• 기록학연구
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• 제11호
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• pp.15-40
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• 2005

'Governance' is a subject that is widely discussed these days in the government and the academic world. I think that the new concept, 'governance', is a strategy to develop the democracy of the society in its institutional and functional aspects. When we are going to discuss about governance, public records and their relationships, without understanding the meaning of 'public' in Korea, we cannot expect to discuss the matter precisely. It is said that Korean public service sectors are awash with authoritarianism and unreasonableness, and that they are at the center of seething corruption and bribe scandals. It is the legacy that the regimes adopted in the aftermath of the Japanese colonial rule for 35 years. The colonial legacy included not simply the practice of the Japanese colony, but also people who had collaborated the Japanese. The American military government and Rhee, Sung-Man regime also appointed the same officials to government posts. As was the same case in other areas including economy, press, education, politics, law, etc. In this point of view, "Righting historical wrongs", a controversial issue now in Korea, aims at establishing the right relationships between an individual and the public, and eventually laying the foundation of democracy for future generation, a procedure of achieving good governance. Apparently, Korea has made progress in developing democracy, as well as in reforming the government policy and organization. Many independent commissions are performing the projects instead of the government institutions that mandated to do the job, but has not played their roles. The e-government projects in Korea was launched in 2001 by the former administration. However, the confusion of records-management after the promulgation of the act is the result of the lack of strategy and the inconsistency of the vision. Good record-keeping supports effective, transparent and accountable government. Accountability is a key element of good governance. It is a recognized fact that without information, there is no guidance for decision-making, and accountability. Thus without records, there is no accountability for the decisions of actions. Transparency means that the decisions taken and their enforcement are carried out based on led-out rules and regulations. When both accountability and transparency are non-existent, good governance is bound to fail. Archival institutions have to give an attention to inner-governance because of the new trend of archival practice, namely 'macro-appraisal'. This 'macro-appraisal' is a kind of a functions-based approach. However, macro-appraisal focuses not just on function, but on the three-way interaction of function, structure and citizen, which combined reflect the functioning of the state within civil society, that is to say, its governance. In conclusion, the public and democracy are major challenges in the Korean society. The so-called good governance requires good record management. In this respect, records managers are in the front line of instituting good governance, and achieving better public and democracy for future generation, a procedure of achieving good governance.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1995

The European Community (EC) began dealing with the subject of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the mid-1970s. After ten years of preparatory work and more than 20 draft versions, the EC Council of Ministers adopted, in 1985, the Directive on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (85/337/EEC). This directive requires the member states to make EIA mandatory for certain projects. Its Article 3 defines the purpose of the instrument: "The environmental impact assessment will identify, describe and assess the direct and indirect effects of a project. There are no rules on scoping or on post-project analysis. However, member states are free to adopt, in their domestic legislation, more stringent rules regarding the scope and procedure of EIA. Consequently, they have developed national EIA systems which differ considerably from each other. Also, EIA practice in each of these countries is different from that in the others. In 1992, the EC Council adopted the 'Flora, Fauna, Habitat' Directive which lays down an additional EIA requirement. Member states will have to develop a network of 'European' nature conservation areas. Each project or plan possibly endangering these areas will have to be assessed whether it is in line with the protection purposes laid down for them. Although the directive does not say so explicitly, this means that a kind of EIA will have to be carried out for those projects and plans. For several years, the Commission has been developing proposals for a directive on EIA of plans and programmes ("strategic EIA"). This would supplement directive 85/337/EED, and would require and EIA for plans and programmes influencing decisions on specific projects(e.g. agricultural plans or energy programmes). At present, procedural and methodological questions of strategic EIA are being discussed extensively both within and without the European Union.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2009

This paper is to research on the role of party autonomy in the decision of applicable law for the arbitral proceeding, arbitral award and arbitration agreement, in the decision of the place of arbitration, in the composition of arbitration tribunal, and the choice of arbitral proceedings. The principle of party autonomy is fundamental to arbitration in general and to international arbitration in particular. Generally the tenn of party autonomy is used as the autonomy of the parties to decide all aspects of an arbitration procedure subject only to certain limitations of mandatory law. Party autonomy permits the parties to a commercial arbitration to choose the laws and make the rules which govern the arbitral proceedings. Party autonomy allows the parties freedom to choose the applicable laws for the arbitral proceeding and the place of arbitration. Party autonomy is recognized in relation to the choice of law for the merits of the dispute as well as for the arbitration agreement and the arbitration procedure. On the basis of the recognition of party autonomy in international treaties, national legislation and court decisions, arbitral practice has generally accepted and enforced party autonomy both regarding the procedure and the applicable substantive law. All modern institutional rules of arbitration follow that line. Today it is recognized by national legislators all over the world to the effect that the jurisdiction of national courts can be excluded by arbitration agreement and that the parties may choose the law applicable to arbitral proceedings. Limits on party autonomy are imposed by mandatory provisions of international or national law or of institutional arbitration rules regarding the procedure. Mandatory laws at the place of the arbitration or under any procedural law chosen by the parties may restrict party autonomy. These mandatory laws usually take the form of public policy considerations in the arbitration. Limitations on party autonomy have been reduced more and more, and the trend of modern national as well as international legislation on arbitration leans clearly in the direction of a maximum of party autonomy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권12호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2006

