• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.24
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• pp.1-24
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• 2008

This paper examines the direct effects of board independence and also its interaction effects with CEO's firm specific experience on firm performance. The findings in an hierarchial regression analysis of multiyear sample of computer hardware companies indicate that independent, outsider directors are beneficial to firms' performance when CEO has high-level of firm specific experience whereas it is harmful when CEO has low-level of firm specific experience. However, separating the positions of board chair and chief executive officer that has been used as another means for increasing board independence does not influence to firms' performance. These findings imply that researchers in corporate governance should reconsider the relative weight placed on directors' monitoring and assistance role. Rather than focusing predominantly on directors' willingness or ability to control executives, in future research scholars should yield more productive results by focusing on the assistance directors provide in bringing valued resources to the CEOs and in serving as a source of advice and counsel especially for CEO's improvement of management technique. In addition, they should pay more attention on identifying intervening processes between board and firm performance in order to provide optimal governance mechanisms and configurations to practitioners.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2005

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of hard board applied to acute low back pain patient by using Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Pain Rating Score(PRS). Methods From March. 2005 to October. 2005, 20 cases of acute low back pain were divided into 2 groups in sequence. Control group took a rest on the bed(marble-sponge mattress) and sample group took a rest on the hard board. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Pain Rating Score(PRS) were used to assess the change of pain. VAS and PRS were checked 3 times before the treatment, after 3day treatment and 6day treatment. Results 1. After 3day and 6day treatment, there was statistical significance between control and sample group by VAS. 2. After 3day and 6day treatment, there was statistical significance between control and sample group by PRS. Conclusions On treating acute low back pain, it is more effective taking a rest on the hard board than taking a rest on the bed. Further study is needed about effects of hard board applied to acute low back pain patient.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1976

This Study was carried out to investigate the course of air-drying and drying defects of red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) and Italian poplar (Populus eurameriana I-476) boards 1,2 and 3cm thick in the flat pile. The results are as follows. 1. Air-drying curves for red pine and Italian poplar boards were same as figure 1 and 2. These moisture contents were lower in July and August during seasoning periods. 2. Air drying time of red pine board required to dry 15 percent moisture content in one week for 1 cm board, five weeks for 2 cm board and six weeks for 3cm board respectively. In case of Italian poplar boards, in one week for 1 cm board, four weeks for 2 cm and five weeks for 3 cm board. The thickness of board influenced the time for air drying. 3. Drying defects such as checking, warping and staining happened badly in pine than in Italian poplar boards. Especially, checking was severe in thicker board and warping in thinner board.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for a distribution board that can monitor the leakage current of a load distribution line in real time. The developed distribution board was fabricated by applying IEC 61439-1. It consists of the distribution board and an alarm device. The work process for making the distribution board was compliant with the KEMC (Korea Electrical Manufacturers Cooperative) regulations. And the AC distribution board range is 1,000 V. In addition, the voltage in DC is less than 1500 V. The distribution board receives a 3-phases and 4-wires power supply system and can supply power to the load of a maximum of 32 single or three phase distribution circuits. Also, leakage current measured on the power distribution board was used by sensors installed. The SOP of the developed distribution board consists of the installation standards for the short circuit alarm device and sensor, the surge protection device, switches and indication lamps, and other devices. The operation procedure was prepared so that each manufacturing step of the distribution board must be confirmed by the persons in charge of preparation, production, quality control and approval before moving forward to the next step.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 1987

본질(本質) Cement board제조(製造)를 위하여 지금까지 톱밥, 목편(木片) 및 목수(木手)(excelsior)가 사용되어 왔으나, Wafer를 사용한 제품(製品)은 아직 개발(開發)되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 Cement wafer board를 압력별(壓力別), Wafer 길이별(別), Cement와 목재(木材)의 배합비별(配合比別), Wafer 배열별(排列別)로 제조(製造)하여 그 영향인자(影響因子)를 조사(調査)하고 이에 따른 제품(製品)의 물리적(物理的), 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質)을 구명(究明)하고자 실시(實施)하였으며 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. Cement Wafer board 제품(製品)의 적정압력(壓力)은 30kg/$cm^2$이었고, 30kg/$cm^2$ 이상(以上)의 압에서는 board의 기계적 성질에 나쁜 영향을 미쳤다. 2. Cement와 목재(木材)의 배합비(配合比)가 2.1을 넘을 경우에는 board의 성질에 나쁜 영향을 끼쳤다. 3. 한쪽 방향(方向)으로 Cement-Wafer가 배열된 조건에서 제조된 CWB가 최고의 곡강도(曲强度)를 나타내었다. 4. CWB의 곡강도(曲强度)는 다른 목질(木質) Cement board보다 높은 값을 나타내었으나 박리강도(剝離强度)에 있어서는 목편 Cement board보다 약간 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 5. CWB의 난연성(難燃性) 시험(試驗)은 난연3급(難燃3級)을 만족시켰다.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2015

