• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-38
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• 2020

This paper examines how South Korean government regulators and environmental scientists endeavored to improve the environmental quality of Seoul in preparation for the Olympic Games in 1988. When Seoul was nominated as a host city of the Summer Games in 1981, it was suffering from severe environmental pollution. The municipal government of Seoul and the Ministry of Environment initiated a series of pollution survey projects, which were followed by relevant regulatory procedures. One of the outcomes of these projects was the beginning of odor pollution regulation that used the Environmental Official Testing Method. Although the Pollution Prevention Act of 1963 made odor pollution such as unpleasant order, stench, and stink subject to environmental regulation, proper administrative procedures to reduce odor pollution were not in place until the 1980s. In order to reduce odor pollution in urban areas, governmental officers and environmental scientists tried to regulate odor-causing chemicals from factories. In June 1988, however, severe odor pollution was detected not from factories but from unregulated areas in Seoul, such as the waterside parks of the Han river, the downtown, and the marketplaces. The local regulators and scientists were concerned that the odor pollution could make a "wrong" impression on foreign athletes and visitors about the degree of "modernity" of Korea. This paper shows that the 1988 Summer Olympics was a transition point in the early history of odor regulation in South Korea, when the scope of odor regulation could be expanded.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand a trend of esports in terms of gamers' and fans' perceptions toward esports using social big data. Research design, data, and methodology: In this study, researchers first selected keywords related to esports. Then a total of 10,138 buzz data created at twitter, Facebook, news media, blogs, café and community between November 10, 2022 and November 19, 2023 were collected and analyzed with 'Textom', a big data solution. Results: The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, the news data's main articles were about competitions hosted by local governments and policies to revitalize the gaming industry. Secondly, As a result of esports analysis using Textom, there was a lot of interest in the adoption of the Hangzhou Asian Games as an official event and various esports competitions. As a result of the sentiment analysis, the positive content was related to the development potential of the esports industry, and the negative content was a discussion about the fundamental problem of whether esports is truly a sport. Thirdly, As a result of analyzing social big data on esports and the Olympics, there was hope that it would be adopted as an official event in the Olympics due to its adoption as an official event in the Hangzhou Asian Games. Conclusions: There was a positive opinion that the adoption of esports as an official Olympic event had positive content that could improve the quality of the game, and a negative opinion that games with actions that violate the Olympic spirit, such as murder and assault, should not be adopted as an official Olympic event. Further implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the selection process of the marathon course and the progress of the related urban landscape design projects. The study revealed that the initially selected course of the downtown Namdaemum changed to the riverside course that runs around Gangnam and Han river. This change implied that showing the developed landscape of Seoul was much more considered than showing the traditional landscape of Seoul. The urban design plan had changed in 1986 after the marathon course was finalized. The development project of downtown was changed to Gangnam area including Teheran-ro. The city also redeveloped the substandard housing zones around the Olympic facilities. As a result, developed areas and modern apartments of the riverside was emphasized in international TV game broadcast. This embedded the industrialized and modernized image of Seoul to foreigners. Also, Koreans started to recognize the Han river as Seoul's representative landmark. Accordingly, Seoul succeeded in creating a modernized urban landscape image through the Olympic marathon course.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2002

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.613-636
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• 2009

This paper examines the performance of assessing sponsors and non-sponsors recall and recognition at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games perceived by Korean and Chinese university students. Using a sample of 1,573 respondents, a survey was administered in Seoul and Beijing before and after Games to compare the recall and recognition that changed between two periods. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of the 2008 Beijing Olympic sponsorship has was lower than we expected. Results were founded that while Samsung(mobile), Coca-cola, McDonald's, and Visa achieved the desired sponsorship marketing effectiveness in Korea. On the other hand, non-sponsors of Nike, Dell, AIG, Samsung(computer) and Hyundai led to obtain the benefit and resulted in increasing consumer confusion as to who is a sponsor. In China, Samsung, Coca-cola, Lenovo, Volkswagen, Visa, and PICC achieved the desired sponsorship marketing effectiveness. On the other hand, Lining, Nokia, KFC, China Merchants Bank had some impact on the effectiveness of a rival brand from an official sponsor's product category. The paper concludes by considering some issues for sponsorship marketers.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.289-319
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• 1997