교수학습법은 학생들이 새로운 경험에 대해 열린 마음을 가지고, 변화에 대한 융통성을 가지며 다양한 종류의 가치나 인생의 기로에서 올바른 선택을 내릴 수 있도록 가치 판단 능력을 가지게 하는데 초점을 맞춰야 한다. 그러나 전통 교수학습법에서는 교과서 중심/교수자 중심이었다. 이러한 교수학습법은 21세기 세계화와 정보화 요구에 발맞추어 학생들의 개별 수준이나 창의성 개발에 초점을 둔 학습자 중심의 교수학습법으로 개선되어야 마땅하며, 프로젝트 학습법은 특정 과목에 대한 철저한 학습과 학생들의 협동력과 탐구력 향상을 목적으로 하는 여러 가지 활동으로 특히 실습의 중요성이 강조되는 체육수업에서 이용하기에 바람직하다. 따라서 본 연구는 체육과의 바람직한 수업 개선 방법으로 프로젝트 학습 시스템을 설계 및 구현하여 시스템을 이용한 수업 실천 방법을 제시하고 그 효과를 검증 해 보기로 한다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.173-193
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• 2019

Reward-based crowdfunding is a funding platform that allows funds to be raised to early operators who have lack of funds, and is seen as an outstanding infrastructure that is going to lead the fourth industrial revolution in that it is a field of realization of new technologies and creative ideas by start-ups. Reward-based crowdfunding has grown in line with the trend of the fourth industrial revolution, and funding success cases are taking place in various industries that culture/art to technology/IT, including as a new means of knowledge management in a rapidly changing industrial environment. The study focused on the fact that consumer's donation purposes may also vary depending on the category of projects classified as reward-based crowdfunding. Because consumer payment decisions and motivation of consumer purchasing behavior are classified according to the purpose of purchase, the previous papers that the goal gradient effect that the main motivation of consumer donation for reward-based crowdfunding introduced vary depending on project category of utilitarian and hedonic. In this study, consumer's daily donation data is collected by Indiegogo which is a leading reward-based crowdfunding company using web-crawling and the model was defined as propensity score matching (PSM) and random effect model. The results showed that the goal gradient effect occurred in utilitarian project category, but no goal gradient effect for the hedonic project category. Furthermore, this paper developed the study of motivation of consumer donation and contributes theoretical foundation by the results consumer donation may vary depending on the project category; also, this paper has implications for an effective marketing strategy depending on the project category leaves real meaning to the projector.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2012

The decision-making by agents in games is commonly based on reinforcement learning. To improve the quality of agents, it is necessary to solve the problems of the time and state space that are required for learning. Such problems can be solved by Macro-Actions, which are defined and executed by a sequence of primitive actions. In this line of research, the learning time is reduced by cutting down the number of policy decisions by agents. Macro-Actions were originally defined as combinations of the same primitive actions. Based on studies that showed the generation of Macro-Actions by learning, Macro-Actions are now thought to consist of diverse kinds of primitive actions. However an enormous amount of learning time and state space are required to generate Macro-Actions. To resolve these issues, we can apply insights from studies on the learning of tasks through Programming by Demonstration (PbD) to generate Macro-Actions that reduce the learning time and state space. In this paper, we propose a method to define and execute Macro-Actions. Macro-Actions are learned from a human subject via PbD and a policy is learned by reinforcement learning. In an experiment, the proposed method was applied to a car simulation to verify the scalability of the proposed method. Data was collected from the driving control of a human subject, and then the Macro-Actions that are required for running a car were generated. Furthermore, the policy that is necessary for driving on a track was learned. The acquisition of Macro-Actions by PbD reduced the driving time by about 16% compared to the case in which Macro-Actions were directly defined by a human subject. In addition, the learning time was also reduced by a faster convergence of the optimum policies.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2014

인체에 부착된 센서들의 위치는 인간의 신체적 활동에 따라 자주 이동된다. 이에 따른 노드 위치 이동과 비가시선상의 문제들은 무선 인체 통신망에서 핫 스팟과 에너지 효율, 그리고 신뢰적인 통신 성능에 영향을 미친다. 우리는 빈번히 변화하는 네트워크 토폴로지와 채널 조건을 고려한 포워딩을 결정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 각 노드의 라우팅 레벨에서 입, 출력 링크들의 비율에 근거하여 포워딩 비율과 패킷들의 크기를 제어한다. 또한 패킷 크기와 포워딩 비율 제어를 지원하는 격자 기반의 연결을 확장함으로써 네트워크 토폴로지를 견고하게 한다. 본 논문의 시뮬레이션은 이러한 접근들이 네트워크 수명을 48.2% 증가시키는 것뿐 아니라 약 6.08%의 패킷 전달율의 증가가 있음을 증명한다. 또한 핫 스팟 문제도 본 제안을 통해 해결된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.847-856
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• 2016

