pong, bowling, and tennis were selected for virtual reality training for the experimental group, and were performed for 30 minutes 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The control group did not undergo any of the virtual reality training programs. Results: A significant difference was observed in the BBS, FRT, OLST, TUG, and STS results within the experimental group that underwent the virtual reality training program. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the BBS, FRT, OLST, TUG, and STS values within the control groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the virtual reality training program positively affects the balance and lower muscular strength in Parkinson's disease patients. This result indicates the possibility of application of the virtual reality training program to the management for Parkinson's disease patients, and highlights the need for the development and application of more efficient virtual reality training programs in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of Nordic walking on depression and the physical function of elderly patients with a high risk of depression. METHODS: This study was a blinded randomized allocation study; 32 elderly were assigned to a Nordic walking group (n = 17), consisting of 60 min Nordic walking (including warming up 5 min, warming down 5 min, and Nordic walking 50 min) two days per week for 12 weeks and general leisure group (n = 15), consisting of 60 min leisure program community center. The pre and post 12-week program, depression test, muscle strength (including grip test, and 30sec sit to stand), and balance (including Functional Reach test, and One Leg Standing test) were measured. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare within the group, and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare between the groups. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, only the Nordic walking group showed significant improvement in depression, muscle strength, and balance (p < .05). In the general leisure group, however, the left grip strength and Functional Reach Test (FRT) showed a significant decrease. The Nordic walking program was better than the general leisure group, and a significant difference was observed in depression, muscle strength, and balance between the two groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Nordic walking was effective for the elderly with a high risk of depression. Therefore, Nordic walking may be an option for preventing elderly mental disorders and functional improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-rater absolute reliability and the concurrent validity of the Tinetti-gait scale that was translated into Korean for chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with post-stroke participated in this study. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ($ICC_{3,1}$) and Kappa coefficient, and absolute reliability was analyzed by the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC). Concurrent validity was analyzed by correlating between the Tinetti-gait scale and physical functions. The physical functions were measured by using the Dynamic Gait Index(DGI), 10m walking test(10WT), One Leg Standing Test of affected/non-affected side(OLST), Sit to Stand test(STS), (Fugl Meyer assessment of Lower Extremity(FM-LE). RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability of the Tinetti-gait scale was high; $ICC_{(3,1)}=.91$ (95% CI=.85~.95) (very reliable), the range of Kappa coefficient were .73~.92 (substantial~good). The inter-rater agreement of the each item in Tinetti-gait scale ranged from .74 to .92 (95 % CI=.59~.95) (reliable~very reliable). The SEM and MDC were .56 and 1.55, respectively. In the results of concurrent validity, there were moderate positive correlation between Tinetti-gait scale and DGI (r=.78), 10WT (r=.74), OLST (r=.65~.73), FM-LE (r=67). And there was moderate negative correlation between Tinetti-gait scale and STS (r=-79) (p<.01). CONCLUSION: The Tinetti-gait scale(Korean version) was a reliable and valid tool to measure gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. Thus, it could be a useful tool for examining a gait ability of post-stroke patients. Further study should be conducted to investigate the usability to predict fall risk of post-stroke patients of the Tinetti-gait scale.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2020

Objective: Compression wear is an external aid which promotes performance and recovery, diminishes muscular microtrauma, reduces muscle fiber recruitment, improves neuromechanics, enhances coordinative activities, and reduces the perceived exertion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between athletic taping and compression wear on dynamic postural balance in healthy young men. The hypothesis was that the athletic taping and compression wear would affect dynamic postural balance, with athletic taping having a different effect on dynamic postural balance in healthy young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy young men participated in this study. To examine the association between athletic taping and compression wear, 3 clinical measurement tools, including 5 times sit-to-stand (5xSTS), one-leg standing (OLS) test, and Y-balance test (YBT) in 5 different conditions, namely (1) non-supporting, and support with (2) athletic taping, (3) regular compression wear, (4) silicon compression wear, and (5) double-fiber compression wear were used. Results: The distance of the Y-balance test (YBT) on both the dominant and non-dominant sides showed a statistically difference among the 5 supporting conditions (p<0.05). The distance measured via the YBT in the non-support condition was significantly different than that in the other four supporting conditions (p<0.05). However, 5xSTS and OLS were not significantly different in these supporting conditions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that athletic taping, silicon compression wear, and double-fiber compression wear were more effective for dynamic balance than non-supporting and regular compression wear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study measured the impact of a 12-week fall-prevention exercise program on balance, ambulatory ability, lower limb strength, and psychosocial characteristics in older adults diagnosed with dementia. METHODS: The participants comprised 31 older adults (9 men, 22 women) diagnosed with Alzheimer's or vascular dementia at a long-term care hospital located in Gunsan City. A fall-prevention exercise program was provided to the experimental group, while the control group was only provided with instruction and materials related to the fall-prevention exercise program. The participants were evaluated before the intervention, 6 weeks after the intervention, and 12 weeks after the intervention on static and dynamic balance abilities (using Timed Up and Go test: TUG, Tinetti-balance scale, one-leg standing test: OLS), gait (Tinetti-balance scale, 6-minute walk test: 6MWT), lower limb strength (sit to stand test; STS), and psychosocial characteristics (Short Form 36 Health Survey-Korean version, Korean Mini-Mental State Exam). RESULTS: An independent samples t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis. There were statistically significant improvements after the intervention (p<.05) in dynamic balance abilities (TUG and OLS using the left foot), gait (6MWT), and lower limb strength (STS) for the experimental group, but not for the control group. No difference was seen in psychosocial characteristics. CONCLUSION: Older adults with dementia who participated in the fall-prevention exercise program showed significant improvements in their static and dynamic balance abilities, lower limb strength, and ambulatory ability after the intervention.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.435-446
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength exercise program(60 minutes/day, 3 times/week) on health-related fitness and the factor of metabolic syndrome in the older at senior care facilities during 12 weeks. Twenty-seven volunteers were recruited for the study and divided into two groups: 15 persons(82.6yrs) undertook a continuous 12 weeks strength exercise program(EG), and 12 persons(78.9yrs) served as a control group(CG). The data process of this study calculated as mean(M) and standard Deviation(SD) of all measured value, used repeated measure ANOVA, and paired t-test. The significant level of hypothesis verification is set-up as α=.05. After 12 weeks in EG, health-related fitness increased by an average of 15.2% for right grip strength(p<.05), 26.9% for left grip strength(p<.05), 32.7% for chair stand(p<.05), 92.5% for one leg stand(p<.05), 29.6% for sit and reach(p<.05), and 34.5% for TUG(p<.05); CG showed no difference between pre and post. In the factor of metabolic syndrome, Systolic BP(3.1mmHg) and fasting blood glucose(7.4mg/dl) decreased in the EG group(p<.05). In summary, the strength exercise program leads to a genuine increase in health-related fitness and decrease in the factor of metabolic syndrome in the older adults. The well planned strength exercise seems to be an important intervention to improve function fitness in this population.