• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2005년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.200-205
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• 2005

전통적인 컴퓨터 시스템은 클라이언트-서버 구조로 클라이언트가 데이터를 요청하면 데이터를 관리하는 서버가 이를 제공한다. 이러한 구조에서 데이터를 요청하는 사용자 수 증가하면 단일 서버(single server)만으로는 모든 사용자의 요청을 처리할 수 없기 때문에 다중 서버로 서비스를 제공하는 방법들이 제안되었다. 다중 서버를 가지는 시스템은 모든 데이터에 대해서 균등한 사용자 요청이 들어오면 최적의 성능을 내지만, VoD(Video On Demand) 서비스와 같이 인기 많은 데이터(hot data)에 대한 요구와 인기 없는 데이터(cold data)에 대한 요구가 현저하게 차이가 나면 인기 많은 데이터를 가지고 있는 서버는 사용자요청을 제대로 처리하지 못하는 반면에 인기 없는 데이터만을 가지는 서버는 시스템 자원을 낭비하는 단점을 가진다. 이 논문은 NS 카드를 장착한 시스템에서 인기 많은 비디오데이터를 QoS와 저장공간의 효율을 위해 부분 컨텐츠 복제 기법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 기존의 전체 컨텐츠를 복제하여 서비스하는 방법과는 달리 컨텐츠의 부분을 복제하고 서비스 시점에서 나머지 부분을 복제함으로써 사용자의 서비스 지연시간이 늘어나지 않으면서 저장공간의 효율성을 높일 수 있다.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

Presently there is an increasing demand for home health care services due to changes in the demographic structure as a result of an increasing elderly population, socio-economic improvements, and changes in the family structure, as well as the growing number of people with degenerative diseases. In addition to these reasons, rising medical costs and there a shortage of patient beds space in the hospital, particularly since introduction of national medical insurance. There has been an increasing demand for health care health care services. This study was done to identify the basic data for home health care management. It focused on developing client selection criteria, assessment tools, and recording methods. This was accomplished by the researchers visiting the patients in their homes. The research process included preparation investigation, tool development, training of the project researcher, and visiting the clients in their homes. The research tools are as follows : 1. Record development : a) The selection criteria tool for home health care of postpartum women was a structured tool and consisted of four parts. b) The structured assessment tool consisted of a general items, obstetric history, past medical history, methods of feeding, medications taken before admission, laboratory test results, discharge instructions, discharge medications, family tree, economic status, environmental status, a map, health assessment of postpartum women and their newborns. c) The visit note I consisted of the frequency of visits. Visit note II consisted of the date ; nursing problems ; nursing process including the initial assessment ; nursing goal ; visit plan ; postpartum women and their neonate health status, diagnosis, goal, implementation, evaluation, summary, next plan, for visit revision. d) Problem note consisted of the date, problem numbers, nursing diagnosis, problem appearance date problem resolution date. The research results are as follows : 1. Nursing problems : The nursing problems of the postpartum women and their neonates were evaluated by the number of nursing diagnoses and the change in the pattern of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. a) Nursing diagnosis The nursing diagnosis was classified according to physical function, psychosocial function, family system maintained function. b) The changes of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. As the type of nursing diagnosis changed related to the number of visits the number of nursing diagnoses decreased. 2. Contents of home health care : The content was categorized according to assessment, direct care, counseling, education, family care, reporting to with the attending doctor. The recommendations based on the research results are as follows : 1. Tool development Replication of this study is needed to test the validity of the assessment tools used. 2. Home visit a) Home health care nurses should be licensed and qualified. A referral form from the attending doctor is needed for legal protection of nurses. b) The first home visit need to be within 24 hours of discharge from the hospital to decrease the anxiety of frightened postpartum women. c) When the changes occur in the newborn's status, home health care nurses should consult a pediatrician. Communication within the home healthcare team is essential and needs to consistent and done smoothly. 3. Home health care A Study is required to develop protocols for education of staff and for operation of all aspects of this program.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.247-258
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• 2009