최근 우리나라는 고도의 경제 성장과 더불어 급격한 도시화로 인하여 인구, 환경, 주택문제가 발생하고 있고, 특히 교통문제는 심각한 사회 문제로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 현재까지의 교통정책 방향은 차량소통 중심으로 시행되어 온 것이 현실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 운전자 관점이 아닌 보행자 관점의 교통정책의 필요성을 부각시키고자 한다. 2015년 전체 교통사고 사망자수(4,621명) 대비 보행 중 사망자수(1,795명) 비율은 38.8%로 보행자 교통사고 해결 방안 수립이 요구되고 있다. 횡단보도는 보행자가 안전하게 횡단할 수 있어야 하지만 현행 횡단보도의 폭원 산정 및 정지선 설치위치에 대한 명확한 기준 없이 도로의 폭을 기준으로 설치되어 있다. 특히 보행량이 많은 대학교나 상업시설 주변 지역은 횡단보도 설계 시 보행자 통행을 고려하지 않고 설계되고 있는 실정이다. 횡단보도 녹색시간 동안 수용할 수 있는 보행자 통행량보다 실제 통행량이 많을 경우, 대기 보행자가 주어진 녹색시간 동안 횡단하지 못하거나 주어진 횡단보도 면적을 벗어난 상태로 무리하게 횡단하여 교통 안전상의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 차량소통 위주의 신호시간 결정, 보행 신호시간 부족, 대로 상에서의 보행자 횡단거리 등 많은 문제점을 내재하고 있는 횡단보도 내 보행자 사고율을 낮추고자 보행자 통행량과 보행속도를 고려한 횡단보도 제원을 산정하고자 한다. 먼저 횡단보도 제원 산정을 위해 횡단보도, 보행자, 정지선에 관한 법규와 기존 연구문헌을 고찰하였다. 기존 횡단보도 제원과 정지선의 문제점을 분석하여 횡단보도 제원 산정을 위한 방법론을 제시하고, 이를 토대로 횡단보도 제원을 산정하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 제시한 횡단보도 제원 및 정지선 개선방안은 해당 교통안전시설물 설치 및 기준 정립 시 기초 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 웹 기반 교수-학습방법이 전통적인 교수-학습방법에 비해 학생의 학업성취에 어느 정도 효과가 있는가를 메타 분석방법을 적용하여 밝히고자 하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 분석대상의 85%가량은 웹 기반 교수-학습방법이 전통적인 교수-학습방법보다 학업성취에 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 둘째, 학교 급별에 따른 웹 기반 교수-학습의 학업성취 효과크기는 초등학교 학생과 대학생이 가장 큰 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 실시 교과목에 따라서는 사회와 실과 교과가 다른 교과목에 비하여 웹 기반 교수-학습의 효과가 큰 것으로 드러났다. 이 같은 연구를 통해 그동안 선행된 많은 웹 기반 교수-학습과 관련된 개별연구들의 각기 다른 학업성취 효과에 메타 분석을 적용하여 보다 개선된 결과를 얻었으며, 또한 이 분야의 후속 연구를 수행하는 데 필요한 기초자료와 방향성을 제시하였다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2011

본 논문은 <이진선-김경태[2]>의 후속연구로서 대중교통시스템 차원에서 PRT의 실제 적용시의 편익 등을 검토하여 경제성을 검토하고자 하였다. 기존 연구에서 산정된 수요를 바탕으로 실제 운영시 필요한 PRT 소요차량수와 편익을 검토하였다. 대상지역은 난곡지구로 선정하여 적용성을 검토하였으며, 기종점별로 소요차량 수를 산정한 결과, 요금수준이 800원일 때, 합승을 허용하지 않을 경우 160대가 필요하고, 최대 175대가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 PRT 수송수요와 역간 통행시간을 근거로 한 편익 산정 결과를 보면 요금수준이 800원일 때 2011년 6,444백만원, 2016년 6,408백만원, 2021년 6,354백만원으로 나타났다. 도출된 편익을 기준으로 하여 분석기간을 30년으로 할 경우 운임수준 800원, ${\alpha}$값이 1.0일 때의 2005년 기준 편익의 현재가치는 47,185백만 원인 것으로 분석되었으며, PRT 시스템의 구축비가 km당 80억원 수준일 때 운영비는 연간 시스템 구축비의 약 4.63% 수준이 되어야 경제적 타당성을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 결과적으로 PRT 사업의 경제적 타당성은 시스템 구축비를 얼마만큼 줄일 수 있느냐에 따라 결정된다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 PRT 기술개발사업은 최대한 경량화를 목표로 하여 인프라 구축과 차량비에 소요되는 비용을 최대한 줄일 수 있는 방향으로 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 본다.