Non-medical use of drugs to enhance performance at Olympic Games by athletes has been prohibited by the International Olympic Committee(IOC) since 1968 on medical and ethical grounds. IOC wants to protect athlete from harmful side effect of drugs due to misuse of it. It also, ethically, wants to have Games run on fair base, not fortified by performance enhancing drugs, The banned substances include stimulants, narcotic analgesics, anabolic sterolds, ${\beta}-blockers$ and diuretics. In order to prevent the positive reaction in the doping test induced by herb medicine, this study was done on about Bojungchisheup-tang. The laboratory set up doping analyses methods to cover as many drugs as possible without sacrificing sensitivity and specificity within one procedure. Its screening method consisted of four different procedures. The results were negative. According to the above results, Bojungchisheup-tang taken by athletes would show the negative reaction in the doping test. So its prescription for athletes can be given without worries of the doping test.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.474-479
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• 2011

With Beijing's success in bidding for the 2008 Olympic Games, the increasing demand for infrastructure development and reduced public sector funding capacity has created a significant funding gap which calls for alternative project delivery methods such as Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Although the exploration of infrastructure projects using PPP model have been practiced since the late 80s, the $560 million National Stadium which served as the main venue for the Olympic Games is the first stadium project in China to be delivered under PPP operation. The project is generally considered successful despite the concession transfer in 2009 with concern of better serving the public interest. Compared to other infrastructure projects such as transportation, waste management and water management, the development of major sports facilities for mega-sports events with PPP has its own unique features and is subject to different major risks. This research identifies and analyzes critical risks in the implementation of PPP in major sports facility development through case study of the National Stadium project. A questionnaire survey and several interviews are conducted to solicit expert opinions from experienced practitioners. The purpose is to provide additional insights in risk management strategies and opportunities in China's PPP implementations in major sports facilities for policy makers and private sectors involved with investment decisions in future similar infrastructure development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.407-416
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to compare a sensation seeking profiles of the members in Korean Olympic team with those of common athletes. The 261 participants(male: 134, female: 127) as the members of Korean Olympic team were randomly selected from the athletes, who were under training as the entrants for Athens 2004 Olympic Games. And 252 athletes who have never been national representatives, participated for the common athletes. We should find following result. First, Olympic team's athletes were lower than common athletes in TAS(p<.05), BS(p<.05), DIS(p<.001). Second, The ES factor did not find any difference following sex and level. Third, Male athletes were significantly higher than famale athletes in TAS(p<.01) and DIS(p<.001). Fourth, TAS was the highest factor in male athletes, otherwise BS was the highest factor in female athletes.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

In the 1980s, private security was established in the framework of institutional framework with the Security Industry Act which was enacted in 1976. The agents who brought in the development of the private sector in 1980 enjoyed a boom in the global economy, affected by its high-flying dollar value, low international interest rate, low oil prices, and the blooming economy. In addition, the semiconductor, computers and communications equipment that was promoted in accordance with the e-Literacy plan were raised. Following the economic development of various events such as Seoul International Trade Fair, "86 Asian Games," and "88 Seoul Olympic Games," private security expenses were enhanced by increasing awareness of civilian expenses. Also, in the 1980s, Korean investment in foreign companies, including Japan's Secom, or Korean technology, brought many changes to the private security. Meanwhile, the cost of security, which has been centered around human expenses, has brought about the era of mechanized spending, or machine security expenses. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the social environment surrounding the private security in the 1980s and systematically analyze the important factors that contribute to private security.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.619-624
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• 2002

A prestressed/precast concrete system was used to build the new Asian Olympic Stadium Project in Pusan, Korea. The stadium(mainly intended for cycle racing) is designed for the 2002 Asian Olympic Games and has a seating capacity of 20,000 spectators plus a few private suites. More than 1300 prestressed/precast components were used and they include single columns, primary beams, cantilever beams, double riser stands, and double tees. Especially, a total of 24 cantilever beams is used on the fourth story for the stands and double tees. These 8m long beams are post-tensioned to prevent cracking, to increase their durability and to serve serviceability by vibration. A cantilever section with cast-in-place topping is 800mm wide and 1500mm deep. Cantilever beams are connected to the column with the corbel by cast-in place concrete. Bonded post-tensioning tendons were assembled at the job site. Dead-end anchorages were installed in the end of cantilever beams and live-end anchorage is the opposite of them. This article presents the geometric layouts, design features and so on.