저가의 하드웨어를 이용하는 분산 파일 시스템은 대용량의 저장 장치를 경제적으로 제공해주는 해법으로 많은 인터넷 서비스 업체에 의해 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대규모 이메일 서비스를 위한 분산 파일 시스템인 BeanFS의 설계와 구현에 대해 소개한다. BeanFS는 다음과 같이 이메일 서비스에 최적화되었다. 첫째, 이메일 서비스에서 이용되는 작고 많은 파일을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해서, 볼륨 기반의 복제 기법을 도입하여 중앙 서버의 병목현상을 완화시킨다. 둘째, 이메일 메시지의 단순한 접근 패턴을 고려하여 일관성 유지 기법을 경량화시킨다. 셋째, 재복제시에 발생하는 오버헤드를 줄이기 위해 일시적인 장애를 영구적인 장애와 분리하여 대처한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2016

Purpose - In recent, a research finds that advanced selling can influence a consumer's choice(Kim et al., 2013). Advanced selling is defined as the new product launching strategy which company allows consumers to preorder new product before its release(Chu & Zhang, 2011). Prior researches have focused on the benefits of advanced selling(e.g., information gathering for demand prediction, an advantage for pricing strategy, and so on) for companies using this strategy(Chen, 2001; Chu & Zhang, 2011; Li & Zhang, 2013; Tang et al., 2004; Xie & Shugan, 2009). However, Kim et al.(2013) find it can also influence a consumer's choice. In detail, they suggest that when consumers use advanced selling, they are likely to prefer high-performance options rather than low-price options based on construal level theory(Trope & Liberman, 2003). In this paper, we tried to expand the prior researches for finding the mechanism of the influence of advanced selling on a consumer's choice. The purpose of this research is to test the mediating effect on the influence of advanced selling. Research design, data, and methodology - To find the mechanism of the influence of advanced selling, we designed an experiment for testing mediation effect. we recruited 93 students from a university. We assigned participants into one of two groups using randomization method. The participants with each group were given a scenario describing the sales strategy. Finally, they made a choice between high-performance option and low-price option. Sequentially, they also responded some questions for testing mediation effect. Results - First, we replicated prior research to test the influence of advanced selling. As a result, we could find that consumers prefer the high-performance option when they preorder it to purchase at the time of consumption. Thus, the replication result is the same as prior research. Second, we tested that advanced selling can influence the perception of temporal distance. The results confirmed that consumers perceived longer temporal distance in advanced selling condition(β = 1.575, SE = 0.272, p < 0.001). Third, we predicted that temporal distance can increase the importance of desirable attributes and decrease the importance of feasible attributes. The results suggested that temporal distance decreased significantly the importance of attributes related to feasibility(β = -0.19, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01), however, it had non-significant effect on increasing the importance of desirable attributes. Finally, we used Sobel-test for testing mediation effect, and it confirmed that the importance of feasible attributes had mediating role of the influence of advanced selling(Sobel test statistic = -2.110, SE = 0.111, p < 0.05). Conclusions - In this paper, we tried to find the mechanism of the influence on advanced selling from a consumer's choice. With an experiment, we confirmed that the importance of feasible attributes could mediate the effect on advanced selling. Therefore, we suggested some theoretical and practical contributions from this research. Finally, we discussed research limitations and suggested future research topics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.285-295
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• 1990

The utilization of medical care services has been partly regionalized with the implementation of referral requirement by the government since July 1, 1989 when the health insurance coverage was extended to all the people. For the purpose of regionalization, the whole country has been primarily divided into tertiary care regions, and each of them again into secondary care regions. This study investigates the self-sufficiency for in-patient care services of secondary care regions focusing on why it varies among the regions. In doing so, analysis is performed to examine a model which embodies three sets of hypotheses as follows : 1) The regional self-sufficiency for medical care services would be subject to direct influences of regional characteristics, amount of available services and structural properties of regional medical care system ; 2) The regional characteristics would have indirect effects on the self-sufficiency which are mediated by medical care services ; and 3) The amount of available services would indirectly affect the self-sufficiency by influencing the structure of regional medical care system. The results of analysis were generally consistent with the model. The findings have some practical implications. The regional self-sufficiency for medical care services partly depends upon basic properties of each region which cannot be changed in a short period of time. Thus the self-sufficiency for medical care services can be improved mainly by health policy measures. In some of the regions the self-sufficiency for in-patient care services was much higher or lower than can be predicted from the bed-population ratio. Indication is that the allocation of health resources should be made considering a variety of factors bearing upon the supply of and demand for health care ; not on the basis of just a single criterion like the availability. The self-sufficiency of a certain region is related to not only its own characterstics but also the characteristics of neighboring regions. Therefore, attention should be also directed to the inter-regional relationships in health care when the needs for investment of health resources in a region are assessed. However, it should be noted that this study used the data collected before the referral requirement was imposed. A replication of this analysis using recent data would provide an evaluation of the impact on the self-sufficiency of the referral requirement as well as a confirmation of the findings of this study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.28.1-28.8
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• 2017