Gypsum board is easy to manufacture of a variety of forms and has stable mechanical properties and thermal properties. And gypsum boards are widely used to the walls and ceiling of the building as the interior building materials. The studies about technology of applying the various features in the gypsum board with additives are being actively investigated. Development methods for enhancing performance of the gypsum board using additives are largely divided into two categories. The first case is functional gypsum board that is to improve the moisture absorption and moisture-proof properties. Also studies of adsorption and decomposition of indoor air pollutants of the gypsum board using porous materials as an additive are being actively investigated. Another case is applying thermal storage materials which gives the heat storage performance to gypsum board. In this paper, we would like to introduce the various cases of gypsum board applied various additives.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.861-872
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• 2021

This study examines the relationship between board characteristics and capital structure. Data was collected from the annual reports of listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand, from 2015 to 2017, which totaled 1,264 firm-year observations. The study uses multiple regression analysis to analyses the data by using independent variables, including board size, outside directors, managerial ownership, CEO duality, frequency of board meetings, board experience, and gender to measure board characteristics and the total debt ratio for capital structure. Research findings show that the more independent the directors are, the lower the cost of debt financing is, as they control the management team more strictly about debt financing than directors with less independence do. Additionally, the results reveal that the higher the percentage of managerial ownership, the higher the level of leverage and debt financing, whereas board size and board meetings have a negative relationship to capital structure. Further research showed that firm size, growth opportunities and corporate governance rating all had a positive significant impact on capital structure. The findings of this study suggest that the presence of proper corporate governance leads to better funding mechanisms as it ensures that the company is in a better position to obtain external funding.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.163-164
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• 2018

In this study, the adhesion performance of the adhesive between the concrete base and the fiber panel was verified through experiments. Attachment to all three types by applying adhesive to panel and attaching to CRC board surface, method of applying adhesive to CRC board surface by panel, method of applying adhesive on panel and CRC board surface respectively, As a result of the performance test, the adhesive strength of the panel attached to the panel on the CRC board after the application of the adhesive was highest on both the back surface of the panel and the surface of the CRC board.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the formaldehyde emission of building materials and effect of carbonized-board (c-board) on formaldehyde reduction using a chamber method. As a result, reduction performance of formaldehyde was in the order of c-board (90%), c-bamboo board (84%), diatomite-based panel (82%), allophane-based tile (78%), Pinus densiflora timber (58%), MDF (54%) and gypsum-based board (46%) for approximately 12 days. In $1.9m^3$ chamber filled with particleboard (PB), the formaldehyde reduction performance of c-board was significantly increased with increasing input amount of c-board for 68 days. In particular, the formaldehyde emissions can be reduced above 40% and 75% by input rate of 10% and 30% c-board, respectively, in given ratio of chamber volume and PB area.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.147-158
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to examine the grounds for the appropriateness of board games in daycare centers and kindergartens based on the child-centered, play-centerd activities of revised Nuri-curriculum and provide basic resources by the case studies of board game activities in each area of the Nuri-curriculum. For these aims, it suggested the rationale of board game use in early childhood education field: first, the value as an activity with concrete objects based on developmentally appropriate practice (DAP), second, children's voluntary participation and immersion due to the competition and rewards in gamification, third, integrated experience across all areas of the Nuri-curriculum. Also, it provided various samples of the integrated board game activities for children, and reviewed the precaution, pros and cons that emerged during the play. This study discussed the possibility and direction of board game activities in early childhood education and provided implications for organizing board game activities in the education field and developing new board game contents.