Background: Major amino acids in pig diets are Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, but little is known about the requirements for the other essential amino acids, especially on odorous compounds and microbial characteristics in feces of growing-finishing pigs. To this end, different levels of amino acid composition added to diets to investigate the effects of amino acid composition on microbial characteristics and odorous compounds concentration. Methods: A total eight (n = 8) barrows (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) with an average bodyweight of $89.38{\pm}3.3kg$ were individually fed diets formulated by Korean Feeding Standards 2007 (old version) or 2012 (updated with ideal protein concept) in metabolism crates with two replication. After 15-day adaptation period, fresh faecal samples were collected directly from pigs every week for 4 weeks and analysed for total volatile fatty acids (VFA), phenols and indoles by using gas chromatography. The nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl method. Bacterial communities were detected by using a 454 FLX titanium pyrosequencing system. Results: Level of VFA tended to be greater in 2012 than 2007 group. Among VFAs, 2012 group had greater (p < 0.05) level of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) than control.Concentration of odorous compounds in feces was also affected by amino acid composition in pig diet. Levels of ammonium and indoles tended to be higher in 2012 group when compared with 2007 group.Concentration of phenols, p-cresol, biochemical oxygen demand, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen, however, were lower (P < 0.05) in 2012 treatment group compare to 2007. The proportion of Firmicute phylum were decreased, while the Bacteriodetes phylum proportion increased and bacterial genera includingCoprococcus, Bacillus, and Bacteroides increased (p < 0.05) in 2012 compare to 2007 group. Conclusion: Results from our current study indicates that well balanced amino acid composition reduces odor by modulating the gut microbial community. Administration of pig diet formulated with the ideal protein concept may help improve gut fermentation as well as reduce the odor causing compounds in pig manure.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2019

키-값 스토리지 엔진은 소셜 네트워크, 온라인 전자 상거래 환경 및 클라우드 서비스를 포함한 많은 컴퓨팅 환경에서 점점 더 수요가 증가하고 있는 필수적인 구성 요소다. 최근 키-값 스토리지 엔진은 트랜잭션, 버전관리 및 복제를 비롯한 많은 기능을 제공한다. 키-값 스토리지 엔진에서 트랜잭션 처리는 로그 선행 기입을 사용하여 원자성을 제공하며, 동기식 커밋 방식에서는 트랜잭션이 완료되기 전에 로그 데이터를 플러시한다. 그러나 로그 선행 기입에서 로그 데이터를 저장 장치로 플러시하는 것은 다양한 최적화 기법이 제안되었음에도 불구하고 여전히 fsync() 호출에 큰 오버헤드가 존재하고 있기 때문에 키-값 스토리지 엔진의 성능 병목이다. 이 논문에서는 기존 플러싱 체계를 최적화하기 위해 그룹 동기화 기법을 제안하여 키-값 스토리지 엔진의 성능을 개선한다. 또한, fsync()를 수행하는 동안에 다른 트랜잭션을 수행하는 트랜잭션 스케줄링 기법을 제안한다. 이 체계는 기존 시스템이 제공하는 동일한 트랜잭션 수준을 지원하면서 fsync() 호출의 수를 줄이는 효율적인 방법이다. 우리는 WiredTiger 스토리지 엔진에 제안하는 방법을 구현하였다. 실험 결과는 제안된 시스템이 기존 시스템에 비해 키-값 워크로드의 성능을 향상시킨다는 것을 보여